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The general name of human beings for intelligent creatures beyond the earth

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Aliens are human beings earth A general term for the life of non human beings.

There has always been something about aliens Reverie However, nowadays, human beings cannot actually explore whether there are aliens. Although many people claim to have witnessed aliens visiting the earth, or even contacting themselves, most scholars and experts believe that the so-called different degrees of contact between human beings and aliens are actually Psychological effect The chance for humans to find "aliens" is very small. Even if they are found, it is almost difficult to have any contact with them.^[6]

In the past 50 years of search, astronomer No conclusive clues to aliens have been found. But theoretically, it is almost inevitable that there are other intelligent creatures in the universe.^[7]

As of 2015, the scientific community generally believed that "life can only occur in the fixed star ambient planet But not all stars must have planets. Nebula theory It is believed that stars are formed by shrinking from the original rotating nebula. Contraction reason Conservation of angular momentum It speeds up the rotation, and because centrifugal force The active nebula gradually becomes flat. When Center temperature When reaching 7 million degrees hydrogen Change to helium Of Thermonuclear reaction The star is born. Some substances on the periphery of the disk will condense into several small ones in the process celestial bodies ——Planets.

On September 12, 2023 local time, Mexican Parliament The first public hearing related to "unidentified anomalies" was held The remains were unveiled.^[11]

Chinese name: alien
Foreign name: extraterrestrial being

Alias: Cosmic man
Definition: General term for human like life beyond the earth
Representative works: Crazy times 、 Trisomy

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Generation process

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alien

The evolution of living things is a very slow process, and the length of time it takes can be compared with the evolution of the sun. Fossil The research of Unicellular organism , called blue—— Green algae Class. according to Stellar evolution According to the theory and the analysis of ancient rocks and meteorite materials on the earth, the formation of the sun and the earth was 1 billion to 1.5 billion years earlier than the emergence of such creatures. After the formation of the solar system, it took about 5 billion years for humans to exist on the earth.

It is envisaged to compress every 5 billion years into 1 "year" in simple proportion. With such a scale, one week is equivalent to 100 million years in real life, and one second is equivalent to 160 years. from Big Bang It has been about two years since the birth of the solar system. The earth was formed in January of the third year. 3. In April, blue green algae, an ancient single celled organism, appeared. After that, life is evolving slowly and continuously. The first batch of large cells with nuclei appeared on the earth in September, and multicellular organisms may have appeared in late October. By the end of November, plants and animals had taken over most of the land, and the earth became active. On December 18, dinosaurs appeared, and these arrogant giants dominated the earth for only a week. 11:00 pm on New Year's Eve Beijingers It came out. Ten minutes before midnight, Neanderthals appeared at the New Year's Eve party. modern It was only five minutes before the arrival of the New Year that it appeared, while the recorded history of mankind began 30 seconds before midnight. Major events in modern life accelerated one after another in the last few seconds of the old year, and the population on the earth tripled in the last second before midnight.

It can be seen that life has been nurtured most of the time since the birth of the earth, but only a short part of the time can life have Advanced biology Form of.

Birth conditions

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We have seen the birth requirements of intelligent creatures fixed star It must be able to emit light and heat stably for at least 5 billion years. The lifetime of a star is closely related to its mass. The thermonuclear reaction of massive stars can only last for several million years, which is far from enough for life evolution. Only similar Solar mass Is the right candidate, Galaxy There are about 100 billion such stars inside, and about 40 billion single stars except binary stars. Whether there are all single stars planet What about? It's a pity that people Planetary system Little is known, but it has been gradually discovered through observation that there may be planets around some stars. Considering the objective existence of the solar system, even Megaplanets There is also its own satellite system, such as Jupiter in the solar system. Let's assume optimistically that all single stars have planets. Having planets does not mean having life, nor does it mean having higher living beings. The key is that the distance between the planet and the parent star must be just right. Due to the limited level of understanding, people can only discuss Life forms In particular, it must be assumed that there must be liquid water. The solar system has planets However, it is clear that the so-called "living things can be formed conditionally" Ecosphere Only the earth is inside. Venus And Mars are located at the edge of the ecosystem, and it has been proved that there are no creatures on their surface.

alien

It is very rare for a planet to have all the conditions necessary for its existence. In the solar system, the earth is a unique lucky child. Detailed calculations show that of the 40 billion single stars mentioned above, at best only one million are surrounded by planets that can make life evolve to an advanced stage.

Another limitation is Extraterrestrial life It should have a chemical composition similar to that of life on Earth. Astronomical observations show that, except for a few exceptions, the distribution of chemical elements in the whole universe is fairly uniform, so it is entirely reasonable to believe that the materials needed to form all organic molecules can also be found on distant planets. In fact, many complex organic molecules have been found in many places. Therefore, it can be said that life can form in a certain place in theory, but in fact it will also form. So there will be one million planets in the Milky Way that can have life, but life on each planet should be different phylogenetic scale 。

Attitudes of all parties

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Aliens in Hawking's Eyes (12 sheets)

Aliens are often reported in newspapers, many people claim to have seen them UFO , even saw aliens, and they also took a variety of pictures about UFOs. Is all this true or false? Do aliens really exist?

According to the description of people who claimed to have seen aliens, most of the aliens they saw were small humanoids with round heads, narrow mouths like cracks, and wearing tight clothes.

Others are eager to find the traces left by aliens in ancient times. They think Sahara desert murals The round mask of the upper figure Easter Island And boulder buildings in South America Pyramid All kinds of unexplained prehistoric miracles are related to aliens. Other scholars have proposed that humans are descendants of aliens, or some ethnic groups (such as Mayan ）It is the offspring of aliens mating with people on earth and other views. But these can only be used as guesses and hypotheses, most of which still lack sufficient evidence.

