synonymTingri County(Fixed date) Generally designated county
Dingri County, subordinate to the Tibet Autonomous RegionShigatse, located between 86 ° 20 ′~87 ° 70 ′ E and 27 ° 80 ′~29 ° 10 ′ N, with a total area of 138600 square kilometers[13]。It belongs to the plateau temperate semi-arid monsoon climate zone, with large temperature difference between day and night and dry climate.[6]As of October 2021, Dingri County has jurisdiction over 2 towns and 11 townships.[8]The county people's government is located in Xiegar Town.[9]As of June 2021, the total population of Dingri County is 61785.[6]
Dingri County was under the jurisdiction of "Rula" during the Tubo period.In July 2014, Dingri County belonged toShigatse。The traffic mileage of Dingri County is 826 kilometers, including one Chinese road, 128 kilometers;6 township roads, 463 km in total;100 kilometers of dedicated roads.[6]In July 2021, Dingri County was selected as a model city (county) in Tibet Autonomous Region to be commended.[5]The main scenic spots are Gangga Town Scenic Spot, Changshuo Sand Dune Scenic Spot, Cangda Hot Spring, etc.
In 2021, Dingri County is expected to achieve a GDP of 1.37 billion yuan, an increase of 8.6% year on year, ranking third in the city.[7]
After Tibetan Zanpu Songzangambu unified the whole Tibet, Dingri Prefecture belonged to the southwest of the administrative region "Rula" under Tibetan jurisdiction.
In the 13th century, the Yuan Dynasty incorporated Tibet into its administrative region, and the Dingri region belonged to the Sakya regime, known as "Luodingri".
In the 18th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1385), the Pamuzuba regime replaced the Sakya regime to govern 130000 households, and the "Luoding Day" was the beginning of the Pamuzuba regime.
In 1642, "Luodingri" was ruled by Gandan Pozhang's regime.
In November 1959, the Third Plenary Committee of the Preparatory Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region decided to merge the Xieger, Dingri, Qude Temple and Xika Manor under the original Gaxia government into Dingri County.
In January 1960, the People's Government of Dingri County was approved to be established under the jurisdiction of Shigatse Special District.
In August 1961, with the approval of the CPC Shigatse Sub working Committee, Dingri County was divided into five administrative regions, and the county seat was moved from Xieger to Gangga.
In July 1968, the people's government of Dingri County moved back to the original location of Xieger Town.
In 1970, it was under the jurisdiction of Shigatse.
In 2014, the State Council approved the revocation of the Shigatse region, the establishment of prefecture level Shigatse City, and the jurisdiction of Dingri County was changed to Shigatse City.[12]
Dingri County is located in the southwest border of Tibet Autonomous Region, between 86 ° 20 ′~87 ° 70 ′ E and 27 ° 80 ′~29 ° 10 ′ N.It is located at the foot of Mount Everest at the north foot of the middle section of the Himalayas, adjacent to the eastFixed knot, Sakya County, westNyalam County, BeilianAngren County；NortheastLazi County；It borders Nepal in the south.Dingri County covers an area of 138600 square kilometers[13]。It is 115 kilometers long from east to west and 152 kilometers wide from south to north.[10]
Dingri County People's Government
topographic features
Dingri County is located at the foot of Mount Everest at the north foot of the middle Himalayan Mountains, with an average altitude of 5000 meters.[10]
climate
Dingri County
Dingri belongs to the semi-arid monsoon climate zone of plateau temperate zone. The temperature difference between day and night is large, the climate is dry, the annual rainfall is small, the evaporation is large, and the sunshine duration is long. The annual average sunshine duration is 3393.3 hours, the sunshine percentage is 77%, and the total solar radiation is 202.9 kcal/cm2.The ultraviolet ray is strong in the plateau, and the temperature is low, with the annual average temperature of 2.8~3.9 ℃.The coldest month is January, with an average temperature of - 7.4 ℃;The hottest month is July, with an average temperature of 12 ℃;The extreme maximum temperature is 24.8 ℃, the extreme coldest temperature is - 27.7 ℃, the annual precipitation is 319 mm, the annual maximum precipitation is 474.3 mm, the minimum precipitation is 104.9 mm, 95% of the precipitation is distributed in June to October, the annual average evaporation is 2527.3 mm, the annual average wind speed is 58.4 m/s, the annual relative frost free period is 113 days, and the absolute frost free period is 0 days.[6]
hydrology
