synonymAntioch(Turkish city) generally refers to Antakia
Antakya isturkeySouthern cities,KhathaiThe provincial capital, located at the lower reaches of the Orontes River.The population is 58000.It is the center of important agricultural areas.Wheat production nearbycotton, riceolive, fruits, vegetables.With soapOlive oil, cotton ginning, silk weaving, shoemaking, knife making and other factories.
Antakia may sound strange, but if you read it《Bible》People will know its original name is Antioch.Once wasRomeThe third important city of the empire, Christians were recognized for the first time in this historic town, and Sao Paulo was also the first time to preach here.
Antakia, located in Khathai Province, Turkey, enjoys rich cultural and religious beliefs, which reflect a virtual world of harmonious life.Apart from religion and history, the real purpose of most Turks coming to Antakia is the temptation of delicious food.Khathai Province was once a Syrian territory, but it has become a coveted food. Its inspiration comes from North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia.[1]
Development history
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As early as in prehistoric times, there were primitive settlements near the city of Antioch.But until the Persian Empire ruled Syria, there were only small settlement towns there.Some Greek immigrants from the Aegean Sea arrived here, but failed to develop a decent colonial city.
Antakia was founded in the 4th century BC and was called“Antioch”, or "AntiochAntioch”Its outer port is called Seleucia.As a Middle East and Near East countryChristianityAntigua, the cradle of Egypt, is an important city comparable to Alexandria.
Seleucid Empire
In 323 BC,AlexanderHe died after leaving his own super empire.The generals under his command divided up his heritage for many times, and regularly adjusted it by means of war.In the end, he served as a close aide to the king and commander of the Silver Shield CorpsSeleucus I Nicator Win, occupyMacedonian Empire Most ofAsiaTerritory.In order to consolidate its rule and arrange settlements for its soldiers, the new empire began to build a large number of colonial cities.
be locatedAnatoliaAndSyriaThe city of Antioch on the transportation line took shape at this stage.come fromGreeceSeveral generations of engineers have used the latest technology to build an integrated network, so that the city has a strong self-defense capability.In addition to the new city wall and the Sipius Fortress in the north, the Orent River flows through the city and forms a nearly separate small town in the north.Before Antiochus, Seleucus built the Outer Harbor of Piria, which was later renamedSeleucia。
With the Seleucid Empire andPtolemy Egypt's contradictions are deepening, and Syria's strategic position is far beyondMesopotamian Plain。The capital of the empire moved eastward from Seleucia in Mesopotamia to Antioch, which controlled the traffic between the north and the south.GreeceThe engineers were also instructed to build independent ports so that cities not close to the sea could be easily linked to sea transportation.The monarch of the empire sits here and keeps coming fromaegean seaGreek soldiers were recruited in the West Bank and assigned to the capital of the capital city or other provinces.
Originally goneSidonPort andDamascusTherefore, the trade routes of.At the beginning, Antioch served as the intersection of the two continents of Europe and Asia, and after passing through the Assyrian Plain, it directly led to the capital of Midi, Ecbatana, thus reaching the far east.
althoughSeleucid empire In the second century BC, it tended to decline, but Antiochus's economic status and political significance were constantly improving.At the end of the dynasty andRomanIn the era of eastward movement, there are already 500000 permanent residents here.The huge population size and urban area also make enough space for the fight between different parties.A famous Roman generalPompeiiAfter entering the city, I found that the whole city was torn in two, and there were often weapons fights similar to small wars.At first, he wanted to foster young aristocrat Philip as a puppet, but finally realized that only annexation would be in the interests of the Republic.
Roman Empire
Antakia becameSyrian provincesCapital, and once maintained the status of autonomous city.For the new owner, this is not only a political symbol of the past, but also a very important business center.Silk handled by local markets may even appear in remote British garrison camps.The auxiliary archers there are also Syrian indigenous soldiers recruited from Antioch.During their long service period, they will get spices from the East to cook.
Replacing Egypt from the second century a.dAlexanderBecame the largest city in the eastern part of the Roman Empire until laterConstantinopleEstablishment of.It was the main city of the Roman Empire in Asia and one of the most important centers of ancient Christianity.The Roman authorities would levy a high tax of 25% on city merchants in order to take a cut from the profitable East West trade.However, the local market is still thriving, and there is no need to worry about security issues.Once the east sideParthian Empire When troops are sent to invade, the governor of the city will give instructions to the legions of neighboring provinces to assemble in Antioch.Their daily stationing has nothing to do with the city, so naturally there is no problem of disturbing people.It is said that the population of Antioch had soared to more than 1.5 million by the second century AD, but it should be calculated that the surrounding vast areas.