For the existence of aliens, scientists have put forward all kinds of possible ideas. These ideas are bold and seem strange, but who can blame the human imagination? Maybe these dreams will become considerable one day. It would be too early to rejoice at the large number of 1 million and think that finding aliens is not a problem. For extraterrestrial advanced creatures, it is meaningful only if they can establish contact with them. As far as human beings are concerned, radio signals are the only feasible way to establish such a connection. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore how many planets are inhabited by civilized creatures capable of sending such signals. If they have been sending such signals since their existence, there should be one million planets in radio transmission. But in fact, let alone algae, even human beings did not have this ability more than 100 years ago. On the other hand, life forms whose technology has been destroyed and whose own has been destroyed will not do so. Please do not forget that almost at the same time when we can send radio signals, human beings have also developed large-scale nuclear weapons, which are enough to completely destroy all living things on the earth. Will aliens destroy themselves under the domination of irrational war maniacs? This possibility may not be completely ruled out.

Let people again think optimistically that aliens have the ability and reason to solve the problems that people worry about, and assume that they have lived in a peaceful and prosperous environment for 1 million years. Because science and technology are extremely developed and they live a well-to-do life, they will certainly think of, and are fully capable of, spending huge amounts of money to engage in groundbreaking research of great significance, including trying to establish ties with the same kind in the outside world. They have been sending powerful wireless signals to the outside world without stopping within a million years. In this way, a small part of the above 1 million planets are broadcasting such signals, and the proportion of this part is 1 million years divided by 4 billion years, or 0.025%. This means that only 250 signals are being sent. If they are evenly distributed in the Milky Way, the distance between the two adjacent stars is about 4600 light-years. It will take 4600 years for human signals to reach the nearest alien. If they receive and immediately send an answer, they will have to wait patiently for 9200 years to receive their reply! Project Ozma Only a dozen light years have passed since our contact person left us, which is really meaningless. To make the plan meaningful, it is necessary to monitor whether every single star similar to the sun within 4600 light years is sending meaningful signals.

If it is more practical, consider that only 4000 years of human history has been recorded. If aliens are only capable of radio broadcasting for 4000 years, then today there is only one planet broadcasting signals to the outside world! As a result, there is at best another civilized creature sending signals in the whole Milky Way except the Earth. All efforts to listen to such signals with radio telescopes in the Milky Way are totally futile!

Readers may be deeply disappointed by this conclusion. How different will the actual situation be from what is estimated here? There are many uncertainties in the above discussion. Are there planets around every single star? Can life only be born in such an environment as the earth? Also, in fact, people do not know how long an intelligent creature can survive. Can they survive all the time? I'm afraid these questions will not be answered clearly for a long time. however The Humans What would you think of today's airliner, color TV, fast computer and moon landing flight? As long as human beings can live in a peaceful and prosperous environment, scientific development will gradually answer these questions. However, even if aliens exist, people are unable to effectively contact them for the time being. Therefore, put UFO with Outsiders I'm afraid it's not credible that our spaceships are linked together.

Various interpretations

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Some scientists believe that the reason why there are no aliens on the earth is that they were Gamma ray Killed.

Illinois Dr. James Annis of Fermi Accelerator National Laboratory said that the reason why aliens have not yet reached the earth is that, until our Galaxy It provides opportunities for the prosperity and development of life in space.

Annis said that until hundreds of millions of years ago, our Milky Way was often radiated by gamma ray bursts: black hole A lot of deadly rays are released. Only after these collisions became rare, extraterrestrial life Only then is it possible to appear and travel from the planet where you live to quite a distant place.

Annie hopes that he is in England《 New scientist 》The theory put forward in the weekly magazine will be able to solve one of the most famous debates about the existence of extraterrestrial life—— Fermi paradox 。 This paradox is based on Italian physicists Enrico Fermi This Nobel Prize Named after the name of the winner. It is said that Fermi put forward this paradox in the 1950s. The main point is: if aliens do exist, where are they?

The reason why this question is persuasive is that it is based on two facts of our Milky Way: one is that the Milky Way is very old, about 10 billion years old; One is that the diameter of the Milky Way is only about 100000 light years. Therefore, even if aliens can only travel in space at one thousandth of the speed of light, they can cross the Milky Way in about 100 million years - a time far shorter than the age of the universe. So, where are aliens?

Fermi apparently took this reason as evidence that there were no aliens at all. Now Annis claims that he has found a loophole in Fermi's inference: aliens may exist, but only until the gamma ray burst cycle becomes longer and longer, so as to provide enough time gap for aliens to travel between stars.

British scientists Paul Davis The hypothesis of "life provenance propagation" is discussed, namely Extraterrestrial intelligence It is not necessary to use living beings for interstellar navigation. You can use highly intelligent robots to carry life seed sources (stored in an absolute zero temperature environment) to travel by spaceship for life propagation and colonization. In this way, you can avoid the obstacles of cosmic gamma rays, amazing energy required for near light speed navigation and limited life age in interstellar navigation. As long as the energy required for navigation is sufficient, this "life source propagation" mode can be realized. According to this reasoning, in the long history of the universe, high intelligent life should be almost all over the suitable planets in the whole universe, and there are extensive interstellar exchanges, including the Earth. However, in fact, the earth did not receive the information of extraterrestrial life, so some scientists came to the conclusion that the reason why aliens did not show up was that extraterrestrial life did not exist.

It can be seen that up to now, scientists have not yet been able to reach a consensus on whether extraterrestrial life exists or not, or to provide exact evidence to confirm or deny it. However, alien research is no longer science fiction but an attractive interdisciplinary subject -—— Astrobiology The important topic of.

At the end of 2018, Avi Loeb and Harvard University Shmuel Bialy, a postdoctoral fellow of“ Aomo Mo ”It is the first time for human beings to contact with extraterrestrial intelligent products. "Oumuamua" is the first "visitor from heaven" in history who really appears within the range of their telescopes^[1] 。

Theoretical basis

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The study of aliens is actually statistics According to scientists' observation, there are about 100000000000 stars in the whole Milky Way, and about 100000000000 stars in the whole universe. Assumption Life form The probability is 1/10000000000000, so there will still be 100000000 planets with life.

