Mount Wilson Observatory is located atU.S.AMount Wilson near Pasadena, California, is about 32 kilometers away from Los Angeles and 1742 meters above sea levelGeorge Ellery HaleUnder the leadership of the Carnegie Washington Institute, the first director of the Institute was Haile.
Haile willYerkes ObservatoryA 40 inch (1.01 meter) telescope was brought here.In addition, the observatory has a telescope with a diameter of 2.5 meters (100 inches), a telescope with a diameter of 1.5 meters (60 inches), and a telescope with a diameter of 150 feetSolar telescope。In 1969, in memory of American astronomer Hale, Mount Wilson Observatory and Mount Palomar Observatory were merged intoHaile Observatory。Mount Wilson ObservatoryUCLAAnd the University of Southern California.In addition,Georgia State UniversityThe High Resolution Astronomical Center (CHARA) is also located here.
major equipment
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60 inch Hale telescope
In 1896, Haile's father gave him a 60 inch glass. It was 7.5 inches thick and weighed 860 kilograms.But it was not until 1904 that Earl obtained the funds from the Carnegie Institute to build an observatory.In 1905, the mirror surface of the telescope began to be ground. This project lasted for two years.The framework of the telescope was built in San Francisco, and it was almost destroyed in the 1906 earthquake.It is a difficult task to transport these materials and parts to Mount Wilson.In order to transport them to the top of the mountain, a special electric tractor was built.The telescope was officially opened on December 8, 1908. It was the largest telescope in the world at that time, and became the world's leading equipment in the fields of astronomy such as spectral analysis, parallax measurement, nebula observation and photometry.Although the aperture of the Hooke Telescope exceeded it nine years later, it was still one of the largest telescopes in the world in the following years.In 1992, an earlyadaptive optics Its resolution is improved from 0.5-1.0 arcsec to 0.07 arcsec.
100 inch Hooke telescope
Hale immediately started to build a larger telescope after the platform was built. Together with the Carnegie Institute, John D. Hooker provided funds.It was completed as mirror glass in July 1906.After overcoming great difficulties, the 100 inch telescope was put into use on November 1, 1917.
To provide smooth operation, the telescope uses liquid mercury in its hydraulic system.In 1919, Albert Michelson installed a special device for the telescope: an interferometer, which was the first time that an optical interferometer was used in astronomy.Michelson can use this instrument to accurately measure the size and distance of stars (such as Betelgeuse).Henry Norris Russell used data from the Hooke Telescope to develop his classification of stars.
Edwin Hubble used the 100 inch telescope to complete his key calculations.He determined that many so-called "nebulae" were actually galaxies outside the Milky Way.With the help of Milton Hemason, he realized thatred shiftIt shows that the universe is expanding.
200 inches
Mount Wilson Observatory
In 1948,California Institute of TechnologyWith Carnegie InstitutePalomar ObservatoryA 5.08 meter (200 inch) telescope was built, ending the history of the Hooke Telescope as the world's largest telescope.The Hooke Telescope was disabled in 1986, and was put into use again after the installation of the adaptive optics system in 1992.In the following years, the Hooke Telescope became the telescope with the highest resolution in the world.Although this position has been replaced by other telescopes, it is still one of the most important scientific instruments in the 20th century.
