Loujiang River starts from Suzhou in the westLoumen, east toKunshan、TaicangCaolu Village at the junction, next toLiuhe, flowing through the industrial parkLoufeng Street、Wuzhong DistrictXietang Street、Weiting StreetHekunshan is 53.13km long.Including Wuxian County (today's Wuzhong District, Xiangcheng District)[6]21.63 km, Kunshan 28 km, Gusu 3.5 km.Across the hinterland of Suzhou, Hebei is Yangcheng District, and Henan is Dianmao District. There are many tributaries on both sides of the river, with well-developed water network, which is an important diversion and drainage regulation channel in the hinterland of Suzhou.[1]
Gulou River is the main outlet road in the northeast of Taihu Lake. As the coastline moves eastward, the river channel is blocked after the middle Tang Dynasty.According to the survey of the Department of Geography of East China Normal University, a linear low sand zone radiates from Taihu LakeYangcheng LakeFurther east, to the north of the current Liuhekou RiverQipu PondThe area to the south entering the sea is the old road of the ancient Lou River.In history, Nianyukou was regarded as the head of the ancient Loujiang River.Qing Dynasty《Taihu Lake for reference》According to: "The water of Taihu Lake flows into the pond from Nianyu Mouth (today'sWuzhong DistrictXitang River）Wulong BridgetoPanel door, around the county townLoumen；One branch turns to the east from the Wulong Bridge toTantai Lake, take the bridge out of the treasure and enter the canal, then turn northFengmenIt flows with Panmen, to the northeast of Loumen, and from Hetang to Liuhe River in Taicang to the sea. "[2]
Main stream
Announce
edit
Loujiang
The Gulou River has been abandoned since the Tang Dynasty.[3]The Loujiang River today was originally named Kunshantang, and was renamed Hetang after dredging in the second year of the Song Zhihe era (1055)Hongzhi Period(1488-1505) was renamed Loujiang.1958 TuojunLiuheAt that time, Caolu Village in Kunshan was taken as the dividing point between Loujiang River and Liuhe River.Kunshan CityYushan TownThe section from East Gate to West Gate of Taicang City is called Taicangtang (Dongloujiang River), and the section from Qingyang Port of Kunshan City to Suzhou City is called Suzhou Tang (Xiloujiang River), of whichLoumentoKunshanThe section of Yushan Town is also called Kunshantang.[2]
Loujiang River starts from the Huancheng River outside Loumen in Suzhou and flows throughSuzhou Industrial Park Lou Feng, outside the pondWeiting StreetHekunshan CityZhengyi Town, Yushan Town, ChengnanZhoushi TownWait town (street), inFluffyCaolu Village connects Liuhe River in the east, with a length of 53.13 kilometers.The river course is smooth and straight, which is the main channel from Suzhou to Kunshan and Taicang, and can be used for navigation of 60~100 tonnage ships all the year round.Loujiang BeitongYangcheng LakeIn the south, there are Qingqiupu, Xiyoujing, Dongyoujing and other tributaries to Wusong River, and on both sides there are more than 30 tributaries, such as Louxiepu.[2]Inherited from SuzhouWater, letdownLiuheEntering the river, receiving the water of Yangcheng Lake in the north and meeting in the southChenghu LakeWater is a main water diversion artery in Yangcheng and Dianmao areas, and also the main waterway from Suzhou to Kunshan and Taicang.[3]The bottom width of the river is 35~80m, and the elevation of the river bottom is - 1~1.94m.The flow rate was 79.7 m3/s on August 21, 1980 and 80.1 m3/s on July 20, 1983.The river reach in Kunshan City is 23.29 kilometers long,Yushan TownThe average width of the river to the west of Shihe River is 70 meters, and the average width of the river to the east of Qingyang Port is 120 meters.[2]
Loujiang
hydrographic features
Announce
edit
According to actual measurement, the discharge of Lou River was 79.7 m3/s on August 21, 1980 and 80.1 m3/s on July 20, 1983.Before the renovation, the river course in the urban area can only be navigable for vessels of less than 20 tons. After renovation, vessels of 60~100 tons can be navigable all year round.[3-4]
The Suzhou urban section of Loujiang River runs from Loumen to Fenghuangjing, with a length of 3.5 kilometers, a river surface of about 30 meters, a bottom width of about 15 meters, and a water depth of more than 2 meters in low water.However, there is still a narrow and shallow river near Guandu Bridge in the urban area.The Wuxian section of Loujiang River is 21.63km long.2。When the water level is 8m, the river is 55.2m wide, the bottom width is about 30m, the flow rate is 0.2m/s, and the flow rate is 36.2m3/s;When the water level is 4m, the river is 60m wide, the flow rate is 0.4m/s, and the flow rate is 100m3/s.The Kunshan section of Loujiang River is 28km long, 3.5m deep in low water and about 40m wide at the bottom.[3-4]
