The raise boring machine is a kind of mechanical equipment for shaft excavation, which uses rotary drilling to break rock and form holes and can reverse reaming.The raise boring machine was used in the United States in 1962. By the beginning of the 1990s, the use of drilling methods for various purposes in underground mines abroad had been rapidly promoted, and the raise boring machine had been effectively applied.
Chinese name
Raise drill
Foreign name
raise-boring machine
Discipline
mining engineering
Field
mining
From
1962
Role
Rotary drilling for rock breaking and hole forming and reverse reaming
The raise boring machine was used in the United States in 1962, and by the early 1990s, it was underground in foreign countriesmineThe use of drilling method to dig various kinds of raise has been rapidly promoted, and the raise drill has been effectively applied.
Drilling method has actually replacedCommon tunneling methodThe use areas are mainly concentrated in Australia, Canada, Mexico, South Africa, the United States and Zambia.At that time, the world's major manufacturers included Robbins, Dressers, Subterreans, Calweld, IngersolRand, Koken, Tamrock, Indau, and Wrath.
With the development of mining in the world to the deep, mining methods are constantly changing, making the height of the middle section continue to increase, and the original excavation method can no longer meet the requirements.Therefore, in recent years, major foreign manufacturers have manufactured large torque and large thrust raise rigs for deep mining and hard rock.With the progress and development of the raise boring machine technology, the power of the raise boring machine has increased from 75 kW to 750 kW, and the hole diameter can reach 71 m, drilling depth up to 1500 m.,Atlas Copco's "Robbins raise boring machine", Wirth's HG series, Tam2rock's Rhino series and Indau's H series raise boring machine are in a leading position among similar products in the current market and have been widely used in mines around the world[1]。
Foreign raise rig
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1 Robb in s raise rig by Atla s Copco
91RH is a Robbins low series product, which is very conducive to deeper underground mine drilling patio. Its modular design allows it to be disassembled into corresponding small components, which makes it easy to transport through smaller transport channels. Moreover, the powerful hydraulic drive of 91RH provides different speeds and good torque limiting control, enabling it to support up to 50 m large raise drilling.
97RDC is a high-efficiency low rise raise rig, which is specially used for mining applications with size and weight limitations. Its digital DC drive combines the latest electronic technology.
123RH is designed for large diameter patios, which makes it the best choice for mine shaft sinking and civil engineering.
191RH is designed to meet the requirements of deep hole large raise drilling, with an installed capacity of 750 kW, a reaming torque of 814 kN · m, and a reaming thrust of 11600 kN, making it possible to drill a diameter of 60 m deep well with a depth of 1400m.
Robbins continues to innovate, and its large-diameter series raise boring machines all use crosshead guide rods, which adopt an effective torsional design and can adapt to large torque, thus extending the service life of the thrust cylinder.
83RH and 97RDC use patented two-piece rotary rectangular moving joint to prevent bending moment of gearbox, while replaceable threaded insert reduces maintenance cost.In order to facilitate maintenance and transportation, 91RH, 123RH and 191RH transmissions built into the piston barrel allow the drive train to be disassembled into smaller components without loosening the preload of the main bearing.In order to maintain a better drilling state in different rock formations, 123RH and 191RH adopt the most advanced variable speed AC drive system, which is simple and reliable, providing different speeds and good torque limiting control.
The Robbins R series raise boring machine has been welcomed by users since its inception. Since the first Robbins raise boring machine was purchased by Mount Isa Mining Co., Ltd. in 1969, the company has been relying on the advancement and reliability of Robbins' equipment for more than 40 years to reduce production costs and increase production.
2. HG series raise boring machine of Writh Company
Wirth's raise boring machine and cutting system can be used in the hardest rock (700 MPa). In recent years, the promotion and application of HG series raise boring machine has achieved good results.The HG300-SP drill produced by the company set a world record for drilling in the Rustenburg Platinum Mine Joint Area of JCI Company in South Africa, and 990 pilot holes were drilled with the machine38m, and expand the pilot hole to a diameter of 602 m ventilation shaft.
The advantages of HG330 - SP type raise boring machine are that the cost is lower than that of ordinary drilling methods, the drilling speed is faster, and the accuracy is very high. The deviation rate of pilot hole drilling is only 06%, and the construction is safe and the operating conditions are good. It was successfully drilled in the Ensdorf mine in Germany with a depth of 1260 m and a diameter of 8The 5m shaft holds the world record of the largest hole diameter and the deepest drilling distance.
3 Tamrock Rhino series raise rig
The Rnino series raise boring rig is hydraulically driven, and can also be driven by a thyristor controlled DC motor. The models are 400H, 600H, 1000DC, 1400DC, 2000DC, 2006DC, 2007DC, 2008H6, etc. The rig is more compact in structure. The console is equipped with a full set of instruments, including drilling recorders, various detectors and alarm lights. The thrust and tension are controlled by precise electro-hydraulic servo valves, and the guidance is accurate.2008H will be the largest hydraulic raise rig, one of which has started working in the Pyhasalmi zinc mine in Finland[2]。
optimization
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1. Improve the material and structure of hobs and alloy tooth cutters to make them have high rigidity, strength and wear resistance, and also be suitable for drilling in hard rocks.We should also strive for simple processing and low cost.
2. Improve the sealing degree of hob bearing.If bimetallic ring seal is used, not only the sealing performance is good, but also high temperature resistance.Recently, graphite metal ring seal has been developed on the basis of bimetallic ring seal.It has better sealing performance, lower machining accuracy requirements and low cost.
3. Flat head or spherical reamer shall be used.The hobs of the flat head reamer are arranged in the same plane, and the outer edge has only one ring of edge cutter, which greatly improves the service life of the other hobs.As the gap between the hobs is small, large rock cuttings are not easy to squeeze or jam the hobs, so the torque and sudden load are small and the operation is stable.The advantages of spherical reamer are that the whole tool area is large, the hob configuration is reasonable, the force is uniform, and there is no peak load, so the operation is stable, the hob life is long, and the reaming speed is fast.Due to the large space, it is convenient to replace the tool, and the effect of washing cuttings is good.
4. Change electric drive to hydraulic drive.In this way, the rotation speed and torque can be reasonably adjusted according to different rock properties, so as to improve the drilling speed, reduce tool wear and guide hole deflection.
5. Remote control automatic lubrication system is adopted.In the process of drilling, the hob shall be lubricated automatically at regular intervals[3]。
Prospect of raise boring machine
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With the improvement of various brands of large-diameter and large torque raise boring machines, raise drilling technology is not limited to underground mine raise drilling, and foreign raise boring machines have been successfully used for horizontal drilling.For example, several horizontal connecting tunnels between the two main tunnels in the English Channel were drilled with Rhino raise drill produced by Tamrock Company;The coal system uses the drilling method to drill the leading shaft for large coal bunker and large diameter shaft excavation;Ventilation shafts in railway tunnels and power station projects, underground warehouse drilling transportation passages and shafts, etc.The use of low drilling rigs will reduce the excavation cost of the working chamber of the drilling rig, and will be easy to assemble and transport. The demand for such drilling rigs will increase in the world's underground mines (especially small and medium-sized mines).With the progress of industry and the continuous innovation of technology, the use scope of raise boring machine is constantly expanding, and it will certainly meet people's higher requirements for its performance[3]。
