Parasitism means that two kinds of creatures live together, one benefits, the other suffers, and the latter provides for the formerNutrientsThe relationship between this creature and the living place is calledparasiticThe injured party is called the host, also called the host.
Chinese name
host
Foreign name
parastisu
Interpretation
Both depend on each other, one party benefits, the other party suffers
Film: In parasitisu, the latter provides nutrients and living places for the former. This biological relationship is called parasitism, and the injured party is called the host, also called the host.summary
host
Film and television materials
Stephanie, author of Twilight·meyer The film adaptation right of Stephen Meyer's new book The Host has been bought by the producers Nick Wechsler, Steve Schwartz and Paula Mae Schwartz. The film version is just around the corner.
Host is Stephanie Meyer's first science fiction love story for adults, which is said to be written for readers who do not like science fiction.In the book, the author describes that in the near future, the earth will be taken over by an invisible alien life "soul". At that time, human beings will only have a body, and the body will be completely occupied by alien "soul".The heroine is an alien named "Wanderer". She has obtained the body of a woman named "Melanie Stryder". However, to her surprise, this Melanie has a strong will and has never been tamed.Moreover, Melanie has a beloved boyfriend, "Jared", which makes the "Wander" who occupies Melanie's body very jealous. Driven by instinct, Melanie and the "Wander" who occupies her body together embarked on the journey to find the hidden Gerald.To sum up the story of Host in one sentence, it is the triangular love between two bodies.
One of the host plants -- Ploughgrass
abstract
morphological character
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Three resource insects and their host plantsLac insect：yesHomoptera，Gelatinidae, male and female, different metamorphosis, different morphology.Female is notComplete metamorphosisThe male is completely metamorphosed, and the female goes through three stages in her life: egg, larva and adult;The male has to go through five stages: egg, larva, prepupa, true pupa and adult.The purple color secreted by lac insect after absorbing the sap of the host treeNatural resin。Also known as lac, red lac, shikon, etc.It mainly contains shellac resin, shellac wax and shellac pigment.Lac resin has strong adhesion, tenacity, good gloss, stability to ultraviolet light, good electrical insulation performance, and high voltage resistanceelectric arc, both thermoplastic andthermosettingIt is soluble in alcohol and alkali, oil resistant, acid resistant, non-toxic and irritating to people, and can be used as varnish, polishing agent, adhesive, insulating materialDie castingMaterials are widely used in national defense, electrical, paint, rubber, plastics, medicine, leather, paper making, printing, food and other industrial sectors.Lac wax, also known as shellac wax, is a yellow hard natural wax with high hardness and good lustersolventStrong retention.It can be used as a substitute for carnauba wax in electrical industry, polishing agent, shoe polish, etc.Lac pigment is a bright red non-toxic powder, which can be used as a good edible red pigment.
Host plant of lac insect
Host plant of lac insect：The host tree species and their growth directly affect the growth and development of lac insect, the amount of lac secreted and the quality of lac.About 290 species of lac host trees have been found in China, belonging to 131 genera and 45 families, of whichSphenocarpaceaeAt most,MoriaceaeNext.There are more than 30 kinds commonly used in production, and 7-8 kinds are better, such asDalbergia obtusifolia 、Nanling Dalbergia、Firerope tree、Pigeonpea, nocturnal acacia, Qida Rong, Hashi Rong, etc.There are two main strains of lac insect in India: the main host trees of the Kushmi strain are Jiushu and catechu, and the main host trees of the Languini strain are Ziyan andDian thorn jujube。The best host tree in Thailand isRain tree。
Variety classification
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White wax insect：It belongs to homoptera and scale family.White wax insect is a specialty of ChinaResource insectone of.It is also called "wax insect".Dioecious insects.The female has no wings,SomiteThe distinction is not obvious, and it is in a bitter insect stateEagle wormIt has wings and obvious somites.The female only has eggsnymph, adult wormsComplete metamorphosisType;The male has four stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult, which belongs to the complete metamorphosis type.Male insects secrete wax, and female insects reproduce sexually to produce "seed insects". Female and male insects are equally important in white wax production.The white wax insect secretes white wax, which is a high-grade animal wax. It has a high melting point (85 ℃) and is hard in the area. It has white color, good transparency, stable physical and chemical properties, strong condensation power, odorless, tasteless, and lubrication. It is widely used in chemical, industrial, pharmaceutical and other industries.
