Lugouqiao （Wanping City）, also known as Wanping County, located inBeijingFengtai DistrictDomesticLugou BridgeIn the east, more than 100 meters away from the bridge, it is a bridgehead. It was built in the 13th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1640), called "Gongbei City", renamed "Gongji City" in the Qing Dynasty, and renamed "Wanping City" in the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928).In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was a military fortress[4][14]。
The plane of Wanping City is rectangular, 640 meters long from east to west, 320 meters wide from south to north, and the total area of the city is about 20 hectares.The city wall is 7.18m high.The foundation of the city wall is made of six layers of strip stones. The interior of the wall body is solid with loess and gravel, and the exterior is wrapped with city bricks. The top of the city wall is paved with three layers of face bricks.There are buttresses, knee observation holes and perforations outside the city wall, and each buttress has a cover plate.There are two gates in the east and west of the city, the "Shunzhi Gate" in the east and the "Weiyan Gate" in the west.yesJuly 7th IncidentHistorical witness of[4]。
In the 13th year of Chongzhen (1640) of the Ming DynastyLi ZichengThe rebels entered Beijing and built a bridgehead on the east of Lugou Bridge for military defense, which is called "Gongbei City".
During the Qing Dynasty, Gongbei City was renamed "Gongji City"[14]。
In the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), Wanping County Office was officially moved to Gongji City, which was renamed Wanping City.
On July 7, the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937),July 7th IncidentThe city gate of Wanping and the county government were destroyed.
In 1952, Wanping City was reclassified to Beijing, and the county-level establishment was cancelled and put under the jurisdiction of Fengtai District[4]。
In 1958, the east and west gates and gates of Wanping City were removed to ease traffic congestion.
In June 1984, Wanping City began to repair and rebuild two towers and the barbican city[4]。
On July 7, 1987, the renovation project of Wanping City was completed[4]。
In 2004, Wanpingcheng County Government was rebuilt[5]。
In 2019, Wanping City will carry out the repair project of the north wall section.
In June 2020, Wanping City officially started the recovery of dilapidated houses.
In 2022, Wanping City will carry out the research repair of Dong002 crater[9]。
Architectural pattern
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The plane of Wanping City is rectangular, 640 meters long from east to west, 320 meters wide from south to north, and the total area of the city is about 20 hectares.The city wall is 7.18m high.The foundation of the city wall is made of six layers of strip stones. The interior of the wall body is solid with loess and gravel, and the exterior is wrapped with city bricks. The top of the city wall is paved with three layers of face bricks.There are buttresses, knee observation holes and perforations outside the city wall, and each buttress has a cover plate.There are two gates in the east and west of the city, the "Shunzhi Gate" in the east and the "Weiyan Gate" in the west[4]。
Plan of Wanping City
Due to its special geographical location, Wanping City has become a must pass for business travelers traveling from south to north.Since the Qing Dynasty, merchants in the west of Wanping City and on both sides of Yongding River have gradually moved to the city, building restaurants, tea houses, post stations and sacrificial temples, breaking the simple military camp pattern[4]。
Main attractions
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gate tower
Dongchenglou and Barbican City
The existing city tower was rebuilt in 1984. It is a brick and wood structure. It is located on the city platform with a height of 9.6 meters, a width of 22.44 meters, and a depth of 16.5 meters. The door opening in the middle of the platform is 4.5 meters high and 4 meters wide.The tower is 11.68m high, three rooms wide, and one room deep. It has a single eave resting on the top of the mountain, and is covered with a tube tile roof. The first floor is equipped with a gallery, with a width of 14.52m and a depth of 8.58m.Waist eaves are set in the middle of the tower.The lower frame of the outer eaves of the tower is painted with iron red paint, and the upper frame is painted with Ming style Yawu ink spiral painting.There is a beast (head) at both ends of the main ridge, and there are beasts hanging on the drooping ridge, and then there are war beasts, lions, phoenixes, and dragons on the eaves.There are horned animals, war animals, lions, phoenixes and dragons on the waist eaves[4]。
Barbican City
The existing urn was rebuilt when it was repaired in 1984, with an internal width of 27.45m, a width of 21.5m, a depth of 13.4m, and an overall height of 10.15m.17.93m away from the gate tower[4]。
The Memorial Hall of the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression is the only large-scale comprehensive thematic memorial hall in China that comprehensively reflects the history of the Chinese people's great war of resistance against Japanese Aggression. It is a national first-class museum in China, the first batch of national war memorial facilities and sites in China, the International Association of World War II Museums, the Chinese Society for the History of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Beijing Peace Education FoundationThe secretariat of Beijing Anti Japanese War History Research Association is located.The building area is more than 21000 square meters, the basic display area is more than 6700 square meters, the collection of cultural relics is more than 10000 pieces, and there is a half landscape painting museum[6][10]。
Cultural Activity
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July 7th Incident
On July 7, the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), the Japanese army deliberately made“July 7th Incident”, also known as "Lugouqiao Incident",Counter-Japanese WarThe all-out outbreak is the beginning of the all-out Japanese imperialist war of aggression against China and the starting point of the Chinese nation's all-out war of resistance[7][15]。On the evening of July 7, the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), the Japanese army asked to enter Wanping City to search on the pretext of "missing" a soldier in the "military exercise" near Lugou Bridge, which was severely rejected by the Chinese side.On the morning of the 8th, the Japanese army suddenly shelled Wanping City. On that day, the Japanese army launched three attacks on the Chinese defenders in Wanping City[5]。
On November 18, 2020, Wanping City (the city wall) was rated as the first Beijing online celebrity human landscape clocking place by Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism[1]。
On December 24, 2021, Wanping City was identified as one of the first on-site teaching sites for municipal party member education and training in Beijing[2]。
Cultural relics protection
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On March 4, 1961Lugou BridgePromulgated by the State Council of the People's Republic of China as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units[3]。
In 1984, Wanping County Yamen in Wanping City was announced by the People's Government of Fengtai District of Beijing as a cultural relics protection unit in Fengtai District[5]。
On October 16, 2002, Wanping City was announced by the Beijing Municipal People's Government as the Lugou Bridge Wanping City Historical and Cultural Protection Zone[11]。
Value significance
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Wanping City was built for military purposes. Although the city system was small, its shape and structure were different from those of ordinary county towns when it was first built. There were no streets, alleys, markets, bell and drum towers and other facilities in the city.There are only two gates in the east and west of the city, and both have the barbican city and the city tower. The whole city wall is relatively thick and solid, mainly to help defend the capital.It is the only fully preserved "Two Gates" Acropolis in North China, and it is alsoJuly 7th IncidentHistorical witness of[4][5][8]。
Tourism information
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geographical position
Wanping City is located in Fengtai District, Beijing.
Lugouqiao
Traffic routes
transit
Take bus 309, 329, 339, 458, 459, 624, 896, 952 in Beijing and get off at Lugou Xinqiao Station;
Take No. 77, 96, 97, 133, 310, 452, 843, 983, 145, 161, 45, 97, 133, 310, 452, 843, 983, and get off at the Anti Japanese Sculpture Garden Station.
drive
Fengtai District People's Government of Beijing is 7.9km away from Wanping City, and it takes about 17 minutes to drive.
