Ontario has a population of 13.448 million (2016 census data), accounting for 38.26% of the total population, ranking first.[2]About 65% of them are of British descent and 5.2% are of Chinese descent (about 700000 people)[2], 5% of them are of French descent and indigenous peopleNorth American Indians 1.5%.
In October 2017, Ontario will set December 13 every year as“Nanking MassacreThe Memorial Day of the Victims made Canada the first country in the West to establish the Memorial Day of the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre.[3]
Before the arrival of Europeans, the main inhabitants of this area were the Agonquians and Iroquois tribes of Indians.From 1610 to 1612, the French explorer Etti Bruner explored parts of Ontario.Henry Hudson, an English explorer, sailed to Hudson Bay in 1611 and declared it to be owned by Britain.But the French Samuel de Champlain arrived at Lake Huron in 1615, and the French missionaries began to set up a camp in the Great Lakes region.These French settlements were attacked by Iroquois who were hostile to them. At that time, Iroquois were more willing to ally with the British.
At the end of the 17th century, the British began to establish a trading post in Hudson Bay and began to fight for control of Ontario.
In 1763, the Seven Year War ended,Treaty of ParisIt stipulates that almost all French territories in North America(i.eNew France ）All to the UK.
In 1774, Ontario was incorporated into Quebec.
From 1783 to 1796, Britain granted 200 hectares of land to the royalists who fled the American Revolution, allowing them to start a new life in Canada.This measure led to a rapid increase in the Canadian population west of the Ottawa River.
In 1791, the Constitution Act divided Quebec into two parts: Upper Canada to the west of the Ottawa River and Lower Canada to the east.
In the War of 1812, the American army crossed the Niagara River and the Detroit River into Ontario, but was driven out by the British army and the aboriginal army.The US army controlled Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, and once occupied York in the Battle of York(Today's Toronto)However, the US troops were unable to hold York, so they burned it to the ground when retreating.
In 1840, the two Canadian provinces were merged into Canada.
Around 1850, the British population in Canada exceeded the French population.
On July 1, 1867,British North American lawIn effect, Canada is divided into Ontario and Quebec, Ontario, Quebecnova scotia andNew BrunswickThe four provinces form the Dominion of Canada.Toronto has since officially become the capital of Ontario.
From 1872 to 1896, Oliver Murwat was elected governor of Ontario.During his term of office, the power and territory of Ontario were expanded. The vast area from Lake Superior to Hudson Bay in northwest Ontario became a part of Ontario.Built by the federal government in the same periodCanadian Pacific RailwayPassing through Ontario has also promoted the development of industry in the province.
Seaside scenery
At the end of the 19th century, the mining industry in Ontario began to flourish.At the same time, they began to useHydropower generation。Cheap electricity promoted the development of manufacturing industry in 1904FordCanada Branch opened in Windsor in 1918general motors The Canadian branch was also established.Auto manufacturing has since become one of Ontario's major industries.
After World War II, Ontario's economy continued to develop, and the Greater Toronto region attracted a large number of immigrants.Since 1980, many immigrants have come from outside Europe, and Ontario has become a multi-ethnic province.
Since the 1970s, due to the influence of Quebec's independence movement, many businesses have changed fromMontrealThe transfer to Toronto has made Toronto the largest city in Canada, surpassing Montreal.[5]
administrative division
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As of 2015, Ontario has 50 county-level administrative regions.These administrative regions can be divided into three categories: single level autonomous regions, high-level autonomous regions and regions.Among them, high-level autonomous regions can be subdivided into county and regional autonomous bodies.A single tier autonomous region is an administrative region directly under Ontario, equivalent to an independent city.Among them, major cities in Ontario include Ottawa, Waterloo, Windsor, Hamilton, etc. The provincial capital is Toronto.[6]
Major cities in Ontario
Toronto
Ottawa
City of Brampton
Hamilton
City of London
Markham
Waterloo
windsor
Mississauga
geographical environment
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Location context
Ontario is located at 41 °~57 ° north latitude, 74 °~95 ° west longitude, and the northernmost point is with BritainLondonPolandWarsawThe same latitude, and the southernmost point is the same latitude as Baotou, Shenyang and other places in China.North tohudson bay , adjacent to the eastQuebec, westManitobaIn the southMinnesota、Michigan、Ohio、PennsylvaniaandNew YorkIs the boundary.