The total water area of Dingri County is 1292.35 square kilometers, accounting for 9.25% of the total land area of the county. It is mainly the accumulation of glaciers and permanent snow covered rivers and lakes.The main rivers in the territory are Pengqu and its tributaries Zhagaqu, Pengzuopuqu, Requ Zangbu, Luobe Zangbu, Yajiuqu, Luluqu, etc.[10]
natural disaster
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According to the official measurement of the China Seismological Network, at 16:12 on March 2, 2023, a magnitude 3.3 earthquake occurred in Dingri County, Shigatse City, Tibet, with the focal depth of 10 kilometers, the epicenter at 28.34 degrees north latitude and 87.35 degrees east longitude。[14]
natural resources
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land resource
The total area of agricultural land in Dingri County is 7054.15 hectares, the total area of various natural grasslands is 888421.2 hectares, the forest area is 8569 hectares, and the forest coverage rate is 9.6%.The volume of standing trees is 2.136 million cubic meters.[6]
mineral resources
Mineral resources in Dingri County include lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, coal, graphite, crystal, quartz, muscovite, yellowstone, etc.[6]
Biological resources
The crop resources in Dingri County include highland barley, rapeseed, wheat, peas, roots, cabbage, radish, etc.
Animal resources in Dingri County include Tibetan yaks, Tibetan sheep, goats, Tibetan cattle, Tibetan horses, Tibetan donkeys, yaks, varieties of Tibetan mastiffs, wolves, snow leopards, Himalayan musk deer, Himalayan Thar sheep, leopard cats, red pandas, marmots, wild donkeys, etc.
Herbs in Dingri County include Angelica, Astragalus, Huhuanglian, Saussurea, Ephedra, Rhubarb, Cordyceps, Codonopsis pilosula, Gastrodia elata, Panax notoginseng, etc.
The plant resources of Dingri County include long leaf pine, leaf spruce, etc.[6]
population
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As of June 2021, Dingri County has a total population of 61785, making it the most populous border county in Tibet.[6]Dingri County is an area with Tibetan as the main body and Han, Manchu, Hui, Loba and other nationalities living together.The Tibetan population accounts for 99.9%.[10]
Economics
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overview
Dingri County
In 2021, the regional GDP is expected to reach 1.37 billion yuan, an increase of 8.6% year on year, ranking third in the city;Fixed asset investment reached 1.262 billion yuan, up 100.6% year on year, ranking second in the city;The total retail sales of consumer goods reached 235 million yuan, up 9.7% year on year, ranking first in the city;Rural per capita disposable income reached 12820 yuan, up 19.5% year on year, ranking second in the city;The local general public financial budget revenue was 78.17 million yuan, up 1.86% year on year, 110% of the budget at the beginning of the year, ranking second in the city.[7]
In 2021, the planting area of crops in Dingri County will be 102000 mu, including 83000 mu of grain crops (76500 mu of highland barley), 12000 mu of economic crops, 7000 mu of forage. The ratio of grain to forage will be 82:12:06.Two points of "thousand mu, thousand jin" and eight points of "hundred mu, thousand jin" have been completed, 70000 mu of green, high-quality and efficient demonstration fields have been created, 74000 mu of cultivated land protection and quality have been improved, and the grain yield has reached 69010000 jin, with a year-on-year increase of 3.85%. The average unit yield of highland barley has reached 849.5 jin, with a year-on-year increase of 27.63 jin per mu, and the vegetable yield has reached 20011600 jin, with a year-on-year increase of 39.87%.The ratio of primary, secondary and tertiary industries is 23:35:42.The development momentum of animal husbandry is good.At the end of the year, the number of livestock on hand reached 242600, including 59800 large livestock and 182800 small livestock.At the end of the year, a total of 73000 livestock were sold, including 10000 large livestock and 63000 small livestock.The number of newborn animals is 83000, and the survival rate is more than 93%.Deeply implement the improvement of livestock varieties, promote the improvement of animal husbandry quality and efficiency, complete the improvement of 2694 yellow cattle throughout the year, exceeding the set goals and tasks, 715 yaks are economically hybridized, and sheep "two years and three births" technology is comprehensively piloted.The scale of livestock and poultry breeding cooperatives has reached 113. Through