Embedded operating system

Operating system for embedded system

open 3 entries with the same name

Collection

zero Useful+1

zero

This entry is made by Compilation and application of scientific encyclopedia entries of "Science Popularization China" to examine.

Embedded Operating System (EOS) Embedded system The operating system of. Embedded operating system is a kind of widely used system software, usually including hardware related Bottom drive Software system kernel 、 Equipment drive Interface communication protocol 、 Graphical interface , standardized browser, etc. The embedded operating system is responsible for the allocation of all software and hardware resources of the embedded system task scheduling , control and coordinate concurrent activities. It must reflect the characteristics of its system and be able to achieve the functions required by the system by loading and unloading some modules. The operating systems widely used in the embedded field are: Embedded real-time operating system µC/OS-II、 Embedded Linux 、 Windows Embedded 、 VxWorks 、 Intell Operating System^[4] And other applications in Intelligent mobile phone and tablet PC Of Android 、 iOS 、 Huawei Hongmeng Etc.

Chinese name: Embedded operating system
Foreign name: Embedded Operating System

Abbreviation: EOS
Type: systems software
application area: Industrial Control and Defense Systems

catalog

one Development history
two characteristic
▪ Small system kernel
▪ Strong specificity
▪ System simplification
▪ High real-time
▪ Multi tasking operating system
▪ Need development tools and environment

▪ Application of electromechanical products
▪ Mobile Internet
seven Development trend
eight New products of Microsoft
nine Common systems

Development history

Announce

edit

The concept of embedded system has existed for a long time. In terms of communication, Embedded system In the 1960s, it was used for electronic machinery Telephone exchange Control, which was then called "storage Program control system ”（Stored Program Control）。

embedded computer The real development of microprocessor After its appearance. In November 1971, Intel successfully integrated arithmetic Arithmetic unit Integrated with the controller circuit, the first microprocessor was launched Intel 4004 Later, various manufacturers successively launched many 8-bit and 16 bit microprocessors, including Intel 8080 /8085, 8086, Motorola 6800, 68000, and Zilog Of Z80 , Z8000, etc. The system with these microprocessors as the core is widely used in instruments Medical equipment , robots, household appliances and other fields. The wide application of microprocessors has formed a broad embedded application market, and computer manufacturers have begun to provide users with a large number of plug-ins OEM products , and then the user selects a set of suitable CPU boards according to their own needs storage Board and various I/O plug-in boards to form a dedicated Embedded computer system And embed it into its own system equipment.

For flexible compatibility, serialized and modularized Single board computer 。 fashionable Single board computer There are Intel's iSBC series, Zilog's MCB, etc. Later, people don't have to choose chips to design a special embedded computer, but just choose functional module , you can build a dedicated computer system 。 Both users and developers hope to purchase the most suitable OEM products from different manufacturers, and insert them into purchased or self-made chassis to form a new system. In this way, they hope that plug-ins are compatible with each other, which leads to industrial control micro-computer system The birth of bus. In 1976, Intel launched Multibus, and in 1983, it expanded to Multibus II with a bandwidth of 40MB/s. In 1978 Prolog The simple STD bus designed is widely used in small embedded systems.

The 1980s can be said to be the era when various buses emerged in endlessly and all kinds of heroes rose together. With the improvement of microelectronics technology, Integrated circuit Manufacturers began to integrate microprocessors I/O interface 、 A/D D/A conversion, serial interface and RAM 、 ROM And other components are integrated into one VLSI To produce a surface oriented I/O design micro controller , also known as the single-chip microcomputer Embedded computer system A rising star. The subsequent development of DSP products has further improved Embedded computer system And rapidly infiltrate into Consumer Electronics , medical electronics, intelligent control, communication electronics, instrumentation Transportation And other fields.

In the 1990s, distributed control flexible manufacturing , digital communication and Information appliances Driven by such huge demands, embedded systems have further accelerated their development. Real time oriented signal processing The DSP products of algorithms are moving towards high-speed, high-precision low power consumption development. The third generation launched by Texas DSP chip TMS320C30， It guides the development of microcontroller towards 32-bit high-speed intelligence. In terms of application, Pocket PC Handheld PC and set-top box technologies are relatively mature and developing rapidly. Especially handheld computers, there were only four or five brands of handheld computers in the US market in 1997, while at the end of 1998, various handheld computers sprang up like mushrooms. In addition, Nokia launched Smart phone ， Siemens? The set-top box, Wyse and NS launched intelligent terminals and WebPAD. The small computer loaded on the car can not only control various devices in the car (such as audio), but also connect with GPS Connect to automatically control the car.

