Sanya, known as Yazhou in ancient times, has a long history.In the first year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (110 BC), it was listed in the territory of China.On September 26, 1987, it was upgraded to prefecture level city.Sanya is also known as the "End of the World" since ancient times because it is far away from the imperial capital and alone overseas.It was once the State of Qiao in the Sui DynastyMrs. XianOf“Tang Muyi”；Great Monk of the Tang DynastyJianzhenA place for drifting ashore and preaching;In the Tang and Song Dynasties, seven famous ministers and officials were demoted to Sanya.As far as the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties were concerned, Sanya's economy was initially developed, and the cotton textile industry took the lead in the country.Sanya is characterized by tropical seashore sceneryInternational tourism city[2], also known as Oriental Hawaii, has a unique coastal scenery.Sanya is surrounded by mountains on three sides, forming an embrace. Mountains, seas and rivers are integrated. Many mountain tops also provide commanding heights for overlooking the sea, river bends and urban landscape.[42]In 2023, it was rated asthe third-class cities。[74]
In 2023, Sanya will achieve a regional GDP of 97.134 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12.0% at constant prices.[84]
Let's follow this article to explore a more beautiful Sanya, to see mountains crisscross, rivers flowing, rainforests evergreen, flowers blooming all the year round, blue waves rolling, silver sand like snow, islands and stars, and to look for different perspectives and different appearances of the world in another world.... Details
SanyainSanya River(Ancient name: Linchuan Water)The east and west rivers of Sanya meet here in the shape of Ya, so it is named Sanya.Sanya has a long historyZhengde Qiongtai RecordsIt has been recorded in Sanya Village and Sanya Li.
According to archaeological materials, human activities began on Hainan Island at the latest 10000 years ago.Pre QinPeriod SanyaBaiyueOf various departmentsLuo Yue。
Five Dynasties and Ten KingdomsDuring the period, the organizational system of Zhenzhou was still the same, but its ownership was reduced, and only two counties, Ningyuan and Jiyang, were saved.
Song Dynastyshake out diceIn the fifth year (972), Zhenzhou was changed into Yazhou;XiningIn the sixth year (1073), Yazhou was changed into Zhuya Army;Political peaceIn the seventh year (1117), the Pearl Cliff Army was renamedJi Yangjun。
brightHong WuIn the first year (1368), Jiyang Army was changed into Yazhou;orthodoxIn the fourth year (1439), the name of Ningyuan County was abolished and its administrative area was directly incorporated into Yazhou.From then on, Yazhou becameSanzhouOrganizational system.
In January 1954, Ya County was incorporatedHainan Li and Miao Autonomous PrefectureIn October, the people's government of Ya County moved from Yacheng to Sanya Town.[53]
In 1958, it was merged with Baoting, Lingshui and Wanning Xinglong Niuliu District to form Yaxian County (a big county). In 1959 and 1961, it was divided into Baoting and Lingshui counties.Yaxian County reserves the current jurisdiction area.
In 1958, after the people's commune was established, Sanya Town was transformed into a people's commune, which successively belonged to Torpedo Commune, Yulin Commune, Sanya Commune, Nanhai Commune, and Nanhai Water Transport Commune.
In December 1959, the Xisha Islands were separated from Yaxian County to the offices of Xisha, Nansha and Zhongsha Islands in Hainan Administrative Region.
In May 1961, Sanya implemented the town organization system.
In November 1962, Sanya Town and Sanya Commune were merged into Sanya Commune.
In June 1964, the organizational system of Sanya Town was restored.As the seat of Ya County, Sanya Town has been very familiar with and adapted to the name of Sanya[53]。
On May 19, 1984, with the approval of the State Council, Ya County was cancelled and Sanya City (county level) was established.In November, Sanya Town was cancelled and Hedong and Hexi subdistrict offices were prepared to be established.
On September 26, 1987, the State Council approved Sanya to be upgraded to a prefecture level city.On December 30, Sanya prefecture level city was officially established and listed for office.
On February 11, 2014, the State Council approved the removal of six towns in Sanya and the establishment of four new districts, namely Jiyang District (the original Hedong Management District, Jiyang Town, Yalong Bay Management Committee), Tianya District (the original Hexi Management District, Fenghuang Town, Tianya Town, Sanya Bay Management Committee),Yucai Town）Haitang District (the original Haitangwan Town and Haitangwan Management Committee were cancelled), Yazhou District (the original Yacheng Town was cancelled).
On September 30, 2014, Yucai Town was abolished, and the CPC Sanya Yucai Ecological Zone Working Committee and Sanya Yucai Ecological Zone Management Committee were established within the original administrative division of Yucai Town.
On January 2, 2015, Yazhou District, Tianya District, Jiyang District and Haitang District of Sanya City, Hainan Province were officially established.
Zoning Details
As of March 2023, Sanya has jurisdiction over four municipal districts, namely Haitang District, Jiyang District, Tianya District and Yazhou District, with 57 communities, 92 villages and 491 natural villages.[1]The People's Government of Sanya City is located at No. 257, Xinfeng Street, Jiyang District.
Sanya, the second largest city in Hainan Province, is located at the southernmost tip of Hainan Island, between 18 ° 09 ′ 34 ″ - 18 ° 37 ′ 27 ″ north latitude, 108 ° 56 ′ 30 ″ - 109 ° 48 ′ 28 ″ east longitude, adjacent to Lingshui Li Autonomous County in the east, Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County in the north, Ledong Li Autonomous County in the west, and the South China Sea in the south.The city is 91.6 kilometers long from east to west and 51.8 kilometers wide from south to north.Sanya has a total land area of 1921 square kilometers[42]The total sea area is 3226 square kilometers.