Many people think that space-time travel is impossible, after all, the distance between stars is calculated in light years. However, they ignored one problem, that is, in the middle of the 19th century, scientists believed that 55km/h was the maximum speed that human beings could reach. But in today's era, people have far Sonic speed It took less than 200 years to leave behind. Then why can't there be a race on the 100000000 planets where life may appear that has transcended human intelligence and invented and mastered the method of interstellar travel (for example Antimatter ), and then come to Earth? Although scientists have been arguing black hole Whether it exists or not, after all, from the perspective of astronomy, black holes cannot be observed by conventional telescopes, but most astronomers still believe that radio telescope According to the observation results, it is believed that there is such a celestial body that even light can be absorbed.

Perhaps people have never seen alien intelligent creatures, but it would be a loss of scientific rigor to presume that aliens do not exist just by eyes and "ancient" science and technology.

Main Hypothesis

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Underground civilization theory

In some science fiction movies, it is said that the earth is a paradise for human evolution, but there is another civilized world dominated by evolved insects inside the earth, and finally the underground insects started a war with humans for the right to live on the ground. It is reported that the US satellite "Charlie 7" arrived arctic circle After shooting, I found a hole in the Arctic on the negative. Is this the entrance to the earth's interior? In addition, geophysicists generally believe that the weight of the earth is more than one million times that of 6 megatons. If the earth is a solid inside, the weight will be more than that, thus causing“ Hollow Earth ”。 Some oil exploration team members have found large tunnels and huge underground people underground. It can be imagined that the earth people can be divided into surface people and underground people. The underground people of the underground kingdom must master the science and technology higher than the surface people. In this way, it is natural for them, the same star people of the surface people, to travel in space by flying saucers that cannot be made by the surface people.

The absurdity of this theory is that the earth is not hollow at all. All claims about the emptiness of the earth are rumors and false news. The Earth is the most dense star in the solar system. If there is a huge hole inside, the Earth's mass will never reach this figure. What's more, the earth has a strong magnetic field The strong magnetic field of the planet (the mechanism of the stellar magnetic field is different from that of the planet) means that there is a huge iron core, which completely eliminates the possibility of a hole in the earth's core

Cohabitation theory

This view holds that aliens live and work among us. In some photos taken by researchers with an amazing new radiation camera, they found that some people's heads were surrounded by a light green halo, which may be caused by the radiation emitted by their brains. However, when trying to query the people with halos, they found that these people had completely disappeared, or even no sign of their existence. Aliens are hiding among us, and we don't know what they will do, but there is no evidence that aliens will hurt us. This theory, just as believers cannot prove the existence of God, pushes all the parts that need to be proved to the reasons that cannot be proved.

Theory of human ancestor

There is a view that the ancestors of human beings are aliens. About tens of thousands of years ago, a group of aliens with high intelligence and scientific and technological knowledge came to the earth. They found that the environment of the earth was very suitable for them to live in. However, because they did not bring enough facilities to deal with the earth's geocentric attraction, they changed their original intention and decided to create a new kind of human race - by aliens and the earth Ape man Resulting from combination. They took female ape men as objects, tried to make them pregnant, and the result was that today's human beings were born.

In fact, the evolution of human genes is very regular, and no large number of new genes have burst out in a very short time (relative to geological time). More importantly, the existence of apes is much earlier. Humans were formed tens of thousands of years ago. If aliens had any interference with this, it would have been more than 4 million years ago, The geological span is more than 2 million years, and this number is too large, which is by no means the result of high-tech.

Parallel world theory

The universe we see (i.e Total galaxy ）It is impossible to form in the four-dimensional universe, that is, the world around us is not only formed in the long, wide, high and time dimensions. The universe may be composed of two adjacent worlds. Although the connection between them is small, they are almost transparent to each other. These two material worlds are usually "shape shadow" shaped worlds with little mutual influence. When these two stacked worlds were formed, the interaction force of "compounding" them into one was huge, and various substances were highly mixed together, thus forming a unified world. Later, the universe expanded. At this time, the density of matter decreased and the gravity weakened, thus forming two worlds that were actually independent of each other. In other words, it is entirely possible that there is an invisible parallel world adjacent to us in the same space-time. To be exact, it may be similar to our world or different from our world. Maybe the laws of physics and chemistry are the same, but the actual conditions are different. As early as 20 billion to 15 billion years ago, the two worlds had been "hegemonic". Therefore, UFOs may come from that other world. They may break in accidentally under some special conditions, and more likely, they have already mastered the knowledge of traveling in the two worlds, and often come and go between the two worlds. Their scientific and technological level is far beyond our human beings.

Four-dimensional space theory

Some people believe that UFOs come from Fourth dimension 。 The ghost like aircraft disappeared in a flash, and the satellite electronic tracking system network could not keep an eye on it when it was turned on. It can be thought that the UFO crew was playing with space-time techniques. A technical means that can form some local spatial curvature Curved space Then expand in the space with which we contact. After this step is completed, people from another space can come to our space. As stated in various witness reports, concrete and tangible creatures will suddenly appear on the ground near a UFO, rather than running out of a door. For these cases, the above statement can be regarded as an explanation. The absurdity of these two theories lies in the fact that they have been proved to be in addition to 2 dimensions three-dimensional space All other dimensions are badly curled.

Future life theory

Some scientists believe that the so-called aliens are Future people 。 Data shows that human beings have evolved more rapidly in the past hundred years than in the primitive period. We can't deny that perhaps when human beings evolve, they will become what we call aliens today, and have mastered the technology to travel through time and space, and come to the human world.

Alien species is not a certain biological species, but just a few terms commonly heard in human society.

Pleiadian Sirian, Lyra, Yellowian, Reptilian, Grey

Scientific exploration

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Quest for Life

As a part of the work of exploring the mysteries of the universe, scientists are also actively exploring life beyond the earth, and also actively searching for information about aliens. This scientific exploration began as early as the 1950s.