The 21st century is undoubtedly a network era, and the application of embedded computer systems to various networks is also an important direction of the development of embedded systems.

characteristic

Announce

edit

Small system kernel

Because embedded systems are generally used in small electronic devices, system resource Relatively limited, so the kernel is much smaller than the traditional operating system. For example, Enea's OSE distributed system The kernel is only 5K.

Strong specificity

Scheduling mechanism of four embedded operating systems

Embedded systems are highly personalized, among which software system The combination with hardware is very close. Generally, it is necessary to transplant the system for hardware. Even in the same brand and series of products, it needs to be constantly modified according to the change, increase and decrease of system hardware. At the same time, for different tasks, it is often necessary to make major changes to the system. The compilation and download of programs should be combined with the system General software The "upgrade" of is completely two concepts.

System simplification

Embedded systems generally have no obvious distinction between system software and application software, and are not required to functional design And the implementation is too complex, which is beneficial to control the system cost and also to realize system safety 。

High real-time

High real-time system software (OS) is embedded software Basic requirements of. And software requirements Solid state storage To increase speed; Software code High quality and high reliability 。

Multi tasking operating system

Embedded software development If you want to move towards standardization, you must use a multi tasking operating system. Embedded system application program It can run directly on the chip without operating system; But in order to reasonably schedule multiple tasks, use system resources System function And dedicated Library function Interface, which must be selected by the user RTOS （Real－Time Operating System） Development platform In order to ensure the real-time and reliability of program execution, reduce the development time, and ensure software quality 。

Need development tools and environment

Embedded system development Need development tools and environment. Because it does not have Self development The user cannot modify the program function even after the design is completed, and must have a set of development tools and environments. These tools and environments are generally based on software and hardware devices on general computers and various logic analyzer 、 Mixed signal oscilloscope Etc. There are often hosts and Target machine The host is used for program development, and the target machine is used as the final execution machine. The development needs to be combined alternately.

core

Announce

edit

The core of embedded system is Embedded microprocessor 。 Embedded microprocessor generally has the following four characteristics:

one
It has strong support ability for real-time tasks, can complete multiple tasks and has short Interrupt response time To minimize the execution time of internal code and real-time core.
two
It has powerful storage area protection function. This is because the software structure of the embedded system has been modularized. In order to avoid the wrong cross action between software modules, it is necessary to design a powerful memory protection function, which is also conducive to software diagnosis.
three
Scalable processor architecture, which can quickly develop the highest performance embedded microprocessor to meet the application.
four
Embedded microprocessors must have very low power consumption, especially for battery powered embedded systems used in portable wireless and mobile computing and communication devices. For example, the power consumption required is only mW or even μ W.

classification

Announce

edit

Partition based on hardware and software:

Hardware based

Micro Processor Unit (MPU)

Embedded microprocessor is composed of General purpose computer CPU in. Its feature is that it has more than 32 bit processors, with high performance, of course, its price is also relatively high. But with Computer processor The difference is that in the actual embedded application, only the functional hardware closely related to the embedded application is retained, and other functions are removed Redundancy function In this way, the special requirements of embedded applications can be realized with the lowest power consumption and resources. Compared with the industrial control computer, embedded microprocessor has advantages of the small size, light weight, low cost and high reliability. major Embedded processor The types are Am186/88, 386EX SC-400、Power PC、68000、MIPS、ARM/ StrongARM Series, etc.

Where Arm/StrongArm is specially designed for Handset The developed embedded microprocessor is in the middle price range.

Microcontroller Unit (MCU)

The typical representative of embedded microcontroller is single chip microcomputer. Although it has been more than 30 years since the emergence of single chip microcomputer in the late 1970s, this 8-bit electronic device It is still widely used in embedded devices. Integrated ROM in MCU chip/ EPROM RAM, bus, bus logic, timing/ Counter 、 watchdog 、I/O、 Serial port 、 PWM Output A/D、D/A、Flash RAM、 EEPROM Etc Essential functions And peripherals. Compared with the embedded microprocessor, the biggest feature of the microcontroller is that it is monolithic and its size is greatly reduced, thus reducing power consumption and cost, and improving reliability. Microcontrollers are generally rich in on-chip peripheral resources and suitable for control, so they are called microcontrollers.

because MCU With low price and excellent functions, it has the most varieties and quantities Representativeness Including 8051 MCS-251、MCS-96/196/296、P51XA、C166/167、 68K Series and MCU 8XC930/931, C540, C541, and support I2C, CAN Bus LCD And many dedicated MCU and compatible series, MCU accounts for about 70% of embedded system market share Avr MCU produced by Atmel is integrated with FPGA And other devices, so it has a high cost performance ratio, which is bound to promote the development of SCM.