The city of Sanya
topographic features
The terrain of Sanya is high in the north and low in the south. The mountains in the north are high and steep, and the mountains are continuous. The plains in the south are distributed from east to west.There are more than 200 mountains in the city, most of which are between 300-1090 meters above sea level. The highest mountain is Jianling, 1090 meters above sea level;The big and small mountains naturally divide the coastal zone into small plains and bays. At Yalong Ridge, Hutou Ridge, Luhuitou Ridge, Maling Ridge and Nanshan Mountain, the mountains and cliffs cut directly into the sea, forming a sea turbid cliff bank terrain.The plain area is dominated by accumulation terrain, and there are dry gulch depressions and lagoon depressions.In the plain of the regionHaitang Bay、The Gulf of Sanya、Cliff CityThree are larger, and the rest are scattered along the coast or in the valleys of Maling and Tiandu.There are gentle slope gullies between the coast and the plain, such as irregular mountain terraces and hilly terrain in the middle reaches of Sanya River and Ningyuan River.
climate
Analysis of climate background in Sanya
Sanya is located at the southernmost tip of Hainan Island, at the northern edge of the tropics south of the Tropic of Cancer. It is greatly affected by the marine climate, and belongs to the tropical marine monsoon climate. It is warm all the year round and evergreen without severe cold in winter and hot in summer.The annual average temperature is 25.5 ℃, the highest average temperature is 28.5 ℃ in June, the lowest average temperature is 20.9 ℃ in January, the annual extreme maximum temperature is 37.5 ℃, and the annual extreme minimum temperature is 5.1 ℃.Sanya has abundant rainfall throughout the year, with an average annual rainfall of 1279 mm, the maximum annual rainfall of 1871 mm and the minimum annual rainfall of 747 mm.The dry and wet seasons are obvious, and the rainy season is from May to October every year, accounting for 91.7% of the total annual rainfall;The dry season is from November to April of the next year, and the rainfall is 8.3% of the whole year.The annual average relative humidity is 79%, and the annual evaporation is 1950.7 mm.The sunshine duration is long. The average annual sunshine duration along the coast is 2588 hours. There is no frost all year round, and the annual accumulated temperature is high. The accumulated temperature ≥ 10 ℃ is 9300.7 ℃, and the accumulated temperature ≥ 15 ° is 9298.8 ℃.
hydrology
There are 12 medium and small rivers in Sanya City, and there areNingyuan River、Tengqiao River；Those with a catchment area of more than 100 square kilometersSanya River, DamaoshuiLongjiang River；Jiuqu River, Liudao River, Shaoqi River, Wenchang River, Donggou River and Maopeng River cover an area of less than 100 square kilometers.According to the distribution of water resources in Sanya, it can be divided into three water systems: central, eastern and western.The central water system is dominated by Sanya River, including Damao River.Four medium-sized reservoirs have been built, namely Tangta, Fuwan, Banling and Shuiyuanchi reservoirs.The central water system takes Fuwan, water source pool and Banling Reservoir as the urban water supply sources.The eastern water system is dominated by Tengqiao River, including Tengqiao West River and Tengqiao East River.With a drainage area of 705.46 square kilometers, it has been built in the lower reaches of Tengqiao West RiverChitian Reservoir。The western water system is dominated by the Ningyuan River, which has a drainage area of 1093 square kilometers, ranking first in Sanya and fourth in Hainan.Dalong Reservoir is being built at the transition of its main stream from mountain to plain, with a total storage capacity of 427 million m3.The total annual runoff of surface water in Sanya is 1.15 billion cubic meters, and the dynamic reserves of underground water are 142 million cubic meters. Sanya is rich in geothermal resources: the first spring in South China, Phoenix Mountain Villa, Banling Hot Spring, Yacheng Yujing Hot Spring, etc.In addition, there are Linwang Luogen Tianyang Hot Spring.
natural resources
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water resource
Sanya
The average annual rainfall depth of Sanya's surface water resources is 604mm, the total annual runoff is 1.15 billion cubic meters, the radius depth is 604mm, the radius flow coefficient is 0.43, the total annual runoff is 1.15 billion cubic meters, the annual runoff in wet years (P=10%) is 1.82 billion cubic meters, the annual runoff in normal years (P=50%) is 1.08 billion cubic meters, and the annual runoff in dry years (P=90%) is 580 million cubic meters.The catchment area is 1905 square kilometers, and the average annual rainfall is 1417 mm.The annual runoff from Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County to Tengqiao Town is 457.6 million cubic meters in normal water year and 228.8 million cubic meters in dry water year;The annual runoff from Ledong Li Autonomous County and Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County into Yacheng Town is 167.1 million m3 in normal water year and 79.4 million m3 in dry water year.The precipitation in the west is less than that in the east, and the runoff distribution decreases from the interior to the coast.
plant resources
Sanya is rich in plant resources. There are 1838 plant species (including 516 cultivated varieties) in Sanya, including 72 species of pteridophytes in 22 families, 26 species of gymnosperms in 7 families, and 1740 species of angiosperms in 98 families;Among angiosperms, there are 1341 dicotyledons and 399 monocotyledons.[3]
There are 29 kinds of mineral resources in Sanya, including 11 kinds of metal minerals, 14 kinds of non-metallic minerals, 1 kind of energy minerals, and 3 kinds of water and gas minerals.The minerals developed and utilized include:iron、phosphorus、titanium、limestone、Quartz sand、Marble、Granite, crystal, gold, building stone, etc.The reserves of limestone, quartz sand and granite are all over 100 million tons, and the mineral products such as phosphorus, titanium, copper and iron are excellent. The gold grade is up to 12.2 grams per ton.The sea area near Sanya is rich in oil resources. The natural gas resources in the South China Sea account for about 1/3 of the national natural gas reserves. Ya 13-1 and Ya 13-2 have been identified as two high-yield natural gas flow wells.The front well produces 1.2 million cubic meters of natural gas per day, and the rear well produces 250000 cubic meters of natural gas per day.It is estimated that the natural gas reserves are about 340-118.2 billion cubic meters, and the recoverable amount is 51.988 billion cubic meters.The annual output of the well can reach 5 billion cubic meters, which can supply gas for 15-30 years.
population
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population size
According to the Communiqu é of the Seventh National Population Census of Sanya, as of 0:00 on November 1, 2020, the total population (permanent population) of Sanya City was 1031396, an increase of 345988, or 50.48%, compared with 685408 in the sixth national population census in 2010, with an average annual growth rate of 4.17%.[38]
By the end of 2023, Sanya has a registered population of 757674, an increase of 26584 over the end of the previous year.Among them, there are 379469 males and 378205 females.According to ethnic groups, there are 482218 Han people, accounting for 63.6% of the total population;245149 Li people, accounting for 32.4% of the total population;12117 Hui people, accounting for 1.6% of the total population;There are 4427 Miao people, accounting for 0.6% of the total population;2933 Zhuang people, accounting for 0.4% of the total population;10830 people from other nationalities, accounting for 1.4% of the total population.[84]
Change of permanent population in Sanya (2017~2022)
Reference source:[68-73]
Ethnic Composition
Sanya is a multi-ethnic area. There are four ethnic groups living in Sanya, namely Li, Han, Hui and Miao, and more than 20 ethnic groups moved in after liberation.