In 1959, Kocconi and Morrison jointly wrote an article published in the famous British《 natural 》Magazine. According to their calculations, if there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe, and their scientific level is comparable to our level in 1959. Then, they should be able to receive the radio signals sent by the earth people. Similarly, if they want to transmit radio signals to us, we can also receive them. Although the distance is extremely far, and it takes thousands or hundreds of years to talk, it is possible to communicate after all. The two of them also studied radio waves The best wavelength for AC is hydrogen atom 21 cm wavelength. Because hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, and its 21 cm wavelength is also easy to detect.

This article has greatly inspired people to explore Extraterrestrial civilization Their enthusiasm has strengthened people's confidence. Because it tells us that as long as there are aliens, as long as their technology level is similar to ours, we can communicate with each other. This article is the beginning of scientific exploration of aliens.

Humans have lived on the earth for about two or three million years. Once upon a time, man thought he was the spirit of all things, the only intelligent life in the universe, and even thought that the earth was the center of the whole universe. Later, with the progress of science and technology, people opened their eyes to understand the vastness of the universe, which is far beyond our imagination, and the earth is too small, certainly not the center of the universe. So people imagine that the universe is so wide, and perhaps there will be a kind of intelligent creatures similar to humans - aliens on other planets. This idea has deeply attracted some people who are keen on finding aliens.

In the sixteenth century, someone observed with a telescope Mars I found a lot of interlaced net patterns, so I thought it was“ Martian ”The excavated "canal". In 1935, an American radio broadcast that Martians had come to Earth, causing a false alarm. And a British writer created a book called《 War with Martians 》In his science fiction novels, he made many vivid descriptions of Martians, which triggered the birth of a series of novels and films about "Martians".

Are there any Martians? In the era of telescope, it has always been a mystery. In the 1960s, the exploration spacecraft finally landed on Mars, solving the mystery that has puzzled people all the time: Mars is much colder than the Earth, the surface is full of mud and stones, the wind is often fierce, the sand is flying, there is no living things on it, and of course there are no Martians.

After this mystery was solved, astronomers further analyzed and believed that: in the solar system, except for the Earth, no other planets have the environmental conditions necessary for biological survival. Therefore, human beings on the earth are the only intelligent creatures in the solar system. If you want to find aliens, you must go outside the solar system.

In 1972, the United States launched“ Pioneer 10 ”The spaceship, which flew out of the solar system in 1987, has metal plates depicting the image of human beings, the earth where human beings live and the position of the solar system. In 1977, the American“ Voyager One ”It also brings more abundant information to the outside world, including a solid phonograph and a gold plated record, which contains dozens of human language And many musical works (including Chinese ancient music). People eagerly hope that aliens will receive it.

The Voyager 1 space probe, launched on September 5, 1977, was the first scientific attempt to contact them. Although scientists believe that even if there are aliens, it is impossible for them to fly to the earth in view of the huge distance between the stars, they have not denied the possibility of life in outer space.

In order to get in touch with aliens, scientists have even built huge and complex equipment, trying to send information to and receive information from extraterrestrials. However, after many efforts, people still haven't found aliens. Some claims of seeing aliens are just legends, which are difficult to be strongly confirmed.

Also worth mentioning are UFOs. Many people saw it. It is also supposed that it is the spaceship piloted by aliens, but this is just a guess.

So, are there any aliens? Scientists analyze that there must be many planets like the Earth in the universe, and some planets similar to the Earth's environment may indeed have aliens. But because our aerospace and communication technologies are not developed enough, we must redouble our efforts to find them.

In order to find extraterrestrial life, on May 24, 1999, a company named "Encounter 2001" used Crimean peninsula Of Ukraine Evpatoria A radio telescope with a diameter of 70 meters, facing four 50-70 light years away Sun like star A series of radio signals were emitted from the direction, which is the first conscious interstellar broadcasting in 25 years.

As early as November 16, 1974, American radio astronomer Drake used Arecibo The radio telescope with a diameter of 305 meters extends to Globular cluster M13 Signal has been sent. But the length of that information was only 3 minutes, consisting of 1679 bytes, including the position of the Earth in the solar system, the shape of human beings and DNA Information, the atomic composition of five chemical elements and the figure of a radio telescope.

In contrast, the signal sent this time is richer than that of Drake, and is more likely to be received by extraterrestrial life. The transmission frequency of this signal is 5010k hertz , 100000 times stronger than TV broadcasting, with a length of 400000 Bit It includes a series of pages, including detailed information of the earth and human beings, basic symbols, numbers and geometry described by logic, atoms, planets, DNA and other information, and is sent three times repeatedly within three hours.

Of course, both messages are sent in the same way Binary Mathematical language, because only this language can we communicate with extraterrestrial life that is supposed to exist in the universe. Scientists believe that any extraterrestrial life with a certain mathematical knowledge will be able to decipher these binary codes to understand their contents. If he/she/it can really intercept and record these signals, then it will understand the general situation of the earth, solar system, human body, human culture and technology level.

On the other hand, due to the lack of powerful computers, scientists also established SETI@home System, so that when processing the extraterrestrial life signals collected by radio telescopes, we can get the help of global computer users to prevent these signals from slipping away.

In addition, this "Encounter 2001" company, which is jointly composed of many well-known enterprises in the international aerospace industry, information industry and biochemistry industry, also shoulders another important task: to launch a small spaceship at the end of 2001. The spaceship will drift in the universe until it is intercepted by extraterrestrial life one day. It will contain more human information, and can send photos, handwritten information and hair samples of hundreds of thousands of volunteer participants into space. Among them, the human DNA information contained in hair samples can be preserved completely after special treatment.

The largest radio telescope array in the world, planned and built by scientists from 20 countries around the world, including China, Australia, France, Germany, Italy, etc（ SKA ）It has entered the countdown. It is reported that the SKA project consists of 3000 smaller antennas with a diameter of about 15 meters. According to the plan, the SKA project will be started in 2016, the first phase of construction will be completed by the end of 2020, and the whole project will be completed in 2024. When SKA is put into use, its sensitivity will be 50 times higher than the most advanced space exploration equipment in the world, its resolution will be 100 times higher, and its search speed will be 10000 times higher. So in the future, it can better help scientists monitor aliens, and human exploration of the universe will certainly have more exciting discoveries.