Embedded Digital Signal Processor (EDSP)

DSP processor is specially used for signal processing System structure And the instruction algorithm is specially designed, which has high compilation efficiency and instruction execution speed. stay digital filtering 、 FFT 、 Spectral analysis DSP has been widely used in various instruments.

The theoretical algorithm of DSP has appeared since the 1970s, but since the special DSP processor has not yet appeared, this theoretical algorithm can only be implemented through MPU And the like are realized by discrete components. Lower MPU processing speed Unable to meet the algorithm requirements of DSP, its application field is only limited to some cutting-edge high-tech fields. along with large-scale integrated circuit technological development In 1982, the world's first DSP chip was born. his Operation speed It is dozens of times faster than MPU speech synthesis and Codec Has been widely used. By the mid-1980s, with the CMOS Technological progress and development, the second generation is based on CMOS process DSP chip of storage capacity And computing speed have been doubled, becoming speech processing The foundation of image hardware processing technology. In the late 1980s, the operation speed of DSP was further improved, and the application field was expanded from the above scope to communication and computer. After the 1990s, DSP has developed into the fifth generation product, Integration It is higher and has a wider application range.

The most widely used TI TMS320C2000/C5000 series, Intel MCS-296 and Siemens TriCore also have their own Scope of application 。

Embedded System On Chip

SoC pursues the most inclusive integrated device of the product system, which is the key component of the embedded application field hot topic one of. The biggest characteristic of SOC is that it successfully realizes the seamless combination of software and hardware, and directly embeds the code module of operating system into the processor chip. Moreover, SOC is very comprehensive, and VHDL is used inside a silicon chip hardware description language To implement a complex system. Users no longer need to be like traditional system design Similarly, drawing huge and complex circuit boards and connecting and welding them little by little only need to use accurate language, integrated timing design directly calls the standards of various general processors in the device library, and then through simulation, they can be directly delivered to the chip manufacturers for production. Since most of the system components are inside the system, the whole system is particularly simple, which not only reduces the size and power consumption of the system, but also improves the System reliability , improving the design and production efficiency.

Since SOC is often dedicated, most of them are unknown to users. A typical SOC product is Philips' Smart XA. A few general series, such as TriCore of Siemens, M-Core of Motorola, and some ARM series devices, are jointly developed by Echelon and Motorola Neuron chip Etc.

It is expected that in the near future, some large chip companies will push back at one stroke by introducing mature SOC chips that can occupy most of the market competitor 。 SOC chips will also play an important role in applications such as sound, image, film and television, network and system logic.

Software based

There are two main types of embedded system software: real-time system and Time-sharing system 。 Real time systems are divided into two categories: Hard real-time systems and Soft real-time system 。

real time Embedded system It is designed to perform specific functions and can be strictly sequenced performing function 。 Its biggest feature is that the program execution has certainty 。 In a real-time system, if the system fails to achieve a certain task within the specified time, it will lead to the overall failure of the system, and the system is called a hard real-time system. In the soft real-time system, although response time Equally important, but timeouts do not lead to fatal errors. A hard real-time system often needs to add a control chip dedicated to time and priority management on the hardware, while a soft real-time system mainly implements time limit management through programming on the software side. For example, Windows CE is a Multitasking Time sharing system, and Ucos II is typical real-time operating system 。

form

Announce

edit

Hardware layer

The hardware layer contains embedded microprocessor and memory（ SDRAM 、ROM、 Flash General equipment interface and I/O interface (A/D, D/A, I/O, etc.). Add on the basis of an embedded processor Power circuit 、 Clock circuit And memory circuit, it constitutes an embedded core control module. The operating system and application programs can be solidified in ROM.

Embedded microprocessor

Embedded operating system

The core of embedded system hardware layer is embedded microprocessor. The biggest difference between embedded microprocessor and general CPU is that most embedded microprocessors work for specific User group In the special designed system, it integrates many tasks of the general CPU completed by the board into the chip, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the embedded system in the design, and also has high efficiency and reliability.