In 2023, the gross regional product (GDP) of Sanya will be 97.134 billion yuan, an increase of 12.0% year-on-year at constant prices, accounting for 12.9% of the provincial GDP.Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 11.089 billion yuan, up 3.5% year on year;The added value of the secondary industry was 13.264 billion yuan, up 13.0% year on year;The added value of the tertiary industry was 72.781 billion yuan, up 13.0% year on year.The tertiary industrial structure is 11.4:13.7:74.9.[84]
Change of Sanya's GDP (2017~2022)
Reference source:[68-73]
In 2023, Sanya will achieve local general public budget revenue of 14.742 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 23.4% (calculated according to the new standard, the same below).Among them, the tax revenue was 10.596 billion yuan, up 30.6% year on year;Non tax revenue was 4.145 billion yuan, up 8.3% year on year.Among the tax revenue, the value-added tax was 2.155 billion yuan, up 151.2% year on year;Corporate income tax was 1.264 billion yuan, down 7.9% year on year;Land value-added tax was 2.98 billion yuan, up 20.4% year on year;Deed tax was 1.949 billion yuan, up 103.0% year on year;Real estate tax was 557 million yuan, down 15.2% year on year;Urban land use tax was 304 million yuan, down 19.8% year on year;Urban maintenance and construction tax was 416 million yuan, up 12.5% year on year;Individual income tax was 569 million yuan, down 17.7% year on year.The city's general public budget expenditure was 23.250 billion yuan, up 1.5% year on year.Among them, health expenditure was 2.592 billion yuan, down 24.5% year on year;Education expenditure was 2.674 billion yuan, up 8.4% year on year;Energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure was 234 million yuan, down 68.6% year on year;Social security and employment expenditure was 2.183 billion yuan, up 48.3% year on year;Urban and rural community expenditure was 2.173 billion yuan, down 50.6% year on year.[84]
primary industry
In 2023, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Sanya will be 15.932 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.1% at comparable prices.Among them, the agricultural output value was 11.7 billion yuan, up 4.0% year on year;The forestry output value was 166 million yuan, down 2.2% year on year;The output value of animal husbandry was 781 million yuan, up 11.5% year on year;The fishery output value was 2.385 billion yuan, up 4.2% year on year;The output value of professional and auxiliary activities of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 900 million yuan, up 10.4% year on year.[84]
the secondary industry
In 2023, the gross industrial output value of Sanya above designated size will be 12.954 billion yuan, up 64.7% year on year.Among them, the output value of light industry was 291 million yuan, up 16.7% year on year;The output value of heavy industry was 12.664 billion yuan, up 66.3% year on year.In terms of economic type, the output value of joint-stock enterprises was 12.227 billion yuan, up 69.4% year on year;The output value of foreign businesses, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan enterprises was 728 million yuan, up 12.3% year on year.From the perspective of various industries, the output value of agricultural and sideline food processing industry was 119 million yuan, up 8.2% year on year;The output value of food manufacturing industry was 92 million yuan, up 35.9% year on year;The output value of non-metallic mineral products industry was 4.065 billion yuan, up 14.4% year on year;The output value of gas production and supply industry was 243 million yuan, up 31.2% year on year;The output value of power and heat production and supply industries was 4.005 billion yuan, up 16.0% year on year.
In 2023, the investment in construction and installation projects in Sanya will increase by 8.9% year on year.The added value of the construction industry was 9.417 billion yuan, up 1.1% year on year.There were 39 qualified construction enterprises (locally registered) operating normally in the city, and the annual contract amount (including newly signed and carried forward) was 10.519 billion yuan, down 8.8% year on year;The total output value of the construction industry was 4.138 billion yuan, up 14.3% year on year.[84]
the service sector; the tertiary industry
In 2023, the total retail sales of consumer goods in Sanya will be 49.288 billion yuan, up 14.0% year on year.Catering revenue was 3.872 billion yuan by consumption type, up 42.3% year on year;The retail sales of commodities reached 45.416 billion yuan, up 12.1% year on year.From the perspective of retail sales of units above designated size, grain, oil and food increased by 7.7% year on year;Clothing, shoes and hats, knitting category increased by 54.6% year on year;Daily necessities increased by 15.2% year on year.The retail sales of automobiles per unit above the limit were 6.142 billion yuan, up 23.5% year on year.Among them, the retail sales of new energy vehicles reached 2.577 billion yuan, up 74.2% year on year.Tax free sales in outlying islands achieved a retail sales volume of 27.314 billion yuan, up 17.1% year on year.[84]
In 2023, the balance of local and foreign currency deposits of financial institutions in Sanya will be 201475 million yuan, up 4.3% year on year;The loan balance was 138.654 billion yuan, up 0.6% year on year.The total assets of banking financial institutions in the city were 248.268 billion yuan, up 1.4% year on year;Total liabilities were 243.228 billion yuan, up 1.2% year on year;The non-performing loan ratio was 5.6%, down 0.5% year on year.