Cultivate specialized talents

University of Washington In September 1998, it announced that it would launch a graduate education project funded by the National Science Foundation. The project aims to cultivate doctoral students studying extraterrestrial life, which is the first time in the field of cosmobiology.

This major seems very interesting, but it is not so easy to learn. Students must first understand how life on the earth is formed, which involves astronomy, atmospheric science, oceanography and microbiology. "We want to study life in the earth's environment, so we must study the earth's volcanic craters, sea ice and underground basalt Because these are excellent environments for the formation of microorganisms, and they are likely to be similar to the environment on other planets. " In addition, students also need to study a large number of organisms that have less knowledge on the earth.

Washington University is not the only one to give students a taste of looking for extraterrestrial life, NASA The newly established Institute of Cosmology and Life Sciences will provide the same opportunity. Recently, scientists from NASA are discussing this cooperation project with professors from five universities.

Contact mode

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stay UFO In the field of research, four types of contact modes are generally recognized for the relationship between UFOs and humans:

Type I contact : It means that the eyewitness sees a UFO within a certain distance, but no further contact occurs. Among the four types of contact, this type of contact has the highest incidence. We often see similar programs and reports, such as UFOs are found somewhere, such and such people witness UFOs, such and such people take pictures or videos of UFOs, etc.

Type II contact : It refers to the impact of UFO on the environment, such as making the car unable to start, leaving burns or marks on the ground, and producing physical and physiological effects on plants and human bodies. Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 1994 Duxi Forest Farm Sudden events can be summed up as this way of contact.

The third kind of contact : It refers to the humanoid creatures that appear near the UFO and make face-to-face contact with the earth humans, including handshake, conversation, sexual contact and human abduction. This kind of contact is also one of the most questioned. After all, few people have experienced this kind of contact, and their contact process is often recorded by post description, so it is difficult to leave any real evidence. However, generally speaking, when recording afterwards, the person concerned often needs hypnosis to reproduce the process of contact with extraterrestrial life. For those who recognize the scientific nature of hypnosis, such evidence can still be recognized, at least not considered as intentional compilation by the experiencer.

The fourth kind of contact: refers to spiritual contact. Humans do not see UFOs or humanoids directly, but they transmit some special information through human mediums. It refers to that the eyewitness sees a human like creature near the UFO, but they have no further contact with the eyewitness. The information provided here is also a form of second-hand information, but compared with the third type of contact, this way seems more difficult to convince people.

UFO may be related to a natural phenomenon "fairy flash"

Sprite flash

A fairy flash recorded by scientists

Israel TEL AVIV University Colin Price, a geophysicist based in Beijing, said: "The lightning generated in thunderstorm days stimulates the electric field in the sky, prompting it to produce light called fairy flash. We know that only a special type of lightning can trigger flash in the sky." Researchers have found this flash 35 to 80 miles above the ground, It is far more than 7 to 10 miles above the ground, where lightning often occurs. Although previous studies have claimed that flash often moves forward quickly or spins and gallops, flash also appears in the form of fast rolling electric balls. Israeli scientists said that some mysterious UFO phenomena may be related to a puzzling natural phenomenon "fairy flash", which is a flash triggered by thunderstorms at high atmospheric levels.

Typical Events

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Area 51

Area 51 It is the place where the US government stores and studies alien bodies and aircraft, including those crashed in Roswell Alien spaceships and alien bodies. Some people even said that this is an officially approved landing base for alien spacecraft.

Great Pyramid

Science can't explain Egypt“ Great Pyramid ”How they were built cannot be reasonably explained for their perfect arrangement and design. Some people believe that aliens must have played an important role in building these magnificent buildings thousands of years ago.

UFO crash

Alien related pictures (4 sheets)

July 8, 1947, United States New Mexico Roswell's Daily News published a sensational news: "The Air Force found a flying saucer falling in Roswell." This news was immediately《 New York Times 》And other major newspapers, radio waves The news spread all over the world. The news, like a blockbuster, caused a great stir among the American public. People rush from all directions Southern United States New Mexico. On a pasture 20 kilometers away from Roswell, the crowds of people were blocked by rows of iron bars and groups of armed soldiers... corresponding to the crash of an alien UFO in Roswell. In addition, on the 8th, Grady L., a civil engineer living in Socorro, found the wreckage of a metal dish, about nine meters in diameter, on the wasteland five kilometers west of the metal debris covered Blesso Farm; The dish was split, and several corpses were scattered on the ground inside and outside the dish. These corpses are very thin, with a length of only 100 to 130 cm and a weight of only 18 kg. They have no hair, big head, big eyes and small mouth, and wear a whole tight gray uniform. On the same day, the army immediately stationed in the two places where the wreckage was found and sealed off the scene.

Mysterious death of animals

Aliens have not kidnapped humans, nor implanted some strange things in people, nor left them in farmland Crop circle But aliens came to the earth to kill livestock. Since the 1970s, hundreds of animal corpses have been found, and these animal deaths have inexplicable characteristics, such as no blood in the body, and organs have been removed with "precision surgery". The most famous one is“ Cattle slaughtering incident ”。

FBI Uncovers Secrets

At the beginning of April 2011, FBI (FBI) A newly released memorandum shows that the well-known "UFO crash in 1947" in the United States may indeed have happened. The memorandum points out that aliens landed in the United States before 1950 New Mexico Of Roswell 。 The memo pointed out that three UFOs were found, each with three bodies inside.

This memo, which was submitted to the FBI director at that time, was written by Special Agent Hotel in charge of the Washington office in 1950. The memorandum is disclosed in the "Database" (The Vault) of the online public archives reading room set up by the Bureau of Investigation, and people can access and search by logging in to the relevant website. According to the report, this memorandum may once again trigger the debate about the government's concealment of the truth.

