synonymHans Holbein the Younger (Hans Holbein, Jr.) Generally refers to Hans Holbein
Little Hans Holbein (about 1497-1543 before November 29) wasGermanyPainter, best at oil painting and printmaking, is in northern EuropeThe RenaissanceArtists of the times.His representative works include:WoodcutDance of Death.
Holbein was born in BavariaAugsburgIt is the largest mining and metallurgy industry and financial center in Europe.He mainly told his fatherOld Hans HolbeinLearn painting and went there in 1514SwitzerlandBasel , get to knowHumanismscholarErasmusInfluenced by new ideas, his painting skills also made great progress. Two years later, he painted a portrait of Mayer and his wife, the newly elected mayor of Basel, and became famous.In manyPortrait paintingThe most successful ones are 3《Erasmus》(respectively hidden inBasel And Paris).The academic leader in the painting is absorbed,Postural expressionAnd the background furnishings are full of calm, calm and elegant atmosphere,Picture compositionIn GermanySwitzerlandThe painting world is unique and has become one of the most famous portraits in the West.ErasmusCommissioned him to draw illustrations for his satire Ode to a Fool, and he also translated German for Martin Luther《Bible》He also drew illustrations forBasel city hallDraw murals for churches and private residencesGlass mosaicandDecorative painting。Invited in 1517SwitzerlandPainting in the middle, passing byItaly, learn from Italian“Art Nouveau”。Be accepted asBasel ArtistsGuildMember, married a widow of a leather merchant and opened his ownPainting shop。In 1524, he traveled to France.
After settling in England in 1532, it was mainly royal and court portraits. Although there were some masterpieces, the atmosphere of expression was more reserved and rigid, but it reached a new height in the aspect of realistic fax.Hisreligious picture, prints and
Illustrations in books have also made outstanding achievements.The religious paintings "The Virgin of Solotune" and "The Virgin of Darmstadt" are all named after the cities they have collected.Woodcut illustrations have smooth lines and free style.
Holbein's paintings of Erasmus
Hans Holbein isThe RenaissanceA famous representative figure of painting in the period, he devoted his life to portrait creation and was rich inOriginality。On《Ambassadors》In one painting, he tries to show the character'ssocial position, personality characteristics andmentality, and absorbed the Italian style portrait techniques.Obviously, the painter did not deliberately beautify and whitewash them with affectation, but faithfully recorded his feelings and understanding with an intuitive and highly realistic approach.However, the rigidity and reserve of aristocratic habits also brought rigid traces to the works, which catered to the thenPalace courtInteresting“MannerismStyle ".
EuropeThe RenaissanceDuring this period, many great painters were good at paintingPortraitHowever, Holbein is the only one who has been engaged in portraiture creation all his life and achieved unparalleled achievements.
In the history of German painting in the 15th and 16th centuries, the Holbein family in Augsburg occupied an important page.
style of art
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Before creating a portrait, Holbein often used a pencil to describe details such as clothes and decorations, and sometimes used a pen or chalk pen. Then he pierced holes along the outline on the paper, spread them on the canvas, and transferred them to the canvas with charcoal powder.Also used in later yearsCarbon paper。His paintings are very detailed and realistic, even the scales on the instruments, the words on the stationery, and the patterns on the tablecloth are meticulously depicted, but the overall style is still very unified, and the humanistic style is very obvious,RussiaThe writer Dostoevsky once commented on his work Christ in the Tomb: "It can take away the belief of many people."British royal familyLucas Hohenburg, the Flemish painter of the painter, learned to paint miniature paintings. Lucas once painted a miniature portrait for him, but he never painted it himselfself-portrait。
The greatest achievement of Holbein's art is portrait painting. The characters in the picture are exquisite, strong and full of personality, while the painter's own imagination, love and hatred are completely restrained.realismThe performance is very full, and the details are handled carefully and convincingly.The portrait he painted for Mayor Mayer of Basel when he was 19 years old is his famous work.The portrait painter redrew his citizen's style and features, showing calm and comfortable expression in the lifelike and vivid.HolbeinBasel During this period, he painted portraits for many citizens, and his masterpieces were stacked, but his most successful works were undoubtedly hisErasmusThe three portraits painted are now respectively hidden inBasel , Paris, etc.ErasmusHe is not only a teacher in his thoughts, but also a guide in his career. Therefore, this academic leader in his writing is very amiable and respectable. Holbein has perfectly shaped the personality and thoughts of his scholarsArtistic image。Take the painting in Paris as an example: in the paintingErasmusSitting side by side and concentrating on writing, the posture, expression and background display are full of calm, calm and elegant atmosphere. Although it is only a profile bust, it typically reflects the characteristics of the time.From Holbein toErasmusPainting from lifemanuscriptIn many cases, he finally choseErasmusThe typical posture of sitting on one's side and gazing down at one's eyes has been observed for a long timeexpressivenessIn terms of posture, his depiction of facial skin and writing hands is not only meticulous, but also close to precision. The soft tone and color setting, and the perfect combination of the colors of clothes and hats and the background hanging felt make this painting true and not vulgar, complete and not miscellaneous, becoming one of the most famous portraits in the West.
