Qu Xielu Lake (pseudonym:Hiragama：Kussharo-ko），JapanHokkaidoEastern lakes,Ahan National ParkA part of.It covers an area of 79.7 square kilometers, with 57 surrounding areaskilometre。It is half moon shaped.The water depth is generally 40m, and the deepest is 117.5m.The water level is 121 meters above sea level.The surface water temperature in summer is 20 ℃.There are many rivers flowing in, and the lake water flows out from Kushirokawa.Strong acidity, not suitable for fish life.In the middle of the lake, there is a middle island with an altitude of 355 meters, covering an area of 5.7 square kilometers, and 12 kilometers aroundDouble volcano。The lake water is mostly used to transport wood.In the center of the lake is Japan's largest island in the lake (5.7km2 in area and 12km in perimeter).
Located in Akhan National Park, Quxielu Lake is the second largest lake in Hokkaido, second only to the Ape Jianhu Lake.It is the largest crater lake in Japan, with an area of about 80 square kilometers and a perimeter of about 57 kilometers.The hot springs pouring from the ground fill the neighborhood with hot air, and also add many outdoor hot springs around the lake shore.Because it is a crater lake formed by volcanic eruption, the lake water is acidic. There are almost no fish living in the lake. The lake water is very clear and clean, showing crystal clear blue, which is amazing.Nakajima, floating in the center of the lake, is the largest freshwater lake island in Japan, with a circumference of 12km and an area of 5.7k ㎡.The name of the lake comes from the Ainu word "kuttyaro", which means "where the lake becomes a river".It is also popular for camping, yachting, windsurfing and other water sports, fishing, hot spring bathing, etc.In winter, the lake will freeze, but due to the high geothermal energy, some of the ice will melt, so 400~500 swans will rest here every year to feast the eyes of tourists.
Quxielu Lake is the sixth largest lake in Japan, with an average water depth of 28.4m. It is located in the caldera Quxielu caldera. Surrounded by Zaoqin Mountain, and other mountains, it is about 29 kilometers wide from east to west and 20 kilometers long from south to north. It is the largest caldera lake in Japan and the second largest caldera lake in the world.Although Quxielu Lake is a shallow crater lake, the deepest water in the old crater area in the southeast is close to 120 meters.
Several small rivers flow in nearby, and Kushirokawa flows out at the south end.However, the water inflow from rivers only accounts for about 20% of the total water flow of the lake, and the rest of the water flows from underground to the bottom of the lake.There is an island called Nakajima in the middle of the lake, with an area of 5.7 square kilometers and a circumference of 12 kilometers, which is the largest Nakajima in Japan.Nakajima itself is a self dual volcano. The central karst dome is the highest point of Nakajima, 355 meters high.
There is a peninsula called Heqin Peninsula on the south bank.Like Nakajima, the Heqin Peninsula was once an island in a lake formed by volcanoes. Later, with the expansion of the alluvial plain in Weizha Buchuan, sandbanks were created and connected with the land to form a continental island.
Volcanic activity has been around Quxielu Lake since 1 million years ago, and Zaoqin Mountain in the north is the peak generated by volcanic activity in that year.The volcano began to erupt about 340000 years ago, and the largest eruption occurred about 120000 years agoashAlmost coveredSapporoHokkaido area to the east.Quxielu Lake was formed about 30000 years ago, and there has been no large-scale eruption enough to form a caldera since then.
The area of Quxielu Lake in the early days was about twice as large as that of today, and the shape of the lake was almost circular.However, 30000 years ago, due to theSulfur Yellow MountainThe eruption of the karst dome group made the southeast part of Quxielu Lake become a land, forming the shape now similar to beans.
stayEdo Period Quxielu Lake is recorded as "クスリトーー" in the map and exploration materials ofAinuChinese means hot spring and medicine lake.Later, because there was a village named "クッチャャ" near the source of the Kushirokawa River, the name was changed to the current "Quxielu Lake".
Due to the inflow of strong acidic (pH value is about 2) hot spring water from the sulfur yellow mountain and Chuantang hot spring in the northeast of Quxielu Lake, the pH value of all Quxielu Lake is about 5, which is an acidic lake and is not suitable for fish.
Quxielu Lake was rich in fish in the past.stayEdo Period At the end of 1858 (the fifth year of Anzheng), when Wusirang Matsuura passed through the lake, there were far eastern hucho fishZhuxing Three piece Fish, red trout, etc.According to the survey in 1917 (the 6th year of Dazheng's reign), apart from the Far East Hucho fish, Zhuxing three piece fishSalvelinus leucomaenis In addition to the survival of sakura trout, corydalis, tristicklebackSalmonGo upstream.There are many phytoplankton in the water, and water plants such as Vallisneria angustifolia and Potamogeton are living there.It is hard to imagine that it is an acid lake.
This situation changed in 1929 (Showa 4).In this year, many fish disappeared or only appeared in local areas, and aquatic plants became very rare.The pH value of the lake surface changes to 4.9 to 5.1, showing acidity.Since then, although the acidity has weakened for a period of time, the number of fish has also recovered.In May 1938 (Showa 13), affected by the earthquake on the crooked road, salt sulfate was ejected from the bottom of the lake, the pH value of the lake water changed to about 4, and almost all fish died.As a result, Qu Xielu Lake now has no fishery rights.In recent years, the acidity of the lake water has decreased, and the released rainbow trout has survived.
In addition, Heqin Peninsula is the northernmost habitat of cicadas.In 1951, "the place where the cicada sings in the daytime with the harmonica" became the national designated natural memorial in Japan.Some swans also fly to Quxielu Lake, where they live.
legend
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Qu Xie Lu Hu
According to the legend of Ainu, ancient heroes once captured a hugeSalvelinus leucomaenis Then tie it to the mountain.The irascible salmon broke the mountain peak and formed the Nakajima.
In the 1950s (1975-1985) of Showa, many people witnessed the images of huge objects swimming on the lake and waves rising on the lake without reason.Rumors that there are huge unknown creatures living in Quxielu Lake were reported on TV.This water monster is namedKusch。However, due to the strong acidity of the water in Quxielu Lake, it is difficult to have large aquatic organisms here.
hot spring
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Because Qu Xielu Lake is located involcanoZone, there are many nearbyvolcanoandhot spring。In some lakeshore areas, hot springs will emerge soon after excavation.This landscape is calledSand soupIt is a famous tourist spot of Quxielu Lake.In addition, under the influence of volcanic activity, hot springs also erupt from the bottom of Ziqu Xielu Lake.The main hot springs near Quxielu Lake include Renfu Hot Spring, Heqin Hot Spring, Sanxiang Hot Spring and Shatang Hot Spring.
