The projection length of the line from the incident point to the termination point in its initial incident direction
Range refers to the projection length of the line from the incident point to the termination point in its initial incident direction when charged particles incident on a substance.When charged particles collide with matter atoms, the direction of motion changes, so the range is usually less than the distance.The direction of motion of heavy charged particles due to collision does not change much, and the range is approximately equal to the distance.[1]
Chinese name
range
Interpretation
The horizontal distance from the bullet to its impact point on the horizontal plane
2. Maximum or average distance for fast particles to penetrate substances
3. Horizontal component of displacement of projectile when hitting the ground[2]
Citation explanation
It refers to the distance that the bullet can reach after firing.
Guo XiaochuanThe poem "Marching towards Difficulties": "You should not take the 38 guns from the enemy with bare hands any more, but how to build the coastal defense guns with long range to defend the motherland."Yao XueyinLong Night 20: "The range of the box gun is not enough."[2]
The Relationship between Height H, Range R and Projection Angle α
The farthest distance moving in the horizontal direction is called the range, and R is used to represent the initial velocity,Height of incidence, Range andprojection angleα is closely related. Take α as the abscissa, R, H as the ordinate, and draw H (α), R (α) curves according to the formula,
Range formula: X=[(v0 ^ 2) × sin2A]/g
V0: initial speed
A: Angle between initial velocity and horizontal plane
g: Gravity acceleration (g=9.8m/s ^ 2)
Effective range
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Effective range（narrow sense）: The distance that the weapon can hit the target effectively and destroy the target effectively.
Effective target hitting means that the bullets that need to be directly hit, such as rifle bullets and armour piercing bullets, must be directly hit on the target. The main determinant is accuracy.For example, the 56 semi-automatic rifle is basically difficult to hit human targets 400 meters away. Although the warhead is still lethal 1500 meters away, the effective range is also set at 400 meters.
Effective range（generalized）: The distance that the weapon can effectively complete the combat task.
For example, the 56 type squad machine gun, which also fired 7.62 ordinary bullets, is difficult to hit the human body at a distance of 800 meters, but the machine gun can suppress the enemy with disruptive shooting, and 800 meters is also an effective range (of course, the tripod also improves the accuracy, but the improvement is limited).
If it is84 pistolThe special projectiles launched with lead rubber tips have a killing distance of 5-15 meters to the human body. If the clothes of the other side are too thick, the effective range may be affected.
In general, the effective range can be improved by installing an optical sight.
The effective range can also be improved by using high-precision special sniper shells.
The battlefield wind and sand are small, which has little impact on the accuracy of projectiles, and can improve the effective range.
In the hands of different users, the effective range is different, for example, in theSomaliaIn the hands of bandits, AK47s are fired repeatedly, relying on gods rather than on the sight to guide bullets, and the effective range may be only 20 to 30 meters.Similarly, the weapon that was used well in the hands of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was used indiscriminately after assisting the Vietnamese Communist Party to arm. In the words of the Chinese consultant, it was "fierce fighting all day and night, no casualties on both sides". At this time, the effective range can be said to be "0".
Particle range
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When charged particles move in the matter, they constantly lose energy. When the energy is exhausted, they stay in the matter. The particle beam has obvious absorption near the average range.The maximum distance passed along the original incident direction is called the range of the incident particle in the material, expressed in R.It should be pointed out that "range" and "distance" are two different concepts.Range (projected range) refers to the linear distance between the incident particle in the absorbing material along the incident direction from the incident point to its end point (the velocity is equal to zero), that is, the penetration depth along the incident direction.The distance is the length of the actual trajectory of the incident particles in the absorber.Generally, the distance is greater than the range, and the projection of the distance in the incident direction is the range.
Range divergence
The statistical fluctuations in the dry collision process not only cause the energy divergence, but also cause the range divergence of particles in the matter, that is, the incident particle beam with the same energy has a distribution of its range length, and the range of individual particles fluctuates near the average value.
Heavy charged particle
The heavy charged particle has a large mass. Its inelastic collision with the extranuclear electron and its elastic collision with the atomic nucleus will not cause a great change in the direction of motion of the incident particle. Its trajectory is almost straight, so it can be considered that the range is approximately equal to the length of the distance.
Light charged particle
Range of light charged particlesβThe tracks the particles pass through are very zigzag, the statistical fluctuation of energy loss is large, and the influence of multiple scattering is large, so the range divergence is largeβThe ray energy is continuous and has no corresponding electron rangeβThe range corresponding to the maximum energy in the ray energy spectrum is calledβThe maximum range of a ray.
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The mass thickness is used as the unit of range, which can avoid the large error caused by the direct measurement of the linear thickness of thin absorber.