Embedded microprocessor Architecture Can be used Von Neumann System or Harvard Architecture ； Command system Optional Reduced instruction system (Reduced Instruction Set Computer, RISC) and Complex instruction system CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer, CISC). RISC computer only contains the most useful instructions in the channel to ensure Data channel Fast execution of each instruction, which improves execution efficiency and makes CPU hardware Structural design Make it easier.

Embedded microprocessors have different systems, even in the same system, they may have different clock frequency and Data bus width , or integrate different peripherals and interfaces. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 1000 embedded microprocessors in the world, with more than 30 series of architecture, including ARM, MIPS PowerPC , X86, and SH Etc. However, unlike the global PC market, no embedded microprocessor can dominate the market. For 32-bit products alone, there are more than 100 embedded microprocessors. The choice of embedded microprocessor depends on the specific application.

storage

Embedded systems need memory to store and execute code. The memory of embedded system includes Cache Main storage and Auxiliary memory 。

（1）Cache

Cache is a memory array with small capacity and high speed. It is located between the main memory and the embedded microprocessor core. When data reading operations are required, the microprocessor reads data from the Cache as much as possible, rather than from the main memory, which greatly improves the system performance and improves the Data transmission rate 。 The main goal of Cache is to reduce the memory access bottleneck caused by memory (such as main memory and auxiliary memory) to the microprocessor core, so as to make processing faster and more real-time.

In embedded systems, caches are all integrated in embedded microprocessors, and can be divided into data caches, instruction caches, or hybrid caches. The size of caches depends on different processors. Generally, the cache is integrated into the high-end embedded microprocessor.

(2) Main storage

The main memory is an embedded microprocessor Direct access Of register , used to store system and user programs and data. It can be located inside or outside the microprocessor, and its capacity is 256KB~1GB, depending on the specific application Memory Small storage capacity, fast speed External memory Large capacity.

The memory commonly used as main memory includes:

ROM class NOR Flash 、E PROM And PROM, etc.

RAM class SRAM 、 DRAM And SDRAM, etc.

NOR Flash has been widely used in the embedded field because of its advantages such as more erasable times, fast storage speed, large storage capacity and low price.

(3) Auxiliary memory

Auxiliary memory is used to store a large amount of program code or information. Its capacity is large, but its reading speed is much slower than that of main memory. It is used to store user information for a long time. The external storage commonly used in embedded systems are: hard disk, NAND Flash CF card , MMC and SD card Etc.

General equipment interface and I/O interface

Embedded system and external interaction need some form of general equipment interface, such as A/D, D/A, I/O, etc. Peripherals realize the input/output function of the microprocessor through the connection with other devices or sensors outside the chip. Each peripheral usually has a single function, which can be outside the chip or inside the chip. There are many kinds of peripherals, which can be accessed from a simple serial Communication equipment To very complex eight hundred and two point one one Wireless devices.

Common device interfaces in embedded systems include A/D（ A/D conversion Interface), D/A (digital/analog conversion interface), I/O interface includes RS-232 Interface (serial communication interface), Ethernet（ Ethernet Interface) USB (Universal Serial Bus Interface) audio interface 、 VGA video Output interface 、I2C（ field bus ）、 SPI （ Serial peripheral interface ）And IrDA（ Infrared interface ）Etc.

Middle layer

The middle layer is between the hardware layer and the software layer, also known as Hardware abstraction layer （Hardware Abstract Layer， HAL ）Or Board level support package Board Support Package (BSP), which separates the upper software (application program) from the lower hardware of the system Driver It has nothing to do with the upper layer. The upper layer software developers do not need to care about the specific situation of the underlying hardware. They can develop according to the interface provided by the BSP layer. This layer generally includes the initialization of related underlying hardware, data input/output operations and hardware device configuration functions. BSP has the following two characteristics.

Hardware relevance : Because Embedded real-time system Of hardware environment It has application dependency. As the interface between the upper software and the hardware platform, BSP needs to provide the operating system with methods to operate and control specific hardware.

Operating system dependency: different operating systems have their own software hierarchical structure Therefore, different operating systems have specific hardware Interface Form.

In fact, BSP is a software layer between the operating system and the underlying hardware, including most of the software modules in the system that are closely related to the hardware. Designing a complete BSP requires two parts: Embedded system The hardware initialization and BSP functions of the Equipment drive 。

Embedded system hardware initialization

System Initialization The process can be divided into three main links according to Bottom up , from hardware to software: chip level initialization, board level initialization, and System level initialization.