Since Qiu Yuquan dredged the Loujiang River in the second year of the Zhihe era of the Song Dynasty (1055)WaterThe Liuhe River was discharged into the sea, which was highly valued by the rulers of previous dynasties. According to the available data, there were 34 large and small dredging operations from the Song Dynasty to the founding of the People's Republic of China.[1]（See atlas[1]）
When the People's Republic of China was liberated in 1949, the riverbed of the Lou River was silted up, with a wide gap between width and width, especially in the sections beyond the pond, Weiting and the towns in Kunshan urban area. The river bottom elevation was more than 1.0m, and the town height was more than 1.5m. When the water level was 3.0m, the narrowest part of the river was only 8m wide. During the flood season, the water in the "bottleneck" section was fast, and traffic accidents occurred frequently,After the renovation of the second phase project in 1976, the discharge capacity increased significantly, so Suzhou implemented the Lou River dredging project.[1]
1、 Outward crossing pond and Weiting town section
In October 1976,Wuxian CountyLoujiang Project Headquarters was established, and Yu Guoying was appointed as the project commander by the county party committee.According to the requirements of the unified planning of water conservancy in Suzhou, the water section of the two towns of Weiting, Weiting and outside the pond, with a length of 3.3km, shall be extended first.The construction steps are "two first, one following", that is, the town retaining wall first, the demolition and construction of houses first, and the municipal river earthwork first. Before the large number of migrant workers are stationed on the site, the county headquarters organizes 3650 masons from seven communities, including Fengqiao, Jinshan, Tibetan books, Waiguatang, to demolish houses and demolish old stone revetments.[1]
On the fourth day of the first lunar month, more than 10000 migrant workers from 33 townships in Wuxian County were put into construction.During the construction period, it was snowy, freezing, and the weather was bad. In addition, the construction site was narrow and crowded, and the transportation of soil and earth across the street, so the construction conditions were extremely difficult.Through the joint efforts of cadres and migrant workers, we have worked hard for 40 days to complete the excavation of 438000 cubic meters of municipal river reach on schedule. The standard bottom width of the river reaches 32 meters and 34 meters respectively, and the bottom height is 1.0 meters.The 2450m retaining wall and the underwater part of four bridges were built by surprise, ensuring the implementation of the plan of dam demolition and navigation in April.At the same time, two tributaries of Louxiepu and Qingqiupu on the south bank of the Loujiang River were excavated, with a total length of 9 kilometers, 612000 cubic meters of earthwork completed, three small Weikou gates, 43 river crossing highway bridges, tractor bridges and pedestrian bridges, improving the drainage conditions of more than 100000 mu of farmland around.[1]
The national investment in this phase of the project is 420000 yuanLocal financeRMB 1.02 million was raised, 1022 houses were demolished, 480.2 mu of land was requisitioned, and 492.5 mu of waste land was crushed.[1]
IIWuxian CountyExtension and dredging of Kunshan reach
In the winter of 1977, the extension and dredging project of Loujiang River was started, and the construction was carried out by sections in Wuxian County and Kunshan County.The extension and dredging in Wuxian County is 10.2km long, from cross pond toSongzhuang1.2 km, from Songzhuang to the junction of Jiepaigang and Kunshan via Weiting Zhujia Village, 9 km long.The engineering design standard is that the river bottom is 35m wide for the section from Tangpan to Songzhuang, and 40m wide for the section from Songzhuang to Jiepaigang. The river bottom gradient is 1/30000, and the slope ratio is 1:2.The project was started on November 25. Twenty five thousand migrant workers from 31 communes in the county participated in the construction. It took one month to open the dam and release water on December 25. 1.02 million cubic meters of earth was excavated manually, 12000 cubic meters of dam was dredged by machines, and the national investment was 531000 yuan (including compensation for 569 mu of waste farmland and house demolition).In the final stage of the project,Wuxian CountyThe project headquarters is responsible for ensuring the East Taihu Lake of the basin projectDike rehabilitationThe first phase of the project was completed on schedule and moved to East Taihu Lake, but the excavated earthwork was not properly handled, and the soil on both banks was not evenly picked and leveled.In November 1978, the headquarters from Wuxian CountyTaipu RiverMore than 700 migrant workers from Weiting, Xietang and Kuantang communities were transferred back to the work section for 20 days to complete the remaining works in Loujiang according to the design standards.[1]