Ontario covers an area of 1.068 million square kilometers, which is larger than the combined area of France and Spain.The farthest distance from east to west is 1690 kilometers;It is 1730 kilometers long from north to south.[1]
topographic features
The topography of Ontario is caused by the uplift and erosion of the continent, the movement of glaciers, and the continuous effect of wind, waves, water and gravity. The commanding point of Ontario is in the Ishibatina Mountains.Ontario can be divided into three geographical regions: the Canadian Shield is located in the northwest and north central part, and extends to the southeast of the province. The land is barren, characterized by granite structure, pine forests, lakes and rivers;The northeast is the Hudson Bay lowland, which is composed of marsh, grassland and forest;The southeast is the Great Lakes region and the St. Lawrence River lowland, with fertile soil, suitable for farming.[1]
The southern Ontario has a humid continental climate, with cold winter and hot and humid summer;The north has a sub arctic climate.The huge water bodies in the south and north regulate the climate, so the temperature in winter and summer is not too low or too high, and the freezing in autumn comes late, so the temperature difference between day and night is relatively small.The lowest temperature in a year is January, and the highest temperature is July.The average temperature in January is - 13 ℃ in the eastern Ottawa River basin;- 4 ℃ from Niagara Falls to Windsor;The average temperature in July is 23 ℃ in the southwest and 19 ℃ in the east.The seasonal temperature difference in the north is large.
The cold wind in the Arctic and the warm and humid air flow in the south converge over Ontario, making it rich in rain and snow all year round.The annual precipitation in the north averages 70cm to 97cm;The average in the south is 95 cm.The area with the largest snowfall is located in an inland area from Lake Huron to the east.[7]
natural resources
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mineral resources
Ontario is rich in copper, nickel, gold, silver, platinum, cobalt, zinc, diamonds and other metal minerals, as well as salt, gypsum, lime, sand, stone, gravel and other non-metallic minerals, while the Canadian Shield is near Sudbury as the mineral center.[4]
Freshwater resources
In Indian, "Ontario" means "beautiful lakes", which means that there are many lakes in the province. There are more than 250000 lakes and rivers with a total length of more than 100000 kilometers in the province. The fresh water reserves account for one third of the world's total fresh water.The river in the south flows through the Great Lakes region andSt. Lawrence RiverAnd finally flows into the Atlantic Ocean;Most of the rivers in the north run into Hudson Bay and James Bay.The numerous rivers in Ontario, especially the Niagara River shared with the United States, provide abundant hydropower resources.[1]
Population and nationality
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Ontario is a large province composed of immigrants. As of July 1, 2010, Ontario has a population of 13.211 million, accounting for 38.7% of the total population of Canada, ranking first, of which about 65% are of British descent, 5% are of French descent, and about 600000 are of Chinese descent. The official language is English.[8]
Ontario's ethnic diversity, the province's indigenous people for North American Indians.As of 2015, there were about 190000 aborigines in Ontario, accounting for 1.5% of the provincial population and about one-fifth of the total aborigines in Canada.[9]
Politics
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Canadian Capitol
The deputy governor, also known as the provincial governor, is the head of stateKing Charles III (King of England, Head of Commonwealth)The representative in Ontario is the representative of the king's sovereignty in the province and was recommended by the governor of OntarioGovernor of Canadaappointment.
