Residential area, also known as "residential area", is a complete residential area that is divided by urban roads and natural branches (such as rivers) and is not crossed by trunk roads.A complete set of professional service facilities and management organizations at the grass-roots level that can meet the daily needs of residents are generally set up in residential areas.
The residential area refers to a relatively closed and independent residential group or residential area that has been built and put into use according to the unified urban planning, has reached a certain scale, and has complete infrastructure.The residential district is a mode of living for people in modern cities and towns, which is in line with the existing production level and people's living standard, but it is not the only and ideal residential mode. In the future, with the further development of productivity and the further improvement of people's living standard, it may be replaced by new residential places.
Residential areas generally refer to residential areas with different population sizes and especially those enclosed by urban trunk roads or natural boundaries, which are suitable for the population size (30000~50000 people) and have relatively complete public service facilities that can meet the material and cultural needs of residents in the area.
A residential area, generally referred to as a community, refers to a residential community that is enclosed by urban roads or natural boundaries, adapts to the size of the residential population (10000 to 15000 people), and has public service facilities that can meet the basic material and cultural needs of residents in the area.
Residential clusters, generally called clusters, refer to residential communities that are separated by small rivers and roads, adapt to the size of the residential population (1000~3000 people), and have basic public service facilities required by residents.
The residential area (including residential area and residential cluster) that is comprehensively developed and constructed according to the unified urban planning to reach a certain scale and has complete infrastructure is called residential area.
classification
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There are many indicators for the classification of modern urban housingNumber of layersClassified into: low rise housing (courtyard housing), multi-storey housingHigh-rise residential（Super high-rise residence）；
According to the classification of the main materials selected for the load-bearing structure of residential buildings, they can be divided into: mixed structure residential buildings (brick wood, block, brick concrete, steel concrete), large formwork structure residential buildings (cast-in-situ internal and external walls, cast-in-situ internal wallsExternal wall hanging plate, internal wall cast-in-situ external wall brick masonry)Frame light slab residenceSimple structure residence（Strike a base, raw wood structure, arch structure, bamboo wood structure, debris structure, light steel structure);
ResidentialPlane layoutClassification: point type (pier type, tower type) residence, strip type (plate type) residence;
According to the purpose and function of residence, it can be divided into:Ordinary residence, youth housing, elderly housing, disabled housing, villa housing (courtyard housing).
characteristic
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（1） Single living function, relatively closed and independent
The biggest feature of the residential area is that the residential function is single, the area is relatively closed and independent, and the residents live together.All facilities in the community are designed and constructed for the convenience of residents living in the community. The community does not include other urban functions such as social material production, which is convenient for management and service, and is convenient for improving the living conditions and level of urban residents.
（2） High population density and complex population structure
The building density in the residential area is large, forming the characteristics of high population density and complex population structure in the residential area.Community residents live in the community in the form of families. The population structure is divided by age and can cover all age stages of the population.From the perspective of economic income, educational level, occupational scope and other aspects, the population structure of residential areas includes all areas of society.Such a complex and large population is relatively closed, concentrated and lives together for a long time.They interact to form unique“community culture”And form a unique humanistic environment.
（3） Diversified housing property rights and socialized common facilities
housing reformLater, the houses in the residential area were basically purchased by individual residents of the residential area, and the property rights were owned by individual residents.Individual residents' enjoyment of housing with their own property rightsPossession、Disposal power(including sale, lease, mortgage, gift, inheritance) and other rights within the scope permitted by law.A residential area is composed of many houses with individual property rights of residents, forming residential area housesDiversification of property rightsSituation.Opposite to the diversification of housing ownership in residential quarters, there is the common facilities in residential quartersSocialization。Although the property right of residential area is owned by many individual residentsDistinctive ownershipOfbuildingThe common part except the exclusive part and the public green space and common facilities of the community belong toownershareAnd form a socialized pattern of shared facilities.
（4） Unified planning and construction, complete supporting facilities
Modern urban residential quarters are all built through comprehensive planning, reasonable layout, comprehensive development and supporting construction.It is the result of joint efforts of many professionals and talents.Therefore, the planning and construction of most residential quarters are reasonable and the supporting facilities are complete.Many large residential areas are distributed with many high-rise residential buildings, large shopping centers, primary and secondary schools and many other supporting facilities for life services, organically connecting the whole area to form a residential area that is convenient, comfortable, safe and beautiful to live in.
constitute
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1. Residential facilities
The residential facilities in the residential area mainly refer to the residential houses of the residents in the residential area and the supporting power supply, water supply, gas supply, sewage, fire fighting and other equipment, as well as the public houses and supportingcommunal facilities。
(2) Building auxiliary equipment and supporting facilities
In addition to residential houses, residential quarters also include ancillary equipment and supporting municipal public facilities for water supply, drainage, heating, power supply, gas supply and other residential buildingsLiving service facilities。These supporting equipment and facilities in residential quarters are the focus of property management in residential quarters. Their maintenance and management level will directly affect the success or failure of property management in residential quarters.
The supporting equipment and facilities of residential quarters can be divided into the following categories:
1) Building water supply and drainage equipment[1]。
2) Building electrical engineering equipment, including power supply equipment, elevator equipment, communication equipmentclosed-circuit televisionEquipment, etc.
3) Building heating and heating equipment.
4) Security equipment, including safety control, anti-theft and public security, monitoring equipment, fire-fighting equipment, etc.