It happened atSwitzerland"S religious reform opposed the hanging of paintings and other idols in the church, so as an artist, Holbein was in a difficult situation. In 1526, he went to NetherlandsLondon，ErasmusFor him toThomas More I wrote a letterrecommendation, so Holbein had a foothold in EnglandHenry VIIIHe painted many portraits with his courtiers, designed court clothes for Henry VIII, and worked for his second wifeAnne Boleyn The design of the tombstone and the decoration in front of the tomb, but the portrait he painted for Bolin may have been destroyed after Bolin was executed.He also used toHenry VIIIOther wives later painted portraits.Henry VIIIHe once criticized his portraits for beautifying his wives too much.In 1528, he returnedBasel Handled some affairs and undertook several paintings. The next year, he continued to leave his wife and returnLondon, never go home again.In 1543, he was working forHenry VIIIWhen painting another portrait, due to infectionplaguestayLondonHe died at the age of 48. He wrote his will on October 7, and noted on the attachment of the will on November 29 that he had "recently died".
Holbein's creation and achievements have become a page in the history of painting.His later years were spent in England, leaving no heir in art.Germany, Britain and Switzerland all regard the master 500 years ago as their own painter, because Germany is the birthplace of Holbein, who became famous in Basel, Switzerland, and many masterpieces were completed in Britain.
Woodcut group painting
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The Dance of Death is the creation of HolbeinRepresentativenessA set of woodcutGroup paintingIn the history of printmaking, it is a work of enduring significance. There are 41 paintings in the group. In the small and exquisite paintings, the author vividly depicts the god of death carrying out various activities with people from all walks of life. The author endows the god of death with a distinctive character and a manner to treat different things. It is often cruel to the rich and powerful, while it is cruel to the poor and the lower classesworking peopleAll are gentle and kind.This is undoubtedly the embodiment of the author's own spirit on the screen.Holbein's works are detailed, complete and comprehensive.The characters in his works are very vivid and natural, although on a square surface, they also show the author's highly serious creative attitude and outstandingArtistic expressiveness。Douglas Burris, an English woodcutter and a woodcutter historian, spoke highly of Walbein's woodcut works in his book World Woodcut History.John Nash, another modern British painter, also believed that the dance of death was a series of woodcut paintings when he introduced the book World Woodcut History."On the small wooden board, the picture is vivid and powerful, which is amazing. The beauty of carving technology is ignored, which also shows that Holbein has a very understanding and sympathy for the work of plate sculptors." Holbein's masterpieces of religious paintings include "The Virgin of Solotune" and "The Virgin of Darmstadt", both of which are named after the city in which they are stored.Both paintings have absorbed the influence of Italian art. The composition is balanced and harmonious. The image of the Virgin focuses on the simple and ordinary lookThe RenaissanceThe image of the Virgin is unique.Holbein is also an outstanding printmaking artist. His most successful printmaking work is the group painting Dance of Death, a total of 41 pieces.The story of death threatening all classes reflects the popularReligious thought, cynical, smooth and simple woodcut lines, free and easy styleContent and formXanadu is very popular with the masses.
works
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In terms of realism, Holbein's later works, such as Gitzer's Statue, Ambassador's Statue, and Molet's Statue, have kept improving and reached an unprecedented height. The portrayal of the characters and the environment in the paintings are extremely fine, which can be viewed in a magnifying glass, and on the whole, they are bright and elegant.For a long time, Holbein's work The Statue of Morlet the Goldsmith was considered to beDa VinciWorks.His simpleSketched head portrait, onArt historyHe is unique in using thread to imitate objects, completely excluding self imagination and emotion.
The masterpieces of Holbein religious paintings are the Virgin of Solotun and the Virgin of Darmstadt, both of which are named after the city in which they live.Both paintings have absorbed the influence of Italian art, and the composition is balanced and harmonious. The image of the Virgin focuses on the simple and ordinary manner, which is unique in the image of the Virgin in the Renaissance.Holbein is also an outstanding printmaking artist. His most successful printmaking work is the group painting Dance of Death, a total of 41 pieces.The story of death threatening all classes reflects the popular religious thought among the masses, which is cynical. The woodcut lines are smooth and simple, and the style is free and easy. It is very popular with the masses in terms of content and form.
