The objective rules that are not transferred by human will
The objective law comes fromMarxismThe core of.Refers to those that are not transferred by human willobjective existenceRules for.stayMarxist philosophyIt is the intrinsic, inevitable and stable connection in the movement of things, independent of consciousness.
Chinese name
objective law
Foreign name
The objective law
Definition
The objective rules that are not transferred by human will
It is an inherent, essential, and stable connection in the movement of things, independent of consciousness.
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1. The laws inherent in the world and followed by all substances in the world are independent of consciousness, objective and scientific, and havecertainty。OfMaterialism）
2. The world isPersonal awarenessIt shows that the laws summarized in the process of world development, one flower, one world, one grass, one soul, are transcendentalUncertainty。Ofidealism）
"Facts" as practice, since it is an objective existence, there is a problem to understand and grasp it, that is, the so-called "seeking truth from facts" problem.Strictly speaking, "Yes" here does not refer to the law itself, but refers to its understanding, that is, truth.As the object of our understanding, law itself is a kind ofOntologyThe nature of things.Laws are not "yes", but "things".And here, asKnow the objectThe law of "truth" does not exist outside the practice of human beings.The object of cognition that we preset is fundamentally different from the object of cognition in the traditional sense: the original object of cognition "law" is actually preset as a pure thing that is so-called "not transferred by human will", and cognition is the grasp of this "objective law";andMarxist philosophyThe preset cognitive object isHuman existenceThe law of itself and the practice itself, that is, the internal connection of "facts".This is a personOwn businessTherefore, the law is essentially the law of practice itself."Seeking truth" is not to seek the so-called "objective law" of pure freedom, which is full of differences (modern philosophy history andHistory of ScienceAll haveIt shows that this is impossible.),It is a dynamic reflection on the internal connection of human practice.
According to Marx's practical ontology, objective existence is the internal element of practice, and accordingly, objective law is the internal link of practice.This is because any "objective object" that people face in any cognitive activity has actually been in the "field" of practice, so there is always someone“Subject activity”Participate in it.This is not only a cognitive experienceCognitive subjectAwareness ofsubjectivityThe problem of influence is that the objects of cognition, including "law" itself, are human activities.Indeed, we can try our best to eliminate the interference of the subjective consciousness of different cognitive subjects in the process of cognition, strive for "the subjective conforms to the objective", and grasp the objective laws;However, we cannot exclude human existence and activities to meet their needs from the object object. Any object object can only be humanSelf existenceIt is shown on the background.Therefore, when we talk about any objective object, its so-called "objectivity" is only relative to our "present" consciousness, that is, it is independent of the "this time" consciousness and exists before the "this time" cognition;It is still in the field of practice.Consciousness is also the internal element of practice, so the objective object is still in the previous consciousness field, that is, it is impossible to be independent of consciousness and external to consciousness.In any case, in a certain sense, the objective law we seek has already had the meaning of "the law of practice" or even "the law of consciousness itself".
However, we emphasize the object of human cognition and the existence of humanInseparabilityThis does not affect the objective reality of the object and its laws.On the contrary, we are“Objective reality”Return from the realm of pure freedom imagined by the old philosophy to the reality of human practice.Human existence and human practice itself are the most fundamental and unique "reality".It is not only "reality", that is, there is a need to know and grasp it, but also there is a question whether understanding conforms to the object and correctly presents the object.Therefore, as the object of "seeking truth", the law also shows its essential characteristics, objective relations, etcuniversalityAndInevitability。But the "essence" here is the inherent characteristics of human existence and human practice;The inevitability hereRegularityIt is the internal inevitable relationship between human activities and different activities.Chinese philosophyThere is the so-called "reason in the matter", which emphasizes that the law is the "reason" in the "real things" of people.The essence of Marxist philosophy's theory of law actually lies in this: its impact on social essenceHistorical lawIn fact, the revelation of "is the revelation of the nature and law of human activities.".
3. Significance and function of value law: value law ishuman societyUniversaleconomic law, revealingcommodity economyThe mystery of change and development has promoted the development of productivity.
2. The basic content of the law of surplus value: the essence of surplus value is that it is created by hired workers, occupied free by capitalists, and exceeds workersvalue of labor powerThe value of the above part.
3. The significance and function of the law of surplus value: the success of the study of the law of surplus value reveals the secrets of capitalists' exploitation of employed workers, the essence of any wage labor production system, and the source of the growing wealth of the wage society.
Note: First, this is a relatively comprehensive issue. We should not only talk about the identity andMilitancyThe role in the development of things should also focus on internal and external causes. If only one part of the question is asked, then the part asked can be answered.
Second, the examinee is easy to remember the unity of opposites of contradictions regarding the motive force of things' development.The identity of contradiction and the unity of opposites of struggle can often ignore the key meaning of the dialectical unity of the two, which combines to form the contradictory movement of things and promote the movement of things.
First, the development of thingsInternal and external causesThe principle of dialectical relationship and its practical significance appeared in the form of big questions at the end of previous examinations, which should be paid attention to.
Second, in the dialectical relationship between internal and external causes, do not think that internal causes determine external causes;The internal cause is the basis for the development of things, and does not mean that the internal cause determines the external cause.
Quality refers to the immanence of a thing becoming itself and different from another thingPrescriptive； Quantity refers to the size, degree, speed and constituent elements of things in spacePermutation and combinationThe prescriptiveness that can be expressed in quantity;Degree is the unity of matter and quantity. It is the quantitative limit, range or range of things to maintain their own quality.
2、 Analysis of key and difficult points
Materialist dialecticsThe basic laws of.It reveals all things and phenomena in the process of developmentQuantitative changeandqualitative changeThe internal connection and mutual transformation of.also calledLaw of quantitative change and qualitative change。This law shows that there are two basic forms of the development and change of things, namely quantitative change and qualitative changeInterruption of progressive processIs a mutation from one germplasm to another.In thingsInternal contradictionUnder the influence of, the development of things starts from quantitative change,equivalentWhen change reaches a certain limit, quantitative change will be transformed into qualitative change. When the nature of things changes, the old qualitative things will become new qualitative things.This is the transformation from quantitative change to qualitative change.On the basis of new quality, new quantitative changes have begun.This is the transformation of a qualitative change into a vector change.Quantitative change leads to qualitative change, and qualitative change leads to new quantitative change, which circulates to infinity, constituting the process of infinite development of things.Quantitative change and qualitative change are two basic forms of the development and change of things. They are both different and related. In the process of the development of things, they are interdependent and interpenetrating.Phased and local in quantitative changePartial metamorphosis, quantitative expansion in qualitative change.
Note: the dialectical negation emphasizes that negation is of thingsSelf denial, this is myselfDeny oneself。Negation is not associated withold thingsTo make a clean break is to sublate.
2. The negative law of negation and its characteristics
Note: To master this rule, you should correctly understand the following points:
First, define the meaning of negation of negation.
Second, the rising and advancing nature of development is the general trend of things.The development of things is not a simple cycle.
Third, the development of things presents periodicity, and special attention should be paid to the determination of the starting point. The periodicity of the development of things is inherent in things, not imposed artificiallyobjective thingsOn.
Fourth,Repeatability, is not a simple repetition, not a simple cycle.
