The barge is also called "sub mother ship".It refers to the "ship" specially carrying cargo barges.The mode of transportation is: first load the goods into barges with uniform specifications, then load them onto the loaded barges with these barges as freight units, unload the barges after arriving at the transit port, and then tow the groups of barges to the inland river destination port with tugboats.The barge type is basically similar to the container ship. The upper deck is flat, and the bridge and superstructure are as close to the bow as possible to allow more deck area for stacking barges.The characteristics of barge transportation are as follows: ① shorten the port dwell time; ②Not limited by the depth of the port. ③Not affected by wharf congestion. ④It can realize river sea intermodal transportation. Before the 1990s, the common barges were "Rashi" type and "Sibi" type, but both of them were out of operation.[1]
Lighter Aboard Ship (LASH) and Seabee are two commonly used barges.[2]
carryCargo bargeOfTransport ship, also called subMother ship。The barge is used for river sea combined transportation.The operation process is to load the barge (a ship with uniform dimensions, also called a sub ship) with goods, then load the barge onto the barge (also called the mother ship), and transport it toPort of destinationAfter that, the barge will be unloaded from the water areaPush a boatThey are dispatched to the destination port for loading and unloading and waiting for another transportation.The advantages of carrying barges are that there is no need for docks and yards, the loading and unloading efficiency is high, the berthing time is short, and it is convenient for river sea combined transportation.Its disadvantages are high cost, need to equip multiple sets of barges for turnover, need to work in wide waters with good berthing conditions, and suitable for river sea intermodal transport routes with relatively stable cargo sources.Therefore, although the United States built the first barge as early as 1963, it has not been greatly developed.
According to the way of loading and unloading barges, barges are divided intoportal craneType, lifting type andFloating dockFormula.Gantry crane loaded barges lay gantry crane tracks on both sides, and use gantry crane to load and unload barges at the stern;The lift barge is equipped at the sternLifting platformLoading and unloading barges, and equipped with transport trucks to transport the barges in place;When loading and unloading barges with floating dock barge, the mother ship should sink to a certain depth first, open the door at the bow or stern, and make the barge float in and out. This kind of barge does not need to be equipped with lifting equipment, but it needs to operate in the water with deep water, so its use conditions are limited.
Transportation process
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The transportation process of barges is to load the cargoes scattered in each wharf of the inland river onto barges, and then drag these barges in formation to the side of the barges at anchor, and load them onto the barges for transportation;Upon arrival at the port of destination.Barges are anchored in deep water, unloaded, and delivered to their respective docks by tugs. This mode of transportation is also called "door-to-door transportation", that is, goods can be loaded into barges from the docks of a factory in the inland river, and then transported to the docks of another factory by barge transportation, and then unloaded.In this way, the transshipment of goods in the middle and the additional costs incurred thereby are avoided, and the berth fees for carrying barges are saved.[2]
Type of barge
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Lash
"Rashi" barge, also known as ordinary barge, is the largest type of barge.Single deck, without double layers of paper, the cabin is a divided structure, each barge can be stacked with four layers of sub barges, and two layers of sub barges can be stacked on the deck.To facilitate the loading of barges, rails are set on the deck along both sides, and there are rails that can move longitudinally along the railsportal craneSo as to lift the sub barge into and out of the cargo hold.
SEABEE
Also called sea bee barge, it is a double side, double bottom, multi-layer deck ship.The track for transporting the sub barge is set longitudinally on the deck, and the lift shaft andLifting platform(lift), with a lifting capacity of up to 2000 tons.The sub barge enters and exits the mother ship through the tail lifting platform instead of usingportal craneWhen lifting in and out of the mother ship, when the sub barge is lifted to the same level on the deck, the barge shall be rolled by a trolley to the designated location for parking.
Barcat
Its ship type is characterized by single bow, double body and double tail (the tail is in the form of dovetail fork), so it is also called double body barge, and its loading and unloading method is the same as that of "Sibi" type.8-10 "Barcat" barges can be loaded on the upper deck of the ship;In the tunnel between the twin hulls, 3 "Rashi" barges can be tied and towed, and the total number of barges is 13, which belongs to low speed small ships with small power.
Barco
also calledFloating dockThe main characteristics of the type loaded barge are: the sub barge enters and exits the mother ship, neitherportal craneLifting in and out is not to useLifting platformThe barge (mother ship) is used to sink into a certain water depthFloating dockThe barge (sub barge) is floated in and out for loading, unloading and transportation.
Advantages and disadvantages
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The advantage of barge loading is that the cargo unit is a barge, and loading and unloading can be carried out at any place inside or outside the port area, which can greatly shorten the port dwell time, improve the loading and unloading speed, and the mother ship is not affected by the depth of the port and the wharf berth, and can realize river sea combined transportation.Its main disadvantages are: high ship cost;Since the barges to be carried by barges may be distributed in different terminals, careful planning is required to ensure efficient transportation, so there are high requirements for the organization of cargo sources and the arrangement of shipping plans;The way of lifting the barge up and down makes the structure of the lifting equipment complex and easy to damage;The transportation cost of carrying barges is much higher than that of traditional freighters or container ships.[2]