In 2023, the original insurance premium income of Sanya's insurance industry will be 3.034 billion yuan, up 9.1% year on year.Including 1.3 billion yuan for property insurance;Life insurance reached 1.734 billion yuan.The turnover of the city's securities industry increased by 8.0% year on year.[84]
social undertakings
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education
In 2023, there will be 431 schools of all kinds (excluding special education) in Sanya, including 6 ordinary colleges and universities, the same as last year;3 secondary vocational education schools, the same as the previous year;52 ordinary middle schools, the same as last year;117 primary schools, 2 more than the previous year;253 kindergartens, 12 more than the previous year.16299 full-time teachers, including 3102 teachers from ordinary colleges and universities;350 teachers from secondary vocational schools;5427 teachers in general middle schools;4467 primary school teachers;2953 kindergarten teachers.There are 253181 students in school, including 67077 students from ordinary colleges and universities;8079 students from secondary vocational schools;19055 senior high school students;36972 students from ordinary middle schools;83899 primary school students;38099 kindergartens[84]。
In 2023, Sanya will have 1 public library, 1 cultural and art museum, 7 museums, 19 theaters (cinemas) and 46 various art performance teams.The comprehensive population coverage rate of TV programs is 100%, and that of radio programs is 100%.[84]
medical and health work
By the end of 2022, there will be a total of 565 medical and health institutions in Sanya, including 18 general hospitals, 2 Chinese medicine hospitals, 1 integrated traditional and western medicine hospital, 9 specialized hospitals, 18 community health service centers (stations), 10 township hospitals, 320 clinics, clinics, infirmaries, 70 outpatient departments, and 102 village clinics.11 professional public health institutions.Among them, there are 5 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 1 Center for Prevention and Treatment of Skin and Venereal Diseases and Mental Health, 1 Sanya Phoenix International Airport Medical Emergency Center, 1 Sanya Health Education Institute, etc.There are 4 other health institutions, including one Sanya Leprosy Prevention and Treatment Center and one Hainan Ruinuo Hemodialysis Center.
By the end of 2022, there are 5160 beds in medical and health institutions in Sanya, and the total number of health personnel in Sanya is 10367.The total cost of medical and health institutions was 3625.905 million yuan, an increase of 192.234 million yuan over the previous year.In 2022, the city's medical and health institutions will have 4719859 person times of diagnosis and treatment, 874184 person times less than the previous year (down 15.63%).In 2022, the average number of visits to medical and health institutions will be 4.43.The utilization rate of hospital beds in medical and health institutions in Sanya City was 57.12%.[76]
By the end of 2022, there are 10 health centers, 144 beds and 831 health workers (including 694 health technicians) in 4 administrative regions and one Yucai Ecological Area in Sanya.There are 102 village clinics in 92 administrative villages in the city, and the coverage rate of village clinics reaches 100%.[76]
Sports
In 2023, Sanya will win 333 medals in sports and sports competitions, including 118 gold medals, 104 silver medals and 111 bronze medals.[84]
social security
In 2023, there will be 485808 people actually insured by the basic endowment insurance for urban employees in Sanya, an increase of 39066 people;302984 people participated in industrial injury insurance, an increase of 9229 people;The actual number of urban and rural residents participating in the endowment insurance was 241600, an increase of 5483.The urban and rural minimum living security population is 3827, and the actual amount of the minimum living security fund is 21.0655 million yuan.The minimum living standard in urban and rural areas is 700 yuan per person per month.There is one social welfare home with 63 beds.
In 2023, Sanya will complete the investment in affordable housing (including 3.291 billion yuan of affordable commercial housing). Construction of 5000 affordable housing units will start, including 5000 affordable housing units. 4273 affordable housing units will be completed, all of which are affordable housing units. The construction area will be 640000 square meters, including 640000 square meters of affordable housing units.[84]
Transportation
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summary
In 2022, the passenger volume of Sanya will reach 10.123 million person times, down 30.6% from the previous year;The freight volume was 4.665 million tons, down 13.0%.The passenger turnover volume was 5.34 billion person kilometers, down 49.6%;The turnover of goods was 594 million ton kilometers, down 21.7%.The passenger throughput of Phoenix Airport was 9.5143 million person times, down 42.8%.Among them, 4.777 million people entered the port, down 42.5%.Flight 73944 at Phoenix Airport, down 35%.[64]
highway
The main expressways in Sanya include the roundabout expressway andTongsan ExpresswayEtc.
Railway
West Ring: The West Ring Railway was built in the 1940s and was destroyed by wind disasters.On December 5, 2004, Guangdong Hainan Railway passenger transport was opened, and the first cross sea passenger train (Haikou Guangzhou) K408/407 was officially opened in Chinese railway history.The current Guangdong Hainan Railway is the West Ring Railway. The West Ring Railway has opened five passenger trains to the sea, namely Sanya West Beijing, Haikou South Shanghai, Haikou Changsha, Haikou Xi'an and Haikou East Chengdu.The new Hainan West Ring Railway is 345km long with a total investment of 27.1 billion yuan. The construction of the whole line was started in September 2013, and the track was officially laid on December 18, 2014. It is expected to reach the opening conditions by the end of 2015.The railway starts from Haikou in the north, along the western coast of the island, and passes throughChengmai, LingaoDanzhou、Changjiang、east、Ledong6 cities and counties, reaching Sanya in the south, are designed as Class I, double track, electrified mixed passenger and freight railway, with a design speed of 200 km/h, and 16 stations are set along the whole line (Haikou and Sanya are existing stations).
In May 2016, the train diagram was adjusted and a pair of Changchun Sanya passenger trains were added.At 17:05 on May 15, 2016, the Z384 starts from Changchun, passing through 27 stations, and arrives at Sanya Station at 21:25 on May 17;At 6:30 on May 18, 2016, the Z386 train left Sanya Station, arrived at Haikou Station at 10:49, left Haikou Station at 11:20, and arrived at Changchun Station at 11:43 on May 20. The travel time was about 52 hours.