measures such as "Amoy, Reform, and Introduction", the number of established and integrated Juanshan cattle breeding cooperatives has increased to 50, with the scale breaking through 3000. The number of poultry breeding cooperatives has grown to 7. The number of Tibetan chickens on hand has reached more than 11600, and the annual average egg production has reached about 60000.The completed investment is 45.591 million yuan, and the implementation area is 30000 mu.Throughout the year, 90000 mu of land was cultivated by machine, 78000 mu of land was planted by machine, and 70000 mu of land was harvested by machine, with 88% of the land being cultivated by machine, 76% of the land being planted by machine, and 68% of the land being harvested by machine.[7]
In 2020, Dingri County will promote the innovative development of the border trade logistics industry of South Asian merchants, implement 26 investment promotion projects, pay in more than 800 million yuan, register 43 companies, 3159 individual businesses, 567 private enterprises, and 256 farmers and herdsmen cooperatives.[11]
In 2021, tourism supporting facilities in Dingri County will continue to be consolidated.The equipment of the smart scenic spot has been constantly improved to realize online ticket purchase, online payment and intelligent vehicle identification.A large number of tourism services, such as family hotels, home stays, and specialty restaurants, have been rising. The "Dingri County Overall Tourism Development Plan" and the "Tibet Xigaze Five County Overall Tourism Development Plan" have been completed. The Everest scenic area tourism infrastructure construction project with a total investment of 40 million yuan has been fully completed and put into use,The construction project of the environmental protection vehicle transfer station in Zhaxizong Village, Zhaxizong Township has been basically completed, and the core landmark of the "ecological and cultural tourism circle around Mount Everest" - Zhufeng Town, Zhaxizong Township, and Border Pearl Town, Chentang Village, Rongxia Township have begun to take shape.In the whole year, the Everest Scenic Area received 156900 tourists, and the ticket income was 26.4366 million yuan, up 17% and 26% year on year;The transfer points of environment-friendly vehicles transported 133800 tourists and earned 15.3693 million yuan, up 12% and 9% year on year.The total number of tourists received in the county is 279600 person times, and the comprehensive tourism revenue of the county is 153 million yuan, up 17% and 19% year on year.[7]
Transportation
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The traffic mileage of Dingri County is 826 kilometers, including one Chinese road, 128 kilometers;6 township roads, 463 km in total;100 kilometers of dedicated roads.[6]
social undertakings
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education
In 2021, the approved number of teachers in Dingri County will increase by 106;The enrollment rate of school-age children, the enrollment rate of primary and secondary schools reached 100%, and the coverage rate of kindergartens reached 62.3%.Throughout the year, 19 projects were implemented, including stormy playground, kindergarten, student canteen and faculty dormitory.There are 58 schools at all levels (2 middle schools, 21 primary schools and 35 kindergartens).There will be 311 fresh college graduates in 2021.[7]
Cultural undertakings
Everest Base Camp Dingri Station
In 2021, Dingri County will deeply implement the cultural edge moistening project, and the new era civilization practice center (station, station) will be fully covered.A series of colorful Daqing theme activities were held. The first "Summit of the World · Climbers Forum" was successfully held in Everest Town. "Everest Lecture Hall Praises Party Benevolence, Frontier Children Smile and Learn to Publicize the Spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Practice Grassroots Activities in Warm Winter" and "Six Free Services" achieved full coverage.The World's Highest Winter Olympic Plaza - the Everest Town Cultural Plaza for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games and the Winter Paralympic Games was officially inaugurated in Zhaxizong. The ice mound and snow melting at the foot of the Everest appeared to the world, becoming a window for the Tibetan people to understand the winter Olympic culture and snow sports, and for the people of the world to understand the new socialist Tibet.[7]
Health care