The extension of Loujiang River in Kunshan is 23.24km long (including the lower section of Shanghai Nanjing Railway Bridge and the urban section of Kunshan).On November 10, 1977,Kunshan CountyThe "Loujiang Project Headquarters" was set up. On the 30th, the county party committee held a meeting of oath taking of the Loujiang Project with 40000 migrant workers in the stadium.The design section of the river channel is 36 meters wide from Jiepaigang to Sanliqiao, and the height of the river bottom gradually decreases from - 1.49 meters to - 1.80 meters;The bottom width of the river from Sanli Bridge to Ying'en Bridge gradually changes from 40 meters to 32 meters, connecting with the bottom width of the river reach in Yushan City;The Dongqiao Bridge to Qingyang Port is a flat Xinkai River with a bottom width of 36m and a bottom height of 1.94m from 1.88m;The river bottom from Baitatou, Qingyang Port to Qingshuigang Port is 60m wide, and the rest is a transition section, which is 80m wide to the bottom of Xinliu River to coincide with the water crossing section of Xinliu River. The river bottom from Baitatou to Qingshuigang Port is relatively wide, with width replacing depth, which is - 1.2m, and the junction of Xinliu River is - 2.29m.The slope ratio is 1:3 for the section from Qingshuigang to Xinliu River, and 1:2 for the rest. The height of the river embankment is 6.0 meters, and the width of the top of the embankment is 3 meters. The standard of the green ridge surface is not required to be consistent, and measures should be taken according to local conditions.[1]
On December 1, the Jiepaigang Qingyang section was started, with about 50000 migrant workers.During the construction, the standing committee member of the county party committee led the cadres to the construction site for many times, which greatly encouraged the migrant workers.It only takes 11 days for Chengbei Camp to complete the earth excavation task first.On December 29, the two sections of the project were completed successively, with 1.51 million cubic meters of earthwork completed, 1.0504 million yuan of national investment, 365000 kilograms of grain supplement, and 565.07 mu of waste excavated area.On the 18th, dam construction began in the east of Qingyang Port.On January 3 and 4 of the next year, the headquarters of the Kunshan Loujiang Project called more than 600 cadres at or above the battalion (commune) and company (brigade) level to participate in the "Final Battle Loujiang Mobilization Conference".On January 10, the ground was broken and 35000 people were put into construction. Due to the poor soil quality of the riverbed in this section, the deep silt and continuous rain, the road is muddy and difficult to drive. It is particularly difficult to carry the soil and dig the soil. The labor consumption of migrant workers is very high, and the project progress is slow. Then, the soil methods such as bamboo jumping, straw braiding, filling the dry mud, and digging mud puddles were adopted to improve the efficiency of carrying the mud. On January 30, the project was completed,On February 3, the dam was blasted to release water for navigation.It is estimated that 1.49 million cubic meters of earthwork will be completed, 733500 yuan will be invested by the state, 299500 kilograms of grain will be supplemented, and 255.6 mu of waste will be excavated.[1]
3、 Regulation of Lower Reach of Bridge 62 on Shanghai Nanjing Railway
Under No. 62 railway bridgeEarthworksFrom 200 meters west of the uplink bridge in the west to 200 meters east of the downlink bridge in the east, within the Loujiang section, the total length is 530 meters, and the river bottom between the two bridges is 30 meters wide.There are 100m transition sections in the upstream and downstream respectively to connect with the 40m standard section of Lou River. The river bottom elevation is - 1.59m. The upstream bridge reconstruction project isShanghai Railway BureauThe survey and design institute of the Infrastructure Engineering Department designed the project, and the bridge construction team of the Railway Bureau constructed the project. The reconstruction cost was compensated by the water conservancy fund of 593100 yuan.[1]
On November 14, 1977, the headquarters of the Loujiang Project in Kunshan County sent a letter to the Shanghai Railway Bureau, requesting the commercial research on "several problems encountered in the extension and dredging of the Loujiang Project and the Huning Qian62 Bridge".November 23, Suzhou, Shanghai Railway BureauTrack maintenance depotThe responsible person went to Kunming to contact with the river project under the bridge, and proposed that the upstream bridge is an old bridge with a shallow foundation. In order not to affect the normal railway transportation, it is suggested to postpone dredging of the river section under the bridge.[1]