Ontario has a unicameral system. The government election is held once every five years. The head of the provincial government is the governor, who is the leader of the majority party in the parliament. He appoints ministers and forms the Executive Council. The current governor is Doug Ford.The main political parties in Ontario include Ontario Conservative Party, Ontario Liberal Party and Ontario New Democratic Party.Ontario has 24 seats in the Canadian House of Lords(105 seats in total), 121 seats in the House of Commons(338 seats in total)。
In addition, Ottawa, as the political center of Canada, is located in Ontario, where there are government agencies such as the Canadian Parliament Building and the Governor's Office.[6]
Economics
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overview
In 2013, Ontario achieved a gross national product (GDP) of $695.705 billion, with a per capita GDP of $46400.[4]In 2013, Ontario achieved GDP（GDP）695.705 billion Canadian dollars, accounting for 36.7% of the total Canadian economy;The per capita GDP was $46400, the inflation rate was 1.0%, and the unemployment rate was 7.5%.In the first three quarters of 2014, Ontario's GDP totaled $727.186 billion, up 1.5% month on month.
primary industry
Ontario mainly grows corn, vegetables, wheat, tobacco, etc. The St. Lawrence River valley in the south has become a gathering place for agriculture and animal husbandry because of its fertile soil. There are important vegetable and fruit production bases and wineries between Lake Clair and Lake Erie and on the Niagara Peninsula;Near Ottawa;Apple planting;There is the world's largest duplex greenhouse near Leimington, most of which are used to grow tomatoes;Along the shore of Lake Huron and near George Bay are beef production centers. Ontario is also a major beekeeping province.[6]
the secondary industry
Ontario's industry is mainly manufacturing, and the southeastern urban belt is the industrial center of Canada.The main products include automobile, steel, food, electrical appliances, machinery, chemical industry and paper industry, among which automobile assembly and parts manufacturing are the pillar industries of Ontario.
the service sector; the tertiary industry
Rivers in urban areas
Toronto, the capital of Ontario, is the heart of Canada's financial industry and the third largest financial center in North America.Five of Canada's six largest local banks and the largest insurance companies are headquartered in Toronto.The Toronto Stock Exchange is the third largest in North America and the seventh largest in the world. The total number of listed companies is the second in the world, and the number of mining and resource companies is the first in the world.
Ontario's technology industry is mainly concentrated in MarkhamWaterlooAnd Ottawa.The province is also one of the largest biomedical research centers in North America. It has successfully produced the world's first meningitis vaccine for children. Banting and Best are the first discoverers of insulin.[4]
University of TorontoFounded in 1827, it is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in North America, ranking 9th among all public universities in the world(2006Newsweek）。Located in Toronto, the university has three campuses, 300 undergraduate majors and 32 libraries.The library of the University of Toronto ranks the third among the top universities in North America, slightly inferior toHarvard UniversityandYale University。University majors include everything from aerospace technology to zoology, and won theNobel PrizeThe number of professors is also the largest in Canada.
University of Toronto
University of Ottawa
Established in 1848University of OttawaIt is the oldest and largest English French bilingual university in North America, and ranked 10th in the medical doctoral category of Macalline Canadian University in 2013.As a comprehensive and research-oriented world-class university, it provides more than 36000 students from different countries on five continents with diversified bilingual courses.The 10 colleges of the university have different degrees and professional courses, including management, art, education, engineering, health science, law (common law and civil law), medicine, science and social science.
University of Western Ontario
The University of Western Ontario is located in Ontario, CanadaLondonThe city's public university for doctors in medicine, business school and the medical school of the department are the most famous, and its comprehensive medical research level ranks among the top medical universities in Canada.The schoolcase lawEducation andMiniaturization and low cost surgeryIt is a link between the past and the future in two fields, and has profound achievements in body surface wind tunnel, alternative energy, small industrial engine, food nutrition and other subjects.Because of its financial consortium background, it has become a base for Canada's new industrial and commercial nobles and their families to cultivate reserve talents.
Ontario Polytechnic University
Ontario Polytechnic UniversityIt is the most modern public university in Canada, located near the Great Lake in the east of Toronto, Canada's largest cityOshawaWith a total area of more than 1.6 million square meters, the university is the first public university in Ontario to teach by laptop computer.All students will use laptops for class during the semester.
medical care
The Ontario government's annual budget for public health care is $46 billion, and personal health expenditure is $20 billion, with a total annual health expenditure of $66 billion.
As of 2011, Ontario has gathered more than 1100 medical technology enterprises with 22000 employees, making it the third largest medical technology R&D cluster in the world.Children's Hospital, located in downtown Toronto, is the earliest children's medical care institution in the world. Since its establishment in 1875, it has been committed to promoting the integrated development of children's health care, research and education.[10]
Travel?
