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The role of this enzyme in the organism is mainly to catalyze the decomposition of RNA intoNucleoside diphosphateInstead of RNA synthesis.In the laboratory, this enzyme is used to synthesize polynucleotides artificially.The specificity of this enzyme is not strong, and different polynucleotide polymers can be synthesized by using different nucleoside diphosphates as substrates.If ADP is used as substrate, poly A can be synthesized（PolyA）。
S. Ochoa, M. Grunberg Monago (1955), inAzotobacter vinelandii(Azotobacter vinelandii) widely exists in microorganisms.Catalysis (NMP)
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Because of its low specificity for nucleotides, it can be used to synthesize various polymers.Or byEscherichia coli、Micrococcus luteus(Micro coccus luteus) refined high-purity enzymes with molecular weights of about 200000 and the same properties.Oligonucleotides as primers play a role in polymerization, and have little effect on reaction speed.On the other hand, the reverse reaction is step by step hydrolysis from the 3 '- OH end of RNA or polymers.
Polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNP) widely exists in microorganisms and catalyzes the synthesis of polynucleotides from nucleoside diphosphate (NDP).Polynucleotide phosphorylase does not require DNA as a template.
In synthetic polynucleotides, if the crude product of polynucleotide phosphorylase is used, the reaction can take place without primer.If high-purity enzyme products are used, the reaction will proceed slowly.If a small amount of polynucleotides oroligonucleotidesAs primer, the reaction can be carried out quickly at the beginning.When the enzyme catalyzes RNA synthesis, the basic requirement for the primer is that the primer must contain at least two nucleotides, and the 3 '- terminal hydroxyl must be free.