It is reported that Hottel took "flying saucers" as the theme, pointing out that air force investigators told him that Roswell, New Mexico, had found "three so-called flying saucers". The flying saucer is round, protruding in the middle, with a diameter of about 50 feet (about 15 meters). Each flying saucer contains three human like bodies, but the height is only three feet (90 cm). Each "person" wears a fine, close fitting metal coat.

Hottel said that it was pointed out that the UFO would crash in Roswell because the government had set up a high-power radar in the local area, which interfered with the UFO of aliens. The public memorandum has obliterated the name of the person.

The report pointed out that the memorandum proved that the US government covered up the fact that UFOs and aliens landed. In 1947, when Roswell heard that a flying saucer had crashed, the authorities initially admitted that it was a weather balloon that crashed later. At that time, it was reported that the military had found UFO wreckage and alien bodies and had them dissected.

Another memo written in 1947 in the "database" said that the military found an object that should be a "flying saucer" near Roswell. The flying saucer is hexagonal, and a balloon is suspended above it by a cable. This memo, marked as "urgent", pointed out that the flying saucer looked like a weather balloon. In his report, Hotel said that air force investigators told him that "three so-called flying saucers" had been found in Roswell, New Mexico. The flying saucer is round and protruding in the middle, with a diameter of about 50 feet (about 15 meters). Each flying saucer contains three human like bodies, but the height is only three feet (about 90 centimeters). Each "person" wears fine, close fitting metal clothes.

It is said that the US military has found and dissected the bodies of aliens, but the US government has covered up the incident. The US military released a news report that some rumors about UFOs claimed that Roswell Air Force Base The intelligence personnel of the No.8 Air Force 509 Bombing Battalion have enough UFO evidence.

The title of the memo reads: "The US Air Force 'captured' the flying saucer! Only 24 hours later, the US military changed the news and claimed that the 'flying saucer' they found for the first time was actually a weather balloon colliding with a nearby farm."

Surprisingly, the media and the public accepted this explanation without any doubt at that time. As time went on, the mystery of Roswell Town was gradually forgotten. It was not until nearly 70 years later that this long sealed secret memorandum of the FBI surfaced that people again paid attention to it.

Relevant anecdotes

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Alien kidnapping

Hundreds of people claimed to be abducted by aliens, which happened most frequently in the 1980s. They were raped, used for experiments, implanted with foreign objects, and suffered other physical torture. Eventually, they would be released, but the memory of being kidnapped would be erased by aliens, which could only be recalled through hypnosis. Several famous researchers, including the United States Harvard University John Mack not only supported these views, but also wrote a book about the victims' stories.

Alien implants

Aliens not only kidnap people on earth, but also implant many kinds of objects into people's brains and bodies (using a kind of silver needle that can be bent from the nasal barrel of the kidnapped person to the brain), which is part of the evil experiment of aliens. The victims realized that they had been kidnapped only when they found that there were some unclear things in their bodies. One of the implants was found, but when they were scientifically tested, they were found to be indestructible. In addition, these materials could not be found on the earth. These implants are said to emit microwaves before being removed.

Picture of Mexico's "alien baby" incident

Mexico's "alien baby" incident

Mexican television reported an incredible event: a living“ Alien baby ”In May 2007, he was caught in an animal trap on a farm. The German Bild website published an article entitled "The Mystery of Mexico: Alien Babies Trapped" on August 24. According to this article quoted by the Global Times, the 56 year old Mexican famous host and UFO expert Jaime Maussan released the photo of this creature for the first time in his program. He claimed that he was sure that it was true! According to the article, Jaime Maussan accidentally learned about this miracle in a remote area of Mexico. However, until the end of last year, farmers were willing to transfer this organism to local universities for scientific research, DNA comparative analysis and CT research. It is said that farmers on the farm found the alien baby trapped in a trap and shouted. Out of fear, they first tried to drown him. They tried this three times before they succeeded.

Aliens live in seclusion on earth

alien

In 1987, to Africa zaire The seven scientists on the survey accidentally intruded into an ancient isolated tribe and found that the people in the tribe were different from ordinary people. After getting along for some time, they were surprised to learn that these people had a great understanding of the solar system. After further contact, the tribe revealed an amazing secret. It is said that more than 170 years ago, a Mars spaceship came here for refuge and lived with the local indigenous people. 1977, a best seller《 The Sirius Mystery 》It was also mentioned in Dogon In fact, they are descendants of Sirians. They described in detail to the world as early as the 1940s Sirius Of companion The star didn't fully reveal its true face until 1970. Whether these reports are true or not needs further confirmation. However, some ancient civilizations do have knowledge and technology that are inferior to today's people. Did their wisdom come from aliens?

The UFO of the crashed aliens has puzzled mankind for a long time. However, it has been found that aliens with special functions may also have accidents. Dr. Duranok, a former Soviet scientist, once revealed that in November 1987, a former Soviet desert expedition team found a dish shaped aircraft with a diameter of 22.87 meters in the desert. The UFO engines are in good condition, and 14 of them have been air dried mummy The remains of aliens. The night of July 6, 1947 (famous Roswell UFO incident ）， New Mexico, USA The wind and rain, lightning and thunder are blowing around the small town of Roswell. The next day, people found a round thing lying in the grass. The air force stationed nearby quickly arrived and sealed the scene. Captain Marcel, the person in charge, inspected the condition of the object in detail. It has a diameter of 10 meters and is divided into two compartments, the inner compartment and the outer compartment. To his surprise, there were four human like bodies on the seats in the cabin. They are only about 1 meter tall, with white and delicate skin, large head, long nose and small mouth. There are only four fingers on the hand, and there are webs between the fingers. They wear black and metallic coats, but they are soft. This discovery shocked the military, the Pentagon The news was immediately blocked, but well-informed reporters have released the news. Many local people have confirmed that a UFO crashed near Roswell.

