The surface where the polarity of magnetic field in the solar system changes
Heliospheric current sheet (abbreviated as HCS) or heliospheric current sheet 12 is the surface on which the polarity of magnetic field in the solar system changes. This area extends 23 along the equatorial plane of the sun in the solar circle.The shape of current sheet is affected byInterplanetary mediumIt is formed due to the influence of the rotation of the solar magnetic field, with a thickness of about 10000 km. There is a small current flowing in the current sheet, with a size of about 10-10A/m2.The magnetic field under the current sheet is calledInterplanetary magnetic field, and the generated current forms part of the current loop 4 of the solar circle.The solar current sheet is sometimes called the interplanetary current sheet.
Due to the rotation of the sun, the magnetic field is twisted into a Parker spiral, which is a kind of Archimedes spiral and was proposed by Eugene Parker in 1958 [5], hence the name.The current sheet divides the magnetic field in the shape of Parker spiral into two [6] [7].In the early 1970s, Schatten developed a mathematical model that would warp and deform when the rotating magnetic field changed its polarity, forming a wavy spiral shape similar to a ballet skirt [8] [9].Further dynamic research shows that the sun, like a shy ballerina, will repeatedly press down the fluttering skirt [10].
Parker spiral
The cause of this ballet skirt shape is sometimes called "faucet effect" or "rubber hose effect" [11] [12], just like a person holding a faucet and waving it up and down and rotating quickly.The water flow is like the solar wind blowing out continuously.
magnetic field
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The current sheet of the solar circle rotates once every 27 days with the rotation of the sun. During this period, the earth's magnetic field will cross its peak and bottom and interact with them.Near the solar surface, the magnetic field generated by the radial current in the current sheet is about 5 × 10-6T [4].The magnetic field on the solar surface is about 10-4T.If it is a magnetic dipole field, its intensity is inversely proportional to the third power of the distance, and the magnetic field near the Earth's orbit is about 10-11T.In fact, the solar magnetic field contains the component of multipolar moment, so the actual size near the Earth is 100 times larger than this.
electric current
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The current in the current sheet of the solar circle flows inward, and together with the solar magnetic field, the current flowing outward near the solar pole forms a closed loop. The total current is about 3 × 109 amperes [4], and the current density in the solar circle reaches the order of 10 × - 10A/m2 at the place with the largest current density.Compared with the current sheet in other astrophysical processes, the Berckland current that produces the aurora of the earth is only about 1 million amperes, which is only one thousandth of the current sheet in the solar circle.
Research History
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The current sheet of the solar circle is made by John MWilcox and Norman FNess put forward in 1965 [13].Hannis Alvin and others speculate that there is a similar galactic current sheet in the Milky Way [14], and the estimated current size is 1017-1019 amperes, which is located on the symmetry plane of the Milky Way.
reference
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^News: Translated by Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Sun at the Two North Poles, Academia Sinica, April 22, 2003
^ 2.0 2.1 Dr. Tony Phillips, A Star with two North Poles, Science@NASA, 2003.04.22
^ Riley, Pete, Linker, J.A., Mikić, Z., 2002, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 107, pp. SSH 8-1. DOI:10.1029/2001JA000299 NASA ADS
^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Israelevich, P.L., et al., 2001, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 376, 288. DOI:10.1051/0004-6361:20010881 NASA ADS
^ Parker, E.N., 1958, Astrophysical Journal, 128, 664. NASA ADS
^ Schatten, K.H., 1976, Nature, 264, 730. DOI:10.1038/264730a0 NASA ADS
^ Schatten, K.H., 1971, Cosmic Electrodynamics, 2, 232. NASA ADS
^ Rosenberg, R.L., Coleman, P.J., Jr., 1969, Journal of Geophysical Research, 74, 5611. NASA ADS
^ Wilcox, J.M., Scherrer, P.H., Hoeksema, J.T., 1980, The origin of the warped heliospheric current sheet. NASA ADS
^ Mursula, K., Hiltula, T., 2003, Geophysical Research Letters, 30, pp. SSC 2-1. DOI:10.1029/2003GL018201 NASA ADS
^ Louise, K., Harra, K.O. Mason, Space Science, 2004, Imperial College Press, ISBN 1860943616.
^ Smith, E., "The Sun, Solar Wind, and Magnetic Field", July 1999, Proceedings of the International School of Physics Enrico FERMI Varenna, Italy.
^ Wilcox, John M., Ness, Norman F., 1965, Journal of Geophysical Research, 70, 5793. NASA ADS
^ Alfven, H., Carlqvist, P., 1978, Astrophysics and Space Science, 55, 487. NASA ADS