5) Other equipment, including road traffic facilities, parking lots (garages), decoration equipment, life services, entertainment facilities and equipment.
2. Living environment
The living environment of residential quarter includes two parts: natural environment and humanistic environment.
(1) Natural environment of residential quarters
The natural environment of a residential area refers to the ecological environment of the residential area, including the basic natural environment such as climate, hydrology and landform determined by the geographical location of the residential area, and the secondary ecological environment formed by the greening and beautification of the residential area.A good ecological environment has rich material and spiritual functions. It can not only adjust the ecological balance within the community, beautify the living environment, but also cultivate people's sentiments, eliminate fatigue, and benefit the physical and mental health of residents.Therefore, to create a beautiful, comfortable and convenient ecological environment of residential quarters is an important work of residential property management.
(2) Humanistic environment of residential quarters
The humanistic environment of residential quarters mainly refers to the social culture and spiritual civilization environment of residents in residential quarters.The residential area is a small society, and the moral cultivation, cultural quality, healthy physique and civilized behavior of residents are important factors that constitute the spiritual civilization environment of the residential area.Property service enterprisesWe should create a good community through training, education and guidanceinterpersonal relationshipAnd noble social morality, forming a good humanistic environment of the community, so that the community residents can be edified, enjoyed and improved from all aspects of body and mind.The cultural environment of residential quarters will reflect the quality of property managers, management and service levels, and also reflect the achievements of spiritual civilization construction in residential quarters. It is the most important measure of the level of property management in residential quartersindexone of.
function
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The main functions of residential quarters are as follows:
1. Residential function
Housing is the most basic for human survival and developmentMeans of subsistenceOne is human itselfreproductionThe indispensable condition of.The residence has the function of providing shelter from wind and rain and breeding for future generations. This is the most important and basic function of residential quarters. Generally, it provides various types of residences, such as ordinary residential units and villas, according to the different needs of residents.Residential communities should first provide living places and environments for urban residents, and thenbusiness, culture and educationService industry、bankPosts and telecommunications, health and other departments provide housing.Therefore, the management of residential quarters should first ensure to provide people with a comfortable, convenient and beautiful living environment.
2. Service function
The public supporting facilities in the residential area should be able to provide residents with a variety of multi-level servicesurban economy Development and comprehensive development of real estate.From the perspective of education and health projects, it includes nurseries, kindergartens, medical clinicsSanitation and epidemic prevention stationIncluding primary and secondary schools;frombusiness、Service industryFrom the perspective, it includes supermarkets, food stores, grain stores, department stores, vegetable markets, restaurants, restaurantscaféBank, post office, home appliance maintenance department, gas station, etc;From the perspective of culture, sports and entertainment service system, it includes not only bookstores, libraries, newspaper columns, but also swimming pools, recreation centers, cinemas, video rooms, Internet cafes, etc.
3. Economic function
From the perspective of social consumption, housing is the most basicMeans of subsistence, long service life and great valuecommodityTherefore, people attach great importance to its value maintenance and appreciation, and hope to have professional strength to help them manage this property.The property management of residential quarters is a kind of paid entrusted management, which reflects an exchange relationship,Property management companyprovidecontractSpecified management and service activities,ownerAnd the user must pay the correspondingcost, as the operating income of the property management company.All management services in the residential area are paid, and are also carried out in the managementHouse sales、leaseAnd other intermediary service activities, which makes property management have a business color.Therefore, the management of residential quarters is business oriented and has obvious economic functions.
4. Social function
The residents of the residential area and the various administrative, commercial, cultural and sports groups they serve, they are connected with each other and together constitute thesocial relations, forming aSocial network, influencing and restricting each other.Residents' activities are both micro activities and social activities. Because residential areas are the areas where residents live together, there are inevitably various relationships between residents. Some social organizations, public security departments, commercial service institutions, cultural and educational departments, banks, post and telecommunications departments, etc., also need to be involved in the community. They may perform social management functions,Or provide corresponding services for residents, thus forming a mutual influence and mutual restrictionSocial network。Whether the social function of the residential area is complete or not directly affects the interpersonal relationship and spiritual civilization construction in the residential area.
Other related
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In order to meet the needs of safety and scientific and systematic management of residential quarters, as well as to comprehensively and timely understand and master the situation that happens at any time, we can quickly make correct judgments on unexpected situations, and give correct and rapid command and handling.Installed inside the cellDigital monitoring systemIn order to maintain social security and prevent damage, all possible or imminent cases and dangerous situations should be transmitted to the monitoring center in a timely manner, so that the watchman in the monitoring center can control these hazards and hidden dangers in the bud, prevent property loss and ensure the safety of personnel.This is also one of the important means to provide effective legal evidence to cooperate with the security work and combat modern crimes, in order to better serve the security.
When answering questions from reporters, Cheng Xinwen said that closed residential areas are the product of the agricultural era. Now they are in the new era of industrialization, informatization and new urbanization in the 21st century. To promote the construction of modern cities, new ideas and exploration are needed."The purpose of this measure is to maximize the benefits of materials and related resources. It is a very forward-looking urban development concept that keeps pace with the times, conforms to the trend and development trend of the world today, and has important guiding significance for promoting urban modernization." Cheng Xinwen said that as a judicial organ, the impact on the rights and interests of relevant subjects that may be involvedFor coordination and protection, the court will strengthen research, timely study and judgment, further strengthen guidance to the subordinates, and actively coordinate relevant parties to properly handle relevant disputes.[2]