In the flood season of 1980, because the old river at Bridge 62 was heavily flooded and the drop between the upstream and downstream was large, 27 ships were sunk in a short period of time. The dredging of this section is imminent.Suzhou Water Conservancy Bureau sentShanghai Railway BureauSend a letter on the design standard of the river engineering under Bridge 62.On October 22, Kunshan County established the "Leading Group for the River Channel Project under the No.62 Railway Bridge of Loujiang River".In order to cooperate with the construction of Bridge 62EarthworksIt is carried out in two stages.More than 1500 migrant workers were transferred from Zhengyi and Chengnan Commune for the first phase of the project. The construction started on December 1 and ended on January 28 of the next year. 100000 cubic meters of earthwork were completed, 773100 yuan of water conservancy investment (including the reconstruction cost of the uplink bridge) was invested, 23000 kg of grain was supplemented, and 36.88 mu of waste land was dug and pressed.On February 26, the engineering team of Suzhou Water Conservancy Bureau dredged the upstream and downstream main dams below the water, and on April 26, the project was completed.[1]
During the river construction, two 500 pound bombs, one small bomb (the Japanese did not explode the bridge during the Anti Japanese War) and one "60" bomb, eight grenades and several bullets were dug out and sent to the public security department for destruction.[1]
The reconstructed Huning Qian62 uplink railway bridge is 58.2m long. The north hole is a 10.8m wide Suzhou Shanghai highway, the middle hole is 40m long and the south hole is 7.4m long, which can be used for navigation and water discharge.When the water level is 3.5 meters, the downstream section of the uplink bridge reaches 181.8 square meters. Because the pier section of the downlink bridge after reinforcement is large, the downstream section is 166.1 square meters, 89.3 square meters smaller than the standard overflow section of Lou River, which is 255.4 square meters east of the bridge.[1]
4、 Reconstruction of Kunshan River Reach
In the reach of Kunshan City, the river is narrow, with a face width of 17 meters, and the narrowest Nancheng Bridge is only 7 meters wide, with serious water binding.According to the measured data of Suzhou Hydrological Station at that time, whenYangcheng LakeWhen the flow entering the west section of Lou River is 65.23 m3/s, the corresponding flow of the east drainage of the river in Yushan City is only 3.71 m3/s, which is very different.Due to the sharp reduction of the river section in the city, the water flow at the "bottleneck" mouth is rapid, and traffic accidents occur frequently, sometimes the ships are blocked for more than ten days, seriously affecting the normal traffic and navigation.[1]
Yushan Town, the seat of Kunshan County Government, is the political, economic, cultural, transportation and commercial center of the whole county.The extension and renovation of municipal rivers will involve the renovation, layout and planning of municipal construction, as well as the economic interests of various departments and units. The project is difficult.The Kunshan County Water Conservancy Bureau carefully listened to the opinions of all parties, weighed the advantages and disadvantages, and completed the project design and budget on September 1, 1976 on the principle of not only benefiting the Loujiang River water diversion and drainage, but also taking into account the urban construction planning of Yushan, and saving the project investment as much as possible.The extension and dredging project of Shihe River starts from Sanliqiao in the west, passes through Dongchenghe, goes out of Yulongqiao to the vegetable oil plant (that is, to Hetang andZhangjiagangAt the intersection, the Hetang Laohe River line will be used for dredging, and the Kunming Taiyuan Highway will also be reconstructed on the original basis and reported to the county party committee for discussion and finalization.[1]
On November 1, 1976, Kunshan County established the "Kunshan County Yushan City River Project Headquarters", specifically responsible for the implementation of the project, under the command of Li Xieliang, the deputy secretary of the county party committee, Yu Daliang, the deputy director of the county revolutionary committee, Ma Zhifei, the deputy director of the county planning committee, and Sun Xuezhi, the secretary of the party committee of Yushan Town, with five members including Yu Liqing, Zhou Rixiang, Song Wen, Li Yong, and Tang Yangmin.[1]