Chip level initialization

complete Embedded microprocessor Initialization of, including setting the core of embedded microprocessor register and Control register Embedded microprocessor core Operating mode And embedded microprocessor Local bus Mode, etc. Chip level initialization handle Embedded microprocessor The default state at power on is gradually set to the required state of the system working condition 。 This is a pure hardware initialization process.

Board level initialization

complete Embedded microprocessor Initialization of other hardware devices. In addition, it is necessary to set the data structure And parameters to initialize and application program The operation establishment hardware and software environment 。 This is an initialization process that includes both hardware and software.

System Initialization

This initialization process mainly focuses on software initialization, mainly for the initialization of the operating system. BSP will Embedded microprocessor Of control power It is transferred to the embedded operating system, which completes the remaining initialization operations, including loading and initializing hardware independent devices Driver , create the system memory area, load and initialize other system software modules, such as Network system 、 file system Etc. Finally, the operating system creates application program Environment, and give control to the portal of the application.

Hardware related device drivers

Another main function of BSP is hardware related device drivers. Initialization of hardware related device drivers is usually a process from high to low. Although BSP contains hardware related device drivers, these device drivers are not usually used by BSP directly. Instead, BSP associates them with the common device drivers in the operating system during system initialization, and they are called by the common device drivers in subsequent applications to operate the hardware devices. The hardware related driver is BSP Design and development Another key link in.

System software layer

The system software layer is composed of Real time multitasking operating system (Real time Operation System, RTOS), file system, graphical user interface (GUI), network system and general component module. RTOS is Embedded application software And development platform.

Embedded operating system

Embedded Operation System (EOS) is a widely used system software, which was mainly used in industrial control and Defense Systems Domain. EOS is responsible for Embedded system Allocation of all software and hardware resources task scheduling , control and coordinate concurrent activities. It must reflect the characteristics of its system and be able to achieve the functions required by the system by loading and unloading some modules. Some successful EOS applications have been launched Product line 。 With the development of Internet technology, the popularization and application of information appliances and the miniaturization and specialization of EOS, EOS began to develop from a single weak function to a highly specialized strong function. Real time efficiency of embedded operating system in the system and hardware correlation dependence 、 Software solidification And application specificity. Compared with general operating systems, EOS not only has the most basic functions of general operating systems, but also has the following functions: task scheduling Synchronization mechanism 、 Interrupt processing , file processing, etc.

application

Announce

edit

Industrial control

Embedded chip based Industrial automation equipment It will achieve considerable development, and there are already a large number of 8, 16, and 32 bits Embedded microcontroller In application, networking is to improve production efficiency and product quality Main ways to reduce human resources, such as industrial process control, digital machine tools Power system Power grid security, power grid equipment monitoring petrochemical industry System. Traditional Industrial control As far as products are concerned, the low-end type usually adopts 8-bit MCU. But with the development of technology, 32-bit and 64 bit processors have gradually become industrial control equipment In the next few years, it will certainly achieve considerable development.

traffic control

In vehicle navigation flow control , information monitoring and Automobile service Aspect, embedded System technology It has been widely used, embedded GPS module ， GSM module Movement of Positioning terminal It has been successfully used in various transportation industries. GPS device It has entered the families of ordinary people from cutting-edge products, and you can find your position anytime and anywhere with only a few thousand yuan.

Information appliances

This will become the largest embedded system application area The networked and intelligent refrigerators and air conditioners will lead people's lives into a new space. Even if you are not at home, you can pass Telephone line , network Remote control 。 In these devices, Embedded system It will be of great use.

Home intelligent management

Water, electricity Gas meter Remote for Automatic meter reading , safe fire prevention Anti theft system The embedded special control chip will replace the traditional manual inspection and achieve higher, more accurate and safer performance. In the field of services, such as remote order servers Embedded system Advantages.

POS network

Public transportation Contactless Smartcard (CSC) distribution system, public phonecard Distribution system, vending machine All kinds of intelligent ATM terminals will come into people's lives in an all-round way, and you can walk around the world with one card.

Environmental Engineering and Nature

Hydrological data Real time monitoring, flood control system and water and soil quality monitoring, dam safety, earthquake Monitoring network , real-time meteorological information network, water source and air pollution monitoring. In many areas with harsh environment and complex terrain, Embedded system Unmanned monitoring will be realized.

robot

The development of embedded chips will make robots have more obvious advantages in miniaturization and high intelligence. At the same time, it will significantly reduce the price of robots and make them more widely used in industrial and service fields.