White wax beetle
Host plant of white wax insect: it is parasitic on more than 20 kinds of broad-leaved trees of Ligustrum and Fraxinus in Oleaceae, of which Fraxinus is its main host, so it is called white wax insect.Privet treeIt is cold resistant evergreenSmall arborThe height of the tree can reach 15m, but when used as an insect tree, it can be manually controlled at about 2-3 meters, which is good for female insects to overwinter and lay eggs in early springParasitic plant。Ash treesyesDeciduous treesAnd the tree height can reach l0-15m.It can also be controlled within 2-3 meters after the trunk is cut off.The leaves fall in winter and grow vigorously in summer and autumn, providing nutrients for the growth and development of male insects, making the insects develop soundly and secreting more wax.
gallnut
Gallnut aphid：It belongs to Homoptera and Diphididae.Undergraduate aphids NoneVentral canal, or abdominal tube degeneration,mouthpartsDegradation.Generally developedWax gland, often secretedWhite cottonIt is usually called cotton aphid or cotton insect.Galla chinensis aphid is an important chemical raw materialHost plantFormed onGall。Chinese gallnut products mainly include horned gallnut and tripterygium gallnut, and there are 14 kinds of ploidy aphids, which are distributed in Sichuan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces. The largest output is horned gallnut, and the best quality is tripterygium gallnut.Chinese nutgall is mainly used to extract Chinese nutgall tannin,gallic acidAnd then processed into pharmaceutical productsSulfonamide synergist(TMP -- trimethoprim ammoniapyrimidine）；It is used in food industry, metal protection, petroleum exploration, printing and dyeing industry, daily chemical industry, rare metal processing and extraction, agriculture, etc.
Host plants of Gallnut aphid:
1. Summer host (or first host)
(1) Rhus chinensis: It is a deciduous tree or shrub, up to 10 meters in height. It grows on the ditch side or hillside wasteland, and has strong adaptability to the environment.It can be propagated by cutting and has high survival rate.In addition to Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Ningxia, Jilin and Heilongjiang, all provinces and regions in China are distributed, with Sichuan and Guizhou being the largest.It is also distributed in Southeast Asian countries, Japan and North Korea.
（2）Rhus chinensis: Deciduous tree or shrub, 2-8m high, a variety of Rhus chinensis
host
(3) Red bran poplar: deciduous trees or shrubs, 3~15m high.It is distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Gansu and Tibet.Born in sunny limestone mountains, valleys and streams.
(4) Green Bran Poplar: small deciduous trees or shrubs, 4-8m high.It is distributed in Shaanxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shanxi, Henan, Gansu and Taiwan.It is mostly grown on sunny hillsides and valleys, and has strong drought resistance. It can also grow in poor soil.
2. Winter hosts (or the second host) are fresh plants, which are small green plants.Its vegetation isStem leaf body, with leafy green grainsArchegonial apparatus、SpermatozoonAs a result, fresh plants are among the higher plants.
（1）Horned gall aphidWinter host of egg aphidMosses: The hosts of the two aphids are basically the same. They areDendrolimus lateralis, Moss mossSphagnum giganteum, sphagnum rotundifolia and sphagnum densely dentatum, all belong to sphagnum lantern.these ones hereMossesBorn on wet ground or rocks under coniferous and broad-leaved forests, or on tree trunks, beside ditches, etc.
(2) The main winter hosts of Myzus jujube and Myzus eggMosses: The winter hosts of the two aphids are similar, and they include the moss Meigei (twigs and red teeth), the moss LithospermumLichen longicostatum、Epiphyte of East Asia, short twig pleated moss (pleated leaf moss) andAmygiumEtc.These fresh species mainly belong toBrachytheciaceae , born in forest clearing or on rock surface, tree trunk, ditch edge, etc.
(3) The main winter host of Aphis avenaeMosses: including dense leaf tip pecking mossCymbidium gracilis, Moss tomentophyllum, Moss pleistophyllum, etc., mainlyBrachytheciaceae , born on the ground under the forest, tree trunk, rock surface, etc.