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Toronto
Toronto
Toronto is located in the northwest of Lake Ontario. It is the capital of Ontario, the largest city in Canada, and an international metropolis of finance, industry and commerce. It is also composed of five cities and one autonomous town."Toronto" in Indian means "the place where people gather".There are more than 300 elk statues with different sizes and shapes in Toronto, which makes Toronto known as the "City of Elk".
Ottawa has many museums.Royal Ontario Museum The most famous part of theAncient EgyptCollection of;The Ontario Museum of Art has at least 20000 valuable works of art, and collects British sculptorsHenry MooreMore than 900 pieces of works;Bata Shoes Museum has collected more than 10000 kinds of shoes from Siberian reindeer boots to flat soled boots worn by Elton John.
Located in TorontoCanada National Television TowerIt is the third tallest tower in the world. It only takes 58 seconds to take the elevator to view the scenery of Ontario and Toronto;In shopping, Toronto has Eaton Department Store, Simpson and other large department stores;In terms of culture and education, there are 11 universities and colleges alone. The University of Toronto is the largest institution of higher learning in China;andToronto Chinatown It is a place where Chinese people live. There are five or six Chinese cinemas in the city;Near Toronto, there are Canada's largest wildlife park, the 18th century Royal Military Academy, the European style honeymoon resort - Victoria Town and the French winery with unique brewing technology;In addition, the most famousNiagara Falls。[6]
Ottawa
Ottawa
Rising inOttawa RiverOttawa is the capital of Canada and one of the coldest capitals in the worldLido CanalThe world's largest skating rink.Ottawa is an important city for cultural and scientific research in China,University of Ottawa, Carlton University and other top universities, famous scientific academies and research centers are all located here.There are also many museums in the city, such as the National Art Center, the National Art Museum, the National Civilization Museum, the Canadian Natural History Museum, the National Science and Technology Museum, the National Military Museum, the National Aviation Museum, the Postal Museum, the National Library, the Royal Mint, and so on.At the Royal Mounted Police Music Equestrian Performance Center, you can enjoy the best horse performance of the Royal Mounted Police in Canada.Wangmashi Street near the center of the city is a concentration area of Chinese shops.
OttawaCapitol HillOn the three bronze plated Gothic buildings, you can have a bird's eye view of the whole city, and the guard handover ceremony is held here every day.[6]
Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls is also called "Horseshoe"waterfall”Tourists can take the "Girl in the Fog" yacht to the foot of the waterfall.Take part in the "Adventure behind the Waterfall" or stand in the Stone Table Scenic Area to enjoy the rare waterfall spectacle at a distance of several feet.You can also go through Slonta, NiagaraJet speedboat, Konica Minolta Tower, or take a helicopter to take a bird's-eye view of the waterfall.Walking along the whitewater road along the lower reaches of the waterfall, you can enjoy the spectacular scene of hundreds of millions of gallons of water flowing into the Niagara River below.Along the Niagara Park Boulevard lies an elaborately decorated garden.
In the town not far from the waterfall, there are many entertainment attractions, including the six story wide screen stereoscopic cinema, and the Delderwood Pavilion, which collects a lot of valuable historical information.CliftonThere areLouis Tussaud wax products、Guinness World RecordsMuseumsMGM FilmsThe center and other scenic spots.In addition, there are also places like Ma Linlan and the huge butterfly greenhouse.[11]
Algonquin Provincial Park
Argonquin Provincial Park is the largest, oldest and most famous country park in Ontario. Located 350 kilometers north of Toronto, Argonquin Provincial Park is an important wildlife conservation area in Ontario.This park, located in the small town of Whitney, has nearly a thousand lakes and a large area of rich forests.
When autumn comes every year, it becomes a sea of maple leaves, red, yellow and maroon all over the mountains.Tourists can also go canoeing for more than 1650 kilometers.The 7600 square kilometers of the park is a game reserve. Tourists can see groups of rare animals, such as elk, rabbits and bears. They can also see Canada's national treasure, which is reputed as an architect in the animal worldBeaverThe figure of.[12]