In 2021, the participation rate of basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents in Dingri County will reach 98%, including 100% of the registered card out poor households, 28849 urban and rural residents with pension insurance coverage of 6.0894 million yuan and 95.8% of the participation rate, basically realizing "full coverage".Routine vaccination and health care have been steadily promoted, and children's immune barrier has been comprehensively improved;The "two cancers" screening was successfully completed, tuberculosis and AIDS prevention and control achieved remarkable results, the "two aids" system was fully implemented, and women's rights and interests were effectively protected.[7]
Historical culture
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Folk handicraft
Main handicrafts in Dingri CountyPulu、Card pad、Hiding quilt、Apron, pottery, silver, gold and bamboo products. Silver bowls, Tibetan sanxian, wooden bowls, aprons, waist buckles and other gold and silver ornaments are more famous. All handicrafts are simple in technology, rough in processing and monotonous in variety.The above handicrafts are for family use and are presented by relatives and friends.Bamboo weaving and waist buckle products are exchanged in a small amount in counties and townships.[2]
Folk song and dance
While learning and inheriting the ancient Zhangxiong culture, Dingri people created traditional songs and dances such as "Ladui Luoxie", "Jiaxie" and "Tibetan Opera" with rich lyrics, varied dance steps and unique singing.[3]
Dingri people are good at singing and dancing. Every holiday, no matter where and on what occasions, relatives and friends meet, harvest, threshing, canal construction, house building, etc., you can see and hear young men and women, old men and young children dancing and singing hand in hand.Especially for family and friends' gatherings, singing and singing may last all night long.On holidays, from morning to night, from the Linka Grassland to the housing and dormitory, you can drink highland barley wine and dance while enjoying yourself.In traditional singing and dancing.Song and dance cannot be separated. When you sing, you will dance. When you dance, you will sing.Traditional song and dance, that is, popular dance, is known as "fruit harmony"."Harmony" is a concept of song."Fruit" means that many people form a circle to do the kick step dance, that is, "Zhuang".The setting day belongs to the place of "heap" according to the convention, so there is also a song and dance called "heap harmony".But for Dingri people, the famous ones here are "Luo" (Lu) called "Luo Xie", "Lu Xie" and "Le Xie". The syllables are different, which can be distinguished by insiders, but difficult for laymen to understand.In addition to syllables and vocals, there are also differences in the playing of lutes. Here, there are two kinds of plucking instruments: "six stringed lute" and "three stringed lute". "six stringed lute" has a long history and is relatively common. "three stringed lute" is created by the masses and is often made of broken thermos shells and three ponytails.[3]
Loxie
Luoxie means songs and dances in the south. It is an inherent traditional song and dance under the jurisdiction of Dingri County. It was widely spread in the back land of the plateau as early as the "Luodingri Wanhu Mansion" period. It is still a major form of song and dance for Dingri people to entertain themselves and celebrate festivals in festivals, good years, and daily production and life. Although the entire Himalayas have experienced changes for thousands of years, the Dingri "Luoxie"It has always maintained its original artistic style and is exerting its endless charm under the guidance of the main theme of the times.The unique local characteristics and artistic forms of expression of "Luoxie" make it different from today's "Qiang Harmony" in Angren County and "Dui Harmony" represented by Lazi in terms of tune, lyric content, use of musical instruments and other aspects.[4]
famous scenery
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Peak community
There are four peaks over 8000 meters in Dingri County, among which Everest is the most dazzling pearl.Due to the influence of terrain and unique climate, this place presents the most spectacular extreme mountain landscape in the world. The upper part of the mountain is covered with ice peaks and forests. Numerous glaciers carved the mountain into various top special forms along the slope, making the mountain more precipitous.At the lower part of the mountain, ice water, glacier heaps and landforms dominate.The glaciers in the valley form the most spectacular ice tower forest landscape in the world under the differential melting effect.