East Ring: The East Ring Railway is 308km long, with an investment of 20.2 billion yuan. It was officially opened on December 30, 2010Haikou Meilan Airport、God of Literature, QionghaiBoao、Wanning, Lingshui and other stations directly to Sanya, with full operation[7]It takes about 2 hours.Sanya Haikou is open to the east. The first train departs at 7:00 and the last train departs at 22:00. On weekdays, 22 pairs of round-trip multiple units will run. The frequency will be increased according to the situation in holidays.At the same time, the submarine tunnel is being planned.
shipping
The city of Sanya
Sanya issea townSince ancient times, local people have depended on fishing and shipping for a living. The port is naturally a big window of Sanya. From Yulin Port to Sanya Port, Sanya has witnessed the development of shipping in Sanya.
aviation
Sanya Phoenix International AirportLocated 26 kilometers to the west of Sanya, it is one of the major transportation airports in China, undertaking the important task of Sanya's access to China and even the world.Sanya Phoenix International Airport, IATA code SYX, is located in Fenghuang Village, Yanglan Town, northwest of Sanya City, Hainan Island, Hainan Province, about 14 kilometers east of Sanya downtown, and 5 kilometers west of the Tianya Haijiao tourist scenic spot.Sanya Phoenix International Airport was completed in June 1994 and officially opened to navigation on July 1.[8]
Public transportation
rail transit
Sanya Tram Demonstration LineThe initial and final stations are Sanya Railway Station and Jiangang Road, which only takes about 35 minutes for a one-way trip. The stations passing by are Sanya Railway Station, Yuxiu Road Station, Fenghuang Road Station, Shuicheng Road Station, Sanya Hedong Road Station, Jiefang Road Station, Jinjiling Street Station, Youyi Street Station, Yingbin Road Station, Jixiang Street Station, Tuanjie Street Station, Xinfeng Street Station, Guangming Street Station, Yuejin Street Station, and Jiangang Road Station.The demonstration line is the first tram line promoted by PPP mode in China, and also the first urban rail transit line in Hainan Province. It was officially started in July 2016, with a total length of 8.37 kilometers. There are 15 stations along the line, and the demonstration line uses the one ticket system of 3 yuan/person time.[9]
Historical culture
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Sanya, known as Yazhou in ancient times, has a long history with outstanding people.In October 1992 and November of the next year, archaeologists found the Sanya Man Site ten thousand years ago in the Luobi Cave in Sanya, which is the earliest known human settlement site in Hainan Island and the southernmost site of China's Paleolithic culture so far, advancing the history of Hainan people by two to three thousand years.As early as the first year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (110 BC), Sanya was listed in the territory of China.Sanya has been called "the ends of the earth" since ancient times because it is far away from the imperial capital and is isolated from overseas. However, dating back to 1400 years since the Sui and Tang dynasties, its political, economic, cultural and other links with the Central Plains have never been interrupted.It was once the Tang Muyi of Madam Xian of the State of Qiao in the Sui Dynasty;The place where the great monk Jianzhen of the Tang Dynasty drifted ashore and preached;In the Tang and Song Dynasties, seven famous ministers and officials were demoted to Sanya.People in uniform from the south of the Central Plains objectively played a role in promoting education in the local area, leaving many historic cultural relics, and settling the splendid historical and cultural foundation of Sanya.According to historical research, as far as the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties were concerned, Sanya's economy had preliminary development, and the cotton textile industry took the lead in the country. The story of Huang Daopo learning textile technology from local Li women in her early years is a historical witness.During the Ming Dynasty, Zhong Fang, one of the three stars in Qiongzhou, a great scholar in Lingnan, also emerged.Sanya's intangible cultural heritage resources are rich and widely distributed.Li's firewood dancing and Yacheng folk songs were included in the national intangible cultural heritage protection project records in 2006, 7 items such as Li's original pottery were included in the provincial intangible cultural heritage protection project list in 2007 and 2009, and 11 items such as drilling wood to make fire were included in the municipal intangible cultural heritage protection project records.[6]
Li brocade: It generally includes cross stitch, embroidery, tie dyeing (formerly known as kink dyeing), batik and other national crafts.In Li villages in Hainan, you can see the embroidery works of Li women, such as tube skirts, tops, hats, flower hats, flower ribbons, chest pendants, aprons, hanging bags, dragon quilts and wall hangings.《Later Han Dynasty·Biography of Southern Barbarians records:“Martial EmperorAt the end of the year (87 BC), Sun Xing, the governor of the Pearl Cliff Kuaiji, sent out a wide range of offerings. He was unbearable, so he attacked and killed the prefecture. "At that time, the through head coat worn by the Li people was made of wide cloth.This cloth isLi nationalityIt is made by women using wild kapok.
Miao diet：Three color riceIt is a special food of Miao nationality, made of mountain fence glutinous rice, etc.Usually inThe third day of the third lunar monthDuring the festival, every family in Miao village makes it.Three color rice was originally five color rice. Five color rice was red, yellow, blue, white, and black. All of them were mixed in mountain fence glutinous rice with unique plant juice as a natural pigment and steamed in a special wooden steamer.Five color rice is colorful, fragrant and delicious. It is a cool food for appetizing and eliminating fire.Now, five color rice has been changed to three color rice, including red, yellow and black, which are taken from fresh riceRed sunflower、Zingiber officinaleandTriangular maplejuice.Drinking is a life custom of Miao men, who usually drink less, and drink a lot during festivals or when entertaining guests.They generally do not advise people to drink as much as they can.Wine is brewed at home. All Miao families know how to make wine and have wine making tools.
Religion: Sanya has three religious sects, namely BuddhismIslamismChristianity.There are 11466 religious believers in Sanya.Among them: 550 Buddhist believers, 66 monks and 86 lay people;3200 Christian believers, 1 priest;7716 Islamic believers, including 33 imams.There are nine places for religious activities approved and registered by the government: First, Nanshan Temple of Buddhism;Second, Islammosque6 places: South Temple, Nankai Temple, Ancient Temple, Beida Temple, West TempleToji ；The third is two Christian churches: Hongsha Church and Nanbiaohai Fishing Village Church.
famous scenery
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Name of scenic spot
Introduction to Scenic Area
Landscape map
Yalong Bay National Resort
Yalong Bay is located 28 kilometers southeast of Sanya, the tropical coastal tourist city at the southernmost tip of China. It is a half moon shaped bay at the southernmost tip of Hainan, with a total length of about 7.5 kilometers. It is one of the famous scenic spots in Hainan.Yalong Bay beach stretches for 7 kilometers and is gentle and wide, and the shallow sea area is 50-60 meters wide.The visibility is 7-9 meters.There are coral reefs, various tropical fish, precious shellfish, etc. in the underwater world.The annual average temperature is 25.5 ° C, and the sea water temperature is 22-25.1 ° C. It can swim all the year round and is known as the "No.1 Bay in the World".