"Google Moon" Suspected Alien Shadow

There are netizens from the three-dimensional moon map software“ Google Moon ”A suspected humanoid image was found in a lunar satellite photo, and some people suspected that it might be the shadow of aliens.

US media recently reported that one“ YouTube ”Website users collected from "Google Moon" NASA This picture was dug out from millions of lunar satellite photos. News website Observer released his findings, saying that if logic is not taken into account, then the image may be alien life.

"Of course, there are many explanations for that shadow," said Tom Rose of Observer Network^[2]

"Superman" landed in Italy

On September 30, 1927 Italy sicily In a small village of, the villager Pinocchio Fiat was sleeping at home when suddenly he heard a loud noise. A red light object fell on their stables, leaving a big hole after killing three good stallions. He got up from his bed and went to see that it was not an ordinary meteorite at all, but a covered spaceship. The cabin door opened, and out flew a man shaped life. He was about six feet tall and was green, wearing a blue tights. He nodded to Pinocchio and threw the ship into mediterranean sea 。 As soon as the spaceship touched the water, it turned into a strange green and dissipated. The "Superman" nodded at Pinocchio and flew away. Pinocchio didn't tell the truth to his son until he was dying. From then on, the story was handed down to the world.

Strange shaped alien skull found in Denmark

In July 2016, Russia's "satellite" news network news, Denmark Principality of Zealand A skull with a strange shape was found on the island. Researchers believe it is an alien skull. The eye part of this skull is much larger than that of normal humans. Therefore, researchers agree that this is the skull of an alien. This skull is 1.5 times larger than a human skull. come from University of Copenhagen A veterinary representative who has been engaged in archaeological excavation said: "If it was not for its strange outline shape and size, this remains might be the remains of mammals. Now we think it is probably not the skull of Earth creatures." According to Danish scholars, the age of this skull excavated was 800 years. Previously, scholars thought that skulls belonged to prehistoric creatures, but later they overturned this view.

In the 14th century, there lived a secret association of poets and writers on the Principality of Zealand Island. According to data, members of this association once owned ancient objects of aliens.

Humans have been killed by aliens

In June 2023, David Grusch, a former US intelligence official, said that "non-human intelligence" Aliens His behavior was full of malice and even killed some human beings. He could not reveal the details, because the US government would protect this secret at all costs, including killing people to silence.^[9]

Public hearings on "unknown anomalies" in the Mexican Parliament

On September 12, 2023 local time, Mexican Parliament The first public hearing related to "unidentified anomalies" was held The remains were unveiled. At the hearing on the same day, the Mexican Parliament showed the remains of two suspected "alien creatures". These two remains were found in Peru It was found 1800 years ago and 700 years ago. The head of the remains is slender, and each hand has three fingers. DNA extracted from the remains also showed that they were not human.^[11]

Scholars' viewpoints

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Harvard University Astrophysicists infer that it is almost impossible for humans to discover the existence of extraterrestrial life. Even if there are several clues, it is difficult to establish contact with them. According to this inference, there may not be any so-called aliens at all. Human beings are truly unique in the vast universe.

So far, astronomers have found a total of 500 planets from distant galaxies called extrasolar systems (and similar to the structure of the solar system), and believe that this is only a fraction of hundreds of millions of similar stars. Based on this conclusion, many scholars hold a positive and positive optimistic attitude towards the existence of extraterrestrial life. Stephen Hawking Not long ago, he said that it is very rational to put forward the hypothesis that there are other life forms in the universe on the premise of the existence of hundreds of millions of galaxies. and University of London More accurately, the researchers calculated that aliens may inhabit as many as 40000 planets.

But Howard Smith, an astrophysicist at Harvard University, believes these ideas are too optimistic. Smith took a negative attitude towards people's ardent hope of finding "partners" in the universe. He said that although there are thousands of indigenous planets with a volume similar to that of the Earth, their own climate and other conditions are very likely not suitable for the existence of life forms such as ET in the movie image - first, some planets are either too close or too far away from the stars around them, The surface temperature is extremely abnormal and does not have the conditions to support the formation of life; Secondly, the orbits of many planets are very special, which causes the temperature difference of stars to change too much, and water, the basic element of life, cannot exist in the form of liquid.

"Suspected to be the first habitable extrasolar planet" discovered in September 2010 Gliese 581g It once attracted the attention of the world, but it can only be "suspected" after all. So far, there are different opinions about its existence. There are new evidences pointing out that the star may not exist at all, let alone the discovery of human like life from it. "We have verified that most earth like planets and solar system alien systems are very different from our solar system. For life, its environment is too bad, so the expectation of the existence of alien intelligent creatures that can be connected with it will be increasingly bleak," Smith said.

In the view of scientists who hold Smith's view, even if they have to take a chance to contact extraterrestrial life, they can only limit the search field to a sphere centered on the Earth with a radius of 1250 light-years at most, and extraterrestrials may hear our information and give feedback. But this dialogue "will span decades of time".^[3]

Russian astronomers predict that humans will encounter aliens

Professor Finkelstein, a Russian astronomer, said: "The emergence of life is an inevitable product of the development of complex atoms. Life must exist on other planets, and humans will find them in the next 20 years." Russian Academy of Sciences Dean of the Institute of Applied Astronomy. When asked about the appearance of aliens, Finkelstein said that they might be similar to humans, with two hands, two legs and a head. He said: "Maybe aliens have different skin colors, but human beings also have different skin colors."