In these applications, we can focus on the application of control. As far as remote home appliance control is concerned, in addition to developing TCP/IP Embedded system In addition, household appliances control protocol It also needs to be formulated and unified, which needs household appliance manufacturers to do. In the same way, all network-based remote Control device Both need Embedded system And then the embedded system can control it through the network. Therefore, develop and explore Embedded system It is of great significance.

Application of electromechanical products

Compared with other fields, electromechanical products can be said to be Embedded system application One of the most typical and extensive fields. Microcontroller, industrial personal computer and SOC have a huge market in various electromechanical products.

Mobile Internet

Mobile Internet Many fields also need Embedded development technology

Development trend

Announce

edit

Embedded operating system will be an indispensable component in the future embedded system Development trend include^[1] ：

1. Customization: the embedded operating system will provide simplified models for specific applications system call Interface, specifically supporting one or a class of embedded applications. The embedded operating system will also have Scalability , reducible System architecture , providing a multi-level system architecture. Embedded operating system will include various Plug and Play Of Equipment drive Interface;

2. Energy saving: embedded operating system continues to be adopted Microkernel technology , realizing small size, low power consumption and low cost to support small size Electronic equipment 。 At the same time, improve the reliability and Maintainability 。 The embedded operating system will form the smallest kernel processing set, reducing System overhead , improve operating efficiency , and can be used for various non computer equipment;

3. Humanization: the embedded operating system will provide sophisticated multimedia interface To meet the needs of user demand ；

4. Security: embedded operating system should be able to provide security Safeguard mechanism , the reliability of source code is getting higher and higher;

5. Networking: network oriented, specific application oriented, embedded operating system requires standard network communication interface 。 The development of embedded operating system will be easier to transplant and network. The embedded operating system will have Network access Function, providing TCP / UDP / IP / PPP Protocol support and unified MAC Access layer interface, for various mobile computing Reserved interface of equipment;

6. Standardization: With the development of embedded operating systems, information switching 、 resource sharing The emergence of problems such as increasing opportunities needs to establish corresponding standards to regulate its application.

Embedded operating systems have certain Real time , easy to cut and scale, suitable for various ARM from ARM7 to Xscale CPU Embedded operating system can use widely popular ARM development tool , such as ARM's SDT/ADS and RealView, can also use development software, such as GCC/GDB KDE Or Eclipe development environment There are also special development tools in the market, such as Tornado , μ C/View, μ C/KA, CODE/Lab, Metroworks, etc.^[2]

New products of Microsoft

Announce

edit

Microsoft Planned to be launched in March 2013 Windows Embedded 8 Embedded operating system, i.e Windows 8 Windows Embedded 8 Standard operating system is a modular version of Windows, which runs like Linux It allows manufacturers to modify and customize it, and new touch and gesture based interfaces will be applied on this embedded operating system.

People are already familiar with VOIP phones, DVD players GPS receiver And printers with embedded operating systems. As more and more devices are added Computer chip Using embedded operating systems and managing these devices through software has become a growing demand. in the past, Quasi system Version LINUX is an option for embedded operating systems, which is due to its low requirements for the system and easy customization. More and more household goods begin to enter the intelligent and Digital field , arousing people's concern about“ Internet of Things ”This network can connect all the computerized items in your home, make their owners easy to control, and search things as simple as looking for files on the computer.

Windows Embedded 8 may just be a step in Microsoft's rejuvenation plan. This plan will transform Microsoft from a software company into a "device and service" company. Microsoft is seeking to release an embedded road map , most likely to show shareholders that they are not heavy dinosaurs that will be destroyed by the upcoming mobile tide. In fact, the Windows embedded operating system has existed for some time. The earliest version of Win3. x has an embedded version that can run on POS terminals. But real Windows Embedded device It was built in 1999 and called Windows NT Embedded。 Windows XP The code of was used to create "XP embedded" at that time. The Windows Embedded compact model is closely followed. Some people are unfamiliar with this name, but you must have heard of another well-known name Windows CE 。 This product is more used for set-top boxes, especially for Sega ill fed Dreamcast Console Later, it was widely known.

In 2009, Windows XP Embedded Upgrade to Windows Embedded Standard, which provides a complete Win32 API , but unlike Windows CE ARM 、 MIPS and SuperH Windows Embedded Standard can only run on multiple processors x86 Run above. It is fully compatible with "standard" projects, such as the NET framework, IE7 、Windows media player , Silverlight, etc. Windows Embedded Standard allows manufacturers to customize the system, delete unnecessary parts, and retain the core functions of the system. This feature has been used by some smart people in the past for the production of CDS on the Windows scene, such as BartPE 。