Yalong Bay
Tianya Haijiao Scenic Spot
The ends of the earth are locatedTianya DistrictAt the foot of Maling Mountain, it is about 26 kilometers away from Sanya urban area.Its front sea and back mountain have unique scenery.Stepping into the tourist area, the pair of green and gray boulders on the beach, which are more than 10 meters high and more than 60 meters long, stand out.The two stones are engraved with the words "Tianya" and "Haijiao", meaning the edge of the sky and the end of the sea.The ends of the earth got its name from this.
the remotest corners of the globe
Nanshan Cultural Tourism Zone
Nanshan Cultural Tourism Area, facing the South China Sea, is located 20 kilometers southwest of Sanya, a tropical coastal city at the southern end of Hainan Island, China. It is the southernmost mountain in China.Nanshan has always been called the land of good fortune.According to Buddhist classics, the Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, who saved the suffering and saved the suffering, made twelve wishes in order to save all living beings, the second of which was the wish to stay in the South China Sea.Master Jianzhen, a famous monk in the Tang Dynasty, failed to make five eastward trips to Japan in order to promote Buddhism. He drifted to Nanshan for the fifth time, lived here for one and a half years, built a Buddhist temple, preached Buddhism, and then made his sixth eastward trip to Japan.Konghai, the first Japanese monk to send a Tang monk, also landed in China here to stop and preach.
Luhuitou Peak Park is located on a seaside hill 3 kilometers south of Sanya City, stretching toSouth China SeaIt looks like a deer.It faces the sea on three sides and is famous for its beautiful myths and legends.The main peak is 275.1 meters above sea level.Luhuitou Peak has been built into a beautiful mountaintop park, and according to this beautiful legend, a huge statue 12 meters high, 9 meters long and 4.9 meters wide has been carved on the mountain.Sanya is also known as Lucheng.
West IslandTortoise IslandXimao Island, located in Sanya Bay National Nature Reserve, covers an area of 2.8 square kilometers and has a population of more than 3000. It has been fishing for generations. It is the second largest island in Hainan Province after Dazhou Island.
Luobi Cave is one of the eight scenic spots in Sanya.It is located in Lizhigou, Sanya, about 15 kilometers away from Sanya urban area.The cave is a natural limestone cave on a unique mountain peak in Yinling.The portal is about 12 meters high, 9 meters wide, and 18 meters deep. The roof of the cave gradually rises about 22 meters.In the middle of the hole, there are two stalactites hanging.It is said that in ancient times, the tip of a pen was dripping with water. If a person could catch the water, he would be quick in writing and writing, or become rich and prolong his life.Several large flat stones on the ground at the bottom of the cave are shaped like inkstones. It is said that this is a brush and inkstone used by immortals, hence the name of Luobi Cave.
Sanya National Coral Reef Nature Reserve
In September 1990, Sanya National Coral Reef Nature Reserve was approved by the State Council to establish a national marine type nature reserve, which is located in the south coast of Sanya City, Hainan Province, and the sea area around the island.The main protected objects are reef building corals, non reef building corals, coral reefs and their ecosystems and biodiversity.
Large and small caverns
The big and small caves (the original Haishan Wonderful Scenic Spot, known as Aoshan Big and Small Caves in ancient times) are located on the seashore 40 kilometers west of Sanya City, with a total area of 22.5 square kilometers and a history of more than 800 years.The large and small cave scenic spots are known as the first scenic spots in Qiongya for their beautiful seascape, mountain scenery and stone scenery.
Small Cave
Haitang Bay
Haitang Bay is located at the junction of Haitang District of Sanya City and Yingzhou Town, Lingshui Li Autonomous County. Due to the administrative division, a complete bay was originally divided into two parts. Half of the bay within Sanya was named Haitang Bay, and the half of the bay within Lingshui was named Tufu Bay. This side of Sanya is called Haitang Bay.The total length of the two half bay shorelines is 25km.
Wuzhizhou Island Resort
Wuzhizhou Island is located in Haitang Bay in the north of Sanya City, 2.7 kilometers away from Linwang Houhai Village in Sanya, facing Monkey Island in Nanwan in the north, Yalong Bay, known as the best bay in the world in the south, 30 kilometers away from the center of Sanya, 38 kilometers away from Sanya Phoenix International Airport, and close to Hainan Eastern Expressway, with convenient transportation.
Yazhou Ancient City
Yazhou Ancient City is located in Yazhou District, Sanya (formerlyYacheng Town）, which is more than 40 kilometers away from the urban area.Since the Song Dynasty, states, prefectures and counties have all been located here.[10]
Tourist attractions: within the jurisdiction of Yacheng, there are famousNanshan Cultural Tourism Zone(Locals call it Nanshan Temple), Sanya Large and Small Cave Scenic Area (Small Cave)Yacheng Confucius TempleAnd other famous scenic spots.
Yazhou Ancient City
Yemeng Corridor
Sanya Bay Binhai Avenue - Yemeng Corridor is connected to Sanya urban area with convenient transportation.The beach slope is gentle, the curve is beautiful, and the sea water is clear to the bottom.It can avoid cold in winter and cool in summer. It is an international winter resort characterized by tropical marine scenery, Chinese traditional culture and southern ethnic customs.
Hainan Yanoda Rainforest Cultural Tourism Area is a national AAAAA tourist area and a national industrial demonstration base of the Ministry of Culture.The scenic spot is located 35 kilometers away from the suburb of Sanya. It belongs to Yanoda Rainforest Cultural Tourism Zone, and is located in the tropical rainforest at 18 degrees north latitude.
Sanya Haichang Dream Ocean Sleepless City
Sanya Haichang Dream Ocean Sleepless City is a key tourism project in Hainan Province. The first phase covers an area of 232500 square meters.The project as a whole covers cultural tourism, leisure vacation, entertainment experience, innovative business and other forms of business. With the theme of the Maritime Silk Road, eight major theme areas have been built, including Haitang Bay, African Sea, Persian Gulf, Bay of Bengal, Java Sea, South China Sea, waterfront promenade and Dream Ocean Theater, 13 major entertainment projects, 2 major theater shows, more than 50 global style performances, 8 major theme restaurantsAt present, there are more than 50 specialty restaurants and more than 30 theme commodity stores, as well as more than 280 kinds of marine organisms, such as sea lions, walruses, dolphins, etc.[11]
The main ingredient of braised plum ginseng in brown sauce is watered plum ginseng, and the main ingredients are rape and lark mushrooms.Cut the soaked plum ginseng in half from the middle, scald it through with boiling water, and then control the water.Cooked by the chef, it is served with fresh lark mushrooms. It tastes tender, smooth and sweet. It has the effect of nourishing yin and kidney, and strengthening the immune system.