Mount Qomolangma, 8848.86 meters above sea level.[1]It is the highest peak in the world, and the whole Mount Everest is a giant pyramid.
Luozi Peak, 8516 meters above sea level, is the fourth highest peak in the world, located in the south of Mount Everest.The terrain is extremely steep, the environment is extremely complex, glaciers are densely distributed, and the climate is unpredictable. The saying that "there are four seasons of snow at the top of the mountain, and four seasons of spring at the bottom of the mountain. One mountain has four seasons, and ten miles have different days" is a vivid summary of the three-dimensional climate of the region.
Zhuoyou Peak, also known as "Qiaouya Peak", is 8201 meters above sea level and the sixth highest peak in the world. Zhuoyou Peak stands in the middle of Himalayas and northwest of Mount Everest.There are many snow peaks around the mountain.The terrain here is complex, the climate is changeable, and the glacier grain snow supply is sufficient. The valleys on both sides of the lower part of the glacier are steep rock walls, and under the wall are rolling stone areas. There are often glacial lakes formed by melting glaciers.Zhuoyou Peak is the second best mountain climbing resort after Mount Everest.
Makaru Peak, 8463 meters above sea level, is located in the middle of the Himalayas, southeast of Mount Everest, and is the fifth highest peak in the world.The upper part of the peak body is covered with thick ice and snow, and there are huge glaciers in the slopes and valleys. There are many serrated cliffs and cracks on the glaciers, and ice avalanches are very frequent.At the foot of the mountain, the terrain is open, the water source is sufficient, and the forest is dense. In spring, all kinds of azaleas compete with each other.
Forest landscape
There are two major forest scenic spots in Dingri County - Rongzhi Scenic Spot and Gama Scenic Spot. Due to the great terrain difference, the relative height difference from the lowest point of the valley to the highest point is 6200 meters. The vertical differentiation of mountain forest ecology is obviousDeciduous broad-leaved forestEcosystem, there are 6 mountain vertical ecosystems to alpine and sub frigid ice and snow ecosystems.The special geomorphic types and diverse climatic characteristics support a rich population of wild animals and plants. Because of the dense forests in the area, there is less human destruction. Some rare and endangered species also have a considerable number, such as the national first-class protected animalshemitragus jemlahicus 、Langur, Snow LeopardBrown tailed Pheasant, black pheasant, Tibetan snow chicken, etc.It also abounds in more than 200 kinds of precious Chinese herbal medicines, such as cordyceps sinensis, picrorhiza, snow lotus, gastrodia elata, etc.
Rongxia Forest Scenic Spot: It is located in the valley between Dazhang of Rongxia River Valley and the border between China and Nepal - Neru Bridge. The forest landscape from Quga to Neru Bridge is the most beautiful.Deep and lush canyons, clear and turbulent rivers, falling waterfalls, simple and elegant rural houses, exotic flowers and plants dotted in the forest edge and rare birds and animals playing in the jungle, and other landforms, rivers, humanities and ecological landscapes are integrated to form an excellent scenic spot for ecological tourism with forests as the main body.
