Domenico Scarlatti

Italian composer and performer

Domenico· Scarlatti Domenico Scarlatti, born in Naples on October 26, 1685, is a well-known composer Alexandro Scarlatti (Alessandro Scarlatti). The court of Naples at the age of 16 church Of Organ Teachers and musicians. Two years later, he moved to Rome with his father and served as a musician poland Queen Maria Cassimi, Marquis de Fontes and St. Peter's Cathedral 。 Migration in 1719 Portugal , as Lisbon The musicians of the noble church, and the king Ruo Ang V Princess of King John V, teacher of Maria Barbara of Portugal. When the princess married to Spain, he was ordered to go with her Madrid And spent the rest of his life there. He died in Madrid on July 23, 1757.

True name: Domenico Scarlatti
Foreign name: Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti
Nationality: Italy
one's native heath: Naples

date of birth: October 26, 1685
Date of death: July 23, 1757
Constellations: scorpio
Representative works: About 555 keyboard sonatas/etudes
Occupation: Composer and performer

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Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757), Baroque period He is a composer and performer.

Musician: Domenico Scarlatti Sonata Of Musical language , style, structure as the main line of research, and D. Scarlatti's expansion of keyboard skills. This is the first comprehensive study of Domenico Scarlatti's works in China.

D. Scarlatti is Western music The composer who has been paid more attention in history can be proved by his works still active in today's concerts. He is known as“ Ancient sonata form Father ", played a great role in shaping the ancient sonata form. His single movement is ancient Piano Sonata (Although according to Ralph Kirkpatrick's conjecture, many of them are two movement Divertimento ）Before refraction Classical period Characteristics of Allegro Movement of Sonata: His creative style involves Italy 、 Portugal 、 Spain Of folk music , as well as some dance music and Song Genre , he is Clavichord The innovation of performance technology has been continued in the piano of romantic composers in the 19th century Musical works Medium.

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Scarlatti's career began as a composer of Neopolitan opera. Among his works, there are twelve operas, one interlude and fifty indoor operas Oratorio , and others sacred music And his most famous work, Sonata, which he called Etude (esercizi), he has written 555 sonatas, all of which express the techniques of difficult, fast phrases, divided chords, etc. Some innovative effects are also used, the most obvious one is the two hands crossing method Phoneme High tremolo technique. Each of these exercises solves a technical problem or produces a sound effect. These works have influenced later writers until Liszt （liszt）。 Scarlatti's Sonata is a Single Topic Two-part form However, there are also double themes. His style is not very contrapuntal. He focuses on fantasy and tries to make full use of the possibilities of keyboard skills. The flavor of Andalusian folk music and the skills of Spanish guitar have a great influence on Scarlatti's works. The vast sonata left by Scarlatti. Although both musicians in Bach's era, Scarlatti's keyboard music is a completely different world from Bach's keyboard music. When he was alive (1738), he published 30 songs harpsichord Etudes (k1-k30)。 This is a set of songs he wrote as a return gift to the king after being awarded the knighthood in the Portuguese court.^[1]

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In addition to Toccata Fugue Gawait toccatas and fugus, most of which are based on Allegro allegretto Andante and other songs with the name of speed. There is no lack of single movement music. Strictly speaking, his "sonata" is not the sonata in our concept. The reason is that Scarlatti's sonata has two contrasting themes Presentation part , and Unfolding part However, its reproduction part is not perfect and cannot be regarded as the reproduction part of sonata. Many experts believe that Scarlatti's sonatas are often composed and played by a group of two pieces with the same tonal urgency (or urgency).

Perhaps due to Scarlatti's Italian blood, as well as the influence of his father Corelli's Baroque Sonata and A. Scarlatti's opera, Scarlatti's sonatas are full of musical characteristics Italian music It has beautiful melody, rich harmony, colorful modulation techniques and Spanish music And other styles, so as to surpass Baroque Rococo And become Classical music school keyboard instrument A grand blueprint of music. Technically parallel 3, 6, and full 8 degrees Interval Playing method, homophonic repetition, colorful decoration Phoneme 、 broken chord The sound form and other skills that the harpsichord could display at that time were almost collected in these 555 sonatas. The difficulty in skills was one thing, and the composition techniques at that time were absolutely pioneering. Remember Paul Henry Langer in his movie music history When talking about Scarlatti's sonata in the famous book "Music in Western Culture", he said: "This kind of awareness of processing music materials into multiple themes and making them contrast is epoch-making, and only Scarlatti can realize it. The first step towards a new instrumental music style is keyboard music, and Scarlatti's performance strongly proves our theory. "

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