Brown Sugar Rice Cake
Brown Sugar Rice CakeIt used to be the food eaten by Sanya people during the Spring Festival, but now there are sales stalls in various farmers' markets in Sanya.The glutinous rice noodles are steamed with brown sugar. They are soft, sticky and have the special flavor of brown sugar. They are very popular with girls.
Sweet and sour powder
Sanya has a lot of flour snacks, but not many salad snacks, of which sweet and sour flour is a common one.The slippery vermicelli are made of sweet potato powder. Several white and soft rice cakes and it form the main ingredient of sweet and sour powder. The yellow pineapple pieces and red carrot silk match each other. Of course, the acidity of pineapple and the unique sweetness of carrots are perfectly combined.Stir fried peanuts, pickled cucumber shreds, and dried radish serve as finishing touches, making the sweet and sour powder more delicious.The marinade for cold dressing is a mixture of brown sugar water and rice vinegar.
Three color rice of Miao family
Three color riceIt is the most distinctive food of Miao nationality, and is made of several packages of mountain orchid glutinous rice, mulberry leaves, red and blue rattan leaves, yellow ginger, coconut milk, and small mountain palm leaves.
The crunchy rice candy
Take glutinous rice and japonica rice and use coarse sand to infiltrate into an iron pot and stir fry them to produce rice flower;Mix it with thick brown sugar water evenly, place it on the large long board surrounded by small boards on four sides, compact it, add red thick sugar juice to pave the surface, and cut it into pieces for eating after it is cool and dry;It can also be used for boiling water, and eaten after cooling.
Ginger Sugar Dumplings
Select local high-quality glutinous rice, soak it for 1 hour, pick it up and dry it, grind it into fine powder with a stone mill, and press it evenly into small pieces of flour;Use high-quality peanuts, sesame, coconut shreds to pound into small pieces, infiltrate pink sugar, and wrap them with powder pieces to form a round dumpling with the size of your thumb;Add some ginger slices into the boiling water of an iron pan, and the dumplings can be picked up 15 minutes after being put into the pan;Serve in a bowl and add some ginger syrup.
Famous people
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Famous people
character
Birth and death
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Jianzhen
688—763
A monk of Tang Dynasty in China, a descendant of Nanshan Buddhism, the founder of Japanese Buddhism, and a famous physician.Jianzhen traveled to Japan six times in his life to spread Buddhism.In the seventh year of Tianbao era (748), Jian Zhen led monks and sailors to set out from Chongfu Temple in Fuzhou and set out eastward again.In the East Sea, the big ship was hit by the strong north wind. It drifted for 14 days to see the land, and then it could go ashore after 16 days. It was found that it had drifted to Zhenzhou (now Sanya, Hainan) and settled in the Dayun Temple.Jianzhen stayed in Hainan for a year, bringing a lot of Central Plains culture and medical knowledge to the local area.Now Sanya still has relics of truth appreciation, such as Sutra Hill and caves of different sizes.
Huang Daopo
About 1245-1330
Also known as Huangpo or Huangmu, he was a famous cotton spinner in the late Song and early Yuan dynasties.Because of the teaching of advanced textile technology and the promotion of advanced textile tools, it is respected by the people.In the Qing Dynasty, it was honored as the ancestor of cloth industry.[12]
Zhong Fang
1476—1544
The word Zhongshi, Zhongshi, is called Junxi.OriginQiongshan County, was born in Yazhou Gaoshan Institute (now Shuinan Village, Yacheng, Yazhou District, Sanya City, Hainan Province).He once served as Jixun, Kaogong, Tongzhi and Zhifu of Zhangzhou Prefecture.His works cover politics, economy, culture, medicine, military and other fields, and he is known as the great Confucianist of Ling and Hai who is the successor of Zhuang and Xia.
Chen Yingcai
1894—1940
His real name is Qixian, a native of Zundao Village (now Yacheng, Sanya City), the first district of Yaxian County, Hainan Province.Born in a farmer's family in Zundao Village, Chen Yingcai ranks third with three brothers.His family was poor since he was young and was raised by his cousin.In his teens, he studied at the No. 1 High School in Yaxian County, and later went to Qiongya Middle School in Fucheng.He is endowed with intelligence, versatility, mathematics, poetry and prose, calligraphy and painting are even more excellent, and he can draw hundreds of bees with different styles.In addition, he is tough, straightforward, selfless and fearless. He is deeply loved by the masses. He ranks third at home and is called Zhige.
He Shaoyao
1908—1941
Born in Baoping Village, Ya County, after the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, he actively organized the masses to participate in the anti Japanese and national salvation struggle and served as the organizing member of Ya County Party Committee.In order to better combat the Japanese army, he pawned his property to buy guns and helped Wu Bingming establish an anti Japanese army.Later, he took two soldiers to Yacheng to spy on the enemy. The Japanese found him surrounded in the sugar cane garden in the east of Shuinan Village. He covered the two soldiers and died after they broke through.
Chen Shixun
1894—1941
A native of Chengxi Village, Yacheng Town, was admitted to Guangdong Industrial College after graduating from middle school.During this period, he joined the Communist Party of China and became one of the early members of Yaxian County.After returning to his hometown from Guangzhou, he often called some progressive young people to his home to preach revolutionary principles and teach revolutionary songs such as the Internationale.Chen Shixun and a group of people were arrested by the Japanese army and killed soon after because of the traitors' betrayal.He was 47 years old.