Professor of Stanford University: Aliens have visited the earth 100%

Reported on May 31, 2023, Stanford University Immunologist Nobel Prize Nominator Harry Nolan said he believed that aliens had visited the Earth and were still on it. He also believes that people may have met aliens, but did not realize it. Nolan said that he came to the conclusion that "the most convincing evidence" is that the US government has been constantly investigating the "unidentified aviation phenomenon" in the past few years（“ UFO or UFO ”The term "unknown aviation phenomenon or UAP ”Replace). In addition, Nolan said that his "evidence" also came from the personal statement of the personnel involved in collecting the original UFO information.^[8]

Mexico unveils the bodies of two so-called "non-human" creatures

On September 12, 2023 local time, mexico city At the congressional hearing, the bodies of two so-called "non-human" creatures were publicly displayed. Jaime Maussan, a Mexican UFO expert and journalist, claimed that these two bodies were fossil remains of alien individuals 1000 years ago, not part of the evolution of the earth, but not found in UFO remains, but found in diatomite, which was later made into fossils, but no specific discovery site was disclosed. According to Moussain, after the research of Mexican scientists, the genetic composition of these corpses is 30% different from that of humans, and there are only three fingers, no teeth, and the bones are light but strong.^[10]

Peruvian Forensic Doctor: The so-called "alien" remains are artificial puppets

In January 2024, Peruvian forensic expertise showed that the two so-called "alien" remains that appeared last October were actually artificial puppets made of paper, glue, metal, animals and human bones.^[12]

Key questions

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Is it dangerous to contact aliens?

From the original《 Star Trek 》Arrive again《 Flying into space 》To the most classic《 E.T 》Human exploration of space has never stopped. People have always wanted to find a trace of life in outer space and hope to communicate with it for mutual benefit. But physicists Hawking However, it is said that it is better not to contact aliens actively.

On April 26, 2010, Stephen Hawking, a famous British physicist and mathematician, said in a documentary broadcast on April 25 that there is a great possibility of the existence of aliens, but humans should not take the initiative to find them, and should do everything to avoid contact with them.

Discovery Channel On the 25th, the series of documentary "Follow Stephen Hawking into the Universe" began to be broadcast. Hawking introduces to the audience in the film whether there are aliens, etc The unsolved mystery of the universe View.

Hawking

UK《 Sunday Times 》Hawking was quoted as saying on the 25th that there are more than 100 billion galaxies in the universe, and each galaxy contains at least a large number of stars. Based on this number alone, we can almost conclude the existence of extraterrestrial life.

"The real challenge is to figure out what aliens look like," Hawking said. In his view, extraterrestrial life is very likely to exist in the form of microorganisms or primary organisms, but it cannot be ruled out that there are intelligent creatures that can threaten human beings.

"I think some of them have exhausted the resources on the planet and may live on giant spaceships," he said. "These advanced aliens may become nomadic people , trying to conquer and colonize all the planets they can reach. "

Hawking believes that, in view of the possibility that aliens may plunder all the earth's resources and then go away, it is "too risky" for humans to actively seek contact with them.

"If aliens visit us, I think the result may be Christopher Columbus It was similar when I set foot on the American continent. That's not good for the local Indians. "

Neil, an American historian, believes that the strong (that is, the more developed) civilizations on the earth always control the weaker civilizations, not depending on the political subordination. He believed that when it established contact with extraterrestrial civilization whose level greatly exceeded ours, it might "suppress" our civilization until it was melted into a higher civilization.

However, Chinese mathematicians and linguists Zhou Haizhong In the paper Cosmology published in 1999, it was pointed out that such concerns are totally unnecessary, because as long as they are advanced intelligent life, their reason determines that they must treat all intelligent life in the universe in a proper way, so aliens and earthlings can coexist peacefully, cooperate in friendship and develop together in the future.

It seems that the issue of whether it is dangerous for people on Earth to contact aliens will continue to be debated.

Related works

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Books and works

As in previous centuries, in the 20th century, human beings continued to be enthusiastic about such topics as "whether there is extraterrestrial life" and "whether we are the lonely wisdom in the universe". However, one of the most amazing developments about "aliens" is that they have gone from "science" to "literature and art".

For most of the public, extraterrestrial life does not enter their lives as a science or philosophy, but through the form of fantasy novels to enable readers and film viewers to get a perceptual understanding of extraterrestrials. Science stimulates the creativity of literature, while literature and film stimulate the imagination of the public. In the 20th century, the concept of aliens became the theme of emerging science fiction. These works continued to develop through the formation of literature and film, and reached the peak among popular films:《 2001 Space Odyssey 》（1968）、《 The third kind of contact 》（1977）、《 E.T. 》(1982), and《 Independence Day 》（1996）、《 Trisomy 》Wait.

Film and television works

Alien pictures

Films about aliens since 1945 Roswell incident Since then, UFOs and extraterrestrials have always been the topic of discussion. In 1995, a black and white film with blurry pictures appeared, which was provided by an old photographer in Washington who claimed that he was ordered to go there in 1947 Roswell The Air Force Base is responsible for the shooting of anatomical videos. This increased the credibility of the Roswell UFO crash in 1947. This top secret film, shot by the military, shows the whole process of dissecting an alien body, and has become the evidence that some "UFO fans" have always claimed that the US government has an alien body. However, not long after the movie caused a sensation, it attracted many questions, including: First, there were military photographers in Roswell, and they were the first photographers who could keep secrets. Why did they call another person in Washington? It's unnecessary. Second, autopsies in the United States were recorded in color films with sound. Why did such an important film use backward black and white recording technology without dubbing? Third, the photographer of the black and white film has poor skills, which can not reach the level of military photographers at all; Fourth, the operation of the dissector in the film is very unprofessional, and he is not a qualified anatomist at all. How can the military anatomists be so amateur, especially the doctors who perform such important tasks?

"Anatomy of Aliens" film

It was not until April 2006 that the truth of the film "Anatomy of Aliens" came to light: Ham Ferres, a famous British TV special technician, admitted to the media for the first time that he and several other colleagues concocted the film "Anatomy of Aliens". This blockbuster black and white documentary was not made in the United States in 1947 New Mexico It was shot in the desert near Roswell, but in 1995 in an apartment in Camden, North London. Although the film is fake, its sensational effect is all over the world. Therefore, domestic professional Internet hype Institutions, Jinbaotang Network planning The agency once called this event a century level hype. It captured the strong curiosity of people all over the world about extraterrestrial life and successfully used the afterheat effect of past events, which is a classic in the hype world.

The movie of peaceful coexistence between human beings and aliens ：