Gama Forest Scenic Spot: located in the valley of Gama Zangbu (River) and its tributaries from the glacier on the north side of Makalu Peak.Therefore, together with the Yellow Land on the east slope of Makalu Peak, Everest and Luozi Peak, it forms an ecological and adventure tourist attraction with forests as the main body.
The types of forest formation in Gama Valley are rich and colorful, including mountainous evergreen broad-leaved forest, semi evergreen broad-leaved forest, subalpine dark coniferous forest, etc. The beautiful landscape of Gama Valley has the reputation of "Top Ten Landscapes" in the world.What is particularly striking is the relatively open forest and forest edge in the upper valley of Gama Valley, as well as the large area of alpine shrub community formed by azaleas above the forest line. Every spring, all kinds of azaleas open from the low to the high mountains in turn, and the colorful mountains spread all over the mountains, becoming a veritable azalea valley.
Rongxia Forest Scenic Spot is located in the valley between Dazhang, Rongxia River Valley, and Nielu Bridge, the border between China and Nepal. The forest landscape from Quga to Nielu Bridge is the most beautiful.The deep and lush canyon, the clear and turbulent river, the falling waterfalls, the simple and elegant rural houses, the exotic flowers and plants dotted in the forest edge and the rare birds and animals playing in the jungle and other landscapes, rivers, humanities and ecological landscapes are integrated to form a ecological tourist attraction with the forest as the main body.
Gama Forest Scenic Spot is located in the valley of Gama Zangbu River and its tributaries, which originates from the glacier on the north side of Makalu Peak.Therefore, together with the Yellow Land on the east slope of Makalu Peak, Everest and Luozi Peak, it forms an ecological and adventure tourist attraction with forests as the main body.
Gangga Town Scenic Spot is located on the Sino Nepal Friendship Highway, 67 kilometers southwest of Xiegar, with an altitude of 4340 meters. From here, you can see most of the scenic spots of the Himalayas. The sixth highest peak in the world, Zhuoyou Peak, towers majestically at the southern edge of the basin, with more than 10 peaks more than 1000 meters on both sides. Here, you can also see Everest, Labujikang Snow Mountain and other world famous mountains.
Changsuo Sand Dune Scenic Spot is located 40 kilometers southeast of Dingri County. The natural form of star moon shaped sand dunes has high ornamental value and is an important part of the tourism diversity resources of Mount Everest Reserve.Especially in the east of Zangbu Basin in Xining, there are large meadows and pastures, clear streams, hot springs, primitive Tibetan villages and new Tibetan villages forming a scenic line.
Cangda Hot Spring is located on the hill to the west of Gangga Town (old Dingri), Dingri County. The spring water in the pool is constantly gushing out, and the temperature is pleasant.
The ancient castle on the top of the Zong Mountain in Xieger Town was built in the 13th century in the Wen Dynasty, and Qude Temple on the mountainside was built in 1645. There were dozens of main halls and Buddhist halls dedicated to gold and bronze Buddha statues and collected thousands of Buddhist classics.
Rongbu Temple is located at the foot of Mount Everest, with an altitude of 5010 meters. It is called the highest temple in the world.The full name of the temple is Zarong Bu and Duo Achulin Temple. It belongs to Tibet Ningma Sect and is a mixed temple of monks and nuns.
Ingredients: 15 cordyceps sinensis, 4 liang chicken breast meat, 1 egg, 1 yuan and 4 grams bean flour, 1 yuan ginger, 2 yuan pepper, 1 yuan onion, 2 yuan water mixed bean flour, 3 grams salt, 6 liang butter.Method: Steam the cordyceps first.The chicken breast meat is cut into blocks, and the chicken surface is coated with the mixed egg white and soybean powder, and then fried in the melted liquid butter until cooked.Add salt, ginger, pepper, green onion, fried chicken, steamed cordyceps, and water to stir the bean flour.Simmer for a while, and then serve the dishes.
Honorary title
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In July 2021, Dingri County was selected as a model city (county) in Tibet Autonomous Region to be commended.[5]