Liao Shujin
1923—1974
Born in Shuinan Village, Ya County (now Sanya City).After the July 7th Incident, she resolutely joined the Ya County Anti Japanese Propaganda Team organized by the Communist Party members and progressive young students Chen Guofeng, Chen Qiubian, etc., took to the streets, went deep into the countryside, and publicized the principles of resistance against Japan and saving the country.After the liberation of Hainan Island, Liao Shujin served as the deputy director of Ya County Women's Federation.We will mobilize women to participate in the vigorous campaigns of eliminating bandits, combating hegemonism, land reform, and resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea.Later, he took the post of Deputy Director of the Federation of Autonomous Prefecture.He died in March 1974 at the age of 51.
Lin Qingchi
1907—1989
Various nicknames, Chongkai, HainanYaxian CountyYacheng Town(Now Yazhou District, Sanya City) Gongbei Village.One of the early Communists in Yaxian County.Take the lead in educating families to actively support the resistance against Japan and help the troops tide over difficulties.Suffering from severe destruction by the enemy;Father, mother and wife were killed by the Japanese army, sister and cousin died in the battle, property was looted and houses were demolished.In the Anti Japanese War, he served as the director of Yagan Lian County Office, the deputy county head of the anti Japanese democratic government of Changgan Yalian County, and the head of the supervision team of Dan County Border Region.During the War of Liberation, he served as the temporary committee member of the Southern District, the standing committee member of the Southern District Local Party Committee, the secretary of Ya County Party Committee and the head of Ya County.In 1958, he was falsely accused of being a localist and was transferred to the post of Deputy Director of Foshan Municipal Bureau of Transportation. During the Cultural Revolution, he was criticized for his bad luck.He died in 1989 after he was rehabilitated and left office.
Annual Sustainable Development Low Carbon City Award
The 12th World Low Carbon Cities Alliance Conference
May 2017[16]
2017 Top 200 Charming Cities with Chinese Characteristics
World Cities World Enterprise Research Association, etc
December 2017[17]
2017 World Top 200 Charming Cities
World Cities World Enterprise Research Association, etc
December 2017[18]
Visit 100 cities in China in 2018
Northwest China Tourism Marketing Conference
April 2018[19]
The 15th best tourist destination city in China in 2018
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December 2018[20]
Pilot city of national urban medical consortium construction
National Health Commission, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
August 2019[21]
The fourth batch of pilot areas for home and community elderly care service reform supported by the central finance
Ministry of Civil Affairs, Ministry of Finance
August 2019[22]
The third batch of demonstration cities for urban black and odorous water treatment
treasury department
October 2019
The 18th in the top 100 prefecture level cities in China and the 3rd in the top 100 green competitiveness of Chinese cities[23]Top 100 in the overall well-off index of prefecture level cities in China in 2019[24]、List of Top 100 Chinese City Brands in 2019eighteenth[25]Advanced city in the middle of the seventh five-year plan[26]
National Law Popularization Office
November 2019[27]
No. 3 in the list of top 50 health care cities in China in 2019[28]
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December 2019
China Urban Science and Technology Innovation Development Index 2019 100th, 2020 Hurun to Shangyoupin · Favorite Domestic Tourism Destination[29]
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January 2020[30]
National sports consumption pilot cities
State Administration of Sports
August 2020[31]
National Model City of Double Support in 2020
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October 2020[32]
Ranking 48th in 2020 China Tourism Cities Ranking
National Bureau of Statistics, National Tourism Administration, etc
October 2020[36]
The first batch of national culture and tourism consumption pilot cities[33]
Ministry of Culture and Tourism, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Finance
December 2020
Top 100 brand cities in prefecture level cities of China
China City Brand Evaluation Project Team and People's Daily are affiliated to China City Newspaper
May 2021[37]
National Labor Education Experimental Zone for Primary and Secondary Schools
ministry of education
May 14, 2021[39]
The fourth batch of national public cultural service system demonstration areas
Ministry of Culture and Tourism
May 31, 2021[40]
The second batch of national demonstration cities for comprehensive reform of public hospitals
The Secretariat of the Leading Group for Medical Reform under the State Council, the National Health Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
June 20219th[41]
In the first half of 2021, China's top ten cities with comfortable environment ranked fifth
Sohu City, together with Shanghai Qingyue Data, Shanghai Institute of Spatial Planning and Design, and Fudan University Spatial Planning Research Center
September 2021[43]
Healthy China's annual landmark city
The First Health China Promotion Action and Annual Index Release Conference
October 17, 2021[45]
Model City for Healthy City Construction in All Provinces in 2020
National Aiwei Office
December 2021[50]
National Health City in 2021
National Patriotic Health Campaign Committee
February 2022[52]
No waste city during the 14th Five Year Plan period
Ministry of Ecological Environment
April 2022[54]
The first batch of pilot areas for rapid handling of intellectual property disputes in China
State Intellectual Property Office
June 2022[57]
Selected into the list of key cities for waste material recycling system construction
National Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China
August 2022[59-60]
2021 National Model City for Healthy City Construction
National Aiwei Office
November 2022[61]
Hainan Forest City
Hainan Provincial Forestry Bureau
November 2022[62]
The second batch of basic education comprehensive reform experimental areas of the Ministry of Education
ministry of education
December 2022[63]
The 11th Hainan Double Support Model City
CPC Hainan Provincial Committee, Hainan Provincial People's Government, Hainan Military Region
July 19, 2023[67]
The best city
Sanya
Coastal tourist city in the southernmost part of China
The first batch of national ecological demonstration cities in China
Chinese cities with the highest ratio of tourism revenue to GDP (79% in 2000)
The city with the longest sunshine duration in China (more than 300 days in Sanya)
Cities with the best air quality in China
The city with the most suitable annual average temperature in China (the annual average temperature is about 25 ℃)
The most beautiful bay in China: Sanya Bay
China's Best City for Human Settlements
China's Preferred Tourist Resort Destination
The largest and best diving base in China
International best health city
Longest life zone in China (80 years on average)
China has the first five-star resort hotel - Gloria Yalong Bay Resort
China's first Miss World finals venue
The world's largest golden and jade Buddha statue -- Nanshan Golden and Jade Avalokitesvara
The world's largest inkstone -- the best dragon inkstone in the world
The first city to hold the World Taijiquan Health Conference[34]
Top 100 in the overall well-off index of Chinese cities[35]