On December 28, 1976, Kunshan County Water Conservancy Bureau revised the design scheme according to the research opinions of the county party committee. The city river line was changed from 50 meters east of Sanli BridgeYing'en Bridge, OldZhengyang Bridge, abandoned to the old river channel of Hetang without dredgingDongpingThe ground was excavated to Qingyang Port, and the highway was also changed from Henan to the east and west bridges.Although the project investment of this scheme is larger than that of the previous scheme, it is beneficial to the improvement of the appearance of Yushan Town and the economic development of Yushan Town in the future.[1]
In July 1977, the removal of houses and other obstacles was started in three batches, with 70634 square meters of various buildings demolished.On October 18, 1977, Suzhou Planning Committee replied and approved the construction.On November 25, 1977, the municipal river regulation project was started, and 13600 migrant workers were recruited to participate in the construction.Due to the density of houses in the urban area, it is not easy to excavate, so it needs to run around, and the progress is slow at the beginning.Later, the wall of the house that has not been demolished was pierced and passed over the wall, shortening the transportation distance and speeding up the construction progress.In May of the next year, the project was completed.It is planned to complete 650000 cubic meters of earthwork, and the actual expenditure of the project is 14.8 million yuan, of which 2066100 yuan is invested by the state in the municipal river channel project, and the rest is raised by the county government and enterprises and institutions.[1]
After renovation, the Kunshan River is 2.98 kilometers long, with straight river line, and the vertical masonry retaining walls (4.5 meters high at the top) on both banks are uniform, with a total length of 3566 meters (the average cost per meter is 182.28 yuan). It is like a jade belt running through the city, which is reflected in rows of new buildings on both sides, making this millennium old town take on a new look.The width of the city river bottom is 32 meters, the width of the river surface is 42 meters, and the elevation of the river bottom is - 1.88~- 1.80 meters. The water flow is smooth, the water flow is gentle, the water quality is clean, and the navigation is safe, which not only enhances the diversion function of Lou River, but also facilitates the water transportation, and also improves the quality of the city river.[1]
After the renovation of the fourth phase project, Loujiang River startedWuxian CountyBeyond the pond, to Kunshan in the eastFluffyIn Caolu Village, the whole line is widened and dredged according to the provincial and local design requirements. The standard is that the bottom width is 35~80m, the river bottom elevation is - 1.00~- 1.94m, the water carrying capacity is increased, and the channel standard is upgraded from Grade 7 to Grade 6.Before the renovation, only vessels under 20 tons could be navigable at low water level in the municipal river reach, and shipping accidents such as blocking, collision and route interruption often occurred. Now, the fleet of 60~100 tons is unblocked all the year round.According to statistics, in 1984, there were 1600 day and night boats in the Loujiang River, 33000 tons, but the number of navigation accidents was more than 80% lower than before.Land transportation has also been greatly improved, with significant comprehensive benefits. The management of the municipal river section also provides a useful reference for the construction and development of water towns.In January 1978, the headquarters of the Loujiang River Project in Kunshan County carved a monument to the completion of the Loujiang River and sank it at the bottom of the river to commemorate it.[1]
engineering management
Announce
edit
Loujiang
Loujiang River flows throughWuxian County(TodayWuzhong District、Xiangcheng District）、KunshanCityTaicangThree districts of the city have established management organizations since 1976 to 1980 when the extension ended.Kunshan established the Loujiang Embankment Greening Management Station (mainly under the County Diversification Management Bureau) after the completion of extension and dredging of Loujiang River in the spring of 1978;In 1978, Wu County implemented the policy of "East Taihu LakeWangyu RiverLoujiang Embankment and Sluice Management Committee ".In 1984, the Wuxian Dike Gate Management Office set up three work sections in Loujiang, with a total of 22 people.The management units of the three counties, except Kunshan, which only deals with greening, are all responsible for the embankment and sluice works and greening management of the Loujiang River.Kunshan CountyWater Conservancy Bureau operated the county in 1980Revolutionary CommitteeApproved and issued the Regulations on Strengthening the Management of Flood Control Embankments and Water Conservancy Projects, reiterating that "the embankment of the new Loujiang River is owned by the state and managed by the Loujiang Landscaping Management Station. Embankments and culverts shall not be damaged arbitrarily, nor shall they be taken or occupied without authorization".[5]