In 218 AD, something happened near AntiochEragabalusAndMarkrinusContending for the Roman throneBattle of AntiochAnd ended up with the victory of Eragabalus.
As the Roman Empire became more comfortable, Antiochus's security and defense fell into desolation.In 256 AD, Shapur I's army forced the local residents to surrender.Immediately, most of the population was abducted to the east, which made Antioch suffer the biggest blow since its founding.
Before Constantinople was foundedthe Silk RoadThe end point of the Silk Road is Constantinople.
After the separation of East and West Rome, it became one of the four bishops' residences.
At the beginning of the 7th century, Antiochus was onceSassanid Persian Khosrau II The Byzantine Emperor Heraclius later recovered the army of.
Age of Arab Empire
After being captured by Arabs due to earthquakes, plagues and wars, its biggest position in Syria was handed over toDamascusDamascus once becameArab EmpireThe capital of.
In 969 AD, the Byzantine army successfully recaptured the control of Antiochus and rebuilt it. Antiochus became the Eastern Roman Empire second only to Constantinople andThessalonikiThe third largest city in China.Followed bySeljuk TurksThe warlord forces of.Although the Greek population and soldiers in the city still have the right to autonomy, they can only become vassals of the Turkic Sudan.
The era of Antioch Principality
In 1098CrusadersThe troops arrived in northern Syria.After a long and painful siegeArmeniaWith the help of traitors, they entered the city and slaughtered all suspicious targets.But the Crusaders didn't have time to celebrate their victoryTurkicThe army came from the north and east to encircle the city again.With the spread of famine, the entire city of Antioch will be devastated.The Crusaders were forced to go out to fight and destroyed the Turkic troops with an unstoppable and brutal charge.Later, from TarantoBosimond IOccupy here and set up the first crusader regime——Principality of Antioch 。
Antioch became one of the most important garrisons of the crusaders on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean.Influenced by Armenia, the Orthodox Church in the Principality of Antioch also flourished.
Since there are a large number of Armenian forces around, and Cyprus controlled by the Christian world in the west, Antioch has become the last fallen crusader city.When Jerusalem in the south was captured by Egyptian warlord Saladin, the remnants of the crusaders in the north could still rely on the terrain and the help of allies to continue to hold for a period of time.At the same time, some Turkic warlords made peace with the leaders of the Crusaders, making the trade routes connected from Mosul again, which promoted the economic recovery of the city.
When Xu LiewuMongolian Expedition to the WestWhen the army arrived in the Middle East, the Principality of Antioch also became its potential coalition target.A few knights and mercenaries participated in the siege of Baghdad（Battle of Baghdad）, witnessed the highest achievements of the golden age of Islam being erased from the map by the Mongols.
1268Mamluk DynastygeneralBaibarCapture Antioch City（Battle of Antioch）When the Principality of Antiochus was destroyed, the title of Prince of Antiochus became a title of the King of Cyprus, which was often given to young royal family members.
In violation of the City Offering Agreement, Sudan Babas killed all Christians who had laid down their arms.The great city built in the 4th century BC was also razed to the ground according to his order.
Subsequently, the new Antioch was rebuilt with the increasing efforts of immigrants.However, as a truly border city, its historical status and strategic significance are no longer pivotal.Even if it escaped the Timur invasion in the early 15th century, it only recovered to the level of only 300 houses.Most of the caravans were diverted to Damascus in the south or the coast of the Black Sea in the north, which also doomed that the local economy could not recover to the level of the Crusader era.
Ottoman Empire
In 1516, the Ottoman army passed through Antioch without any symbolic resistance.Mamluk's troops were fortified farther south and destroyed by the more powerful Turkish guards.
In the 16th century, the Turks named Antioch Antakia.Since then, Antakia has become an ordinary city in the Ottoman Empire.
modern
When the Ottoman Empire collapsed, Antakia was not divided out because of the large population of Turks and became part of Turkey.Modern Antakia is a relatively international city.Outside the old city, the modern new city has expanded, and there are many restaurants and entertainment facilities.Although most residents are Muslims, religions can coexist peacefully in the community.Turkish and Arabic are widely used here.
climate
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Antakia has a Mediterranean climate, with hot and dry summer and mild and humid winter.However, due to the high altitude, the city is slightly cooler than the coastal area.
