Daylight Saving Time (DST), also known as Daylight Saving Time (DST), is a kind ofenergy conservationIn the system of artificially regulating local time, the unified time used during the implementation of this system is called "summer time".Generally, in summer when the day is early, people can adjust the time one hour faster to make people get up early and go to bed early, reduce the amount of lighting, so as to make full use of lighting resources and save lighting power.The specific regulations of countries adopting daylight saving time are different.Nearly 110 countries around the world implement daylight saving time every year.
In April 1986, the relevant departments of the central government of China issued the "Notice on Implementing Daylight Saving Time Nationwide". The specific method is: every year from 2:00 a.m. on the first Sunday in mid April（Beijing Time）, set the clock forward one hour, about toWatch needleFrom 2:00 to 3:00, daylight saving time begins;reachSeptember2:00 a.m. on the first Sunday in the middle of the year（Beijing Daylight Time）, and then set the clock back one hour, that is, set the watch needle from 2:00 to 1:00, and daylight saving time ends.In the six years from 1986 to 1991, except 1986, which was the first year of daylight saving time, from May 4 to September 14, other years were implemented according to the specified time period.A few days before daylight saving time starts and ends,news mediaAll of them are published with notices from relevant departments.Since 1992, daylight saving time has been suspended.
Benjamin Franklin, the initiator of daylight saving time
It is said that the earliest idea of daylight saving time isBenjamin FranklinDuring his tenure as the U.S. ambassador to France, he was used to the early sleep and early rise life of the American rural nobility at that time. He saw the French get up at 10 o'clock when he walked in the morning,night lifeLate into the night.So in 1784, he gave《Paris Magazine》The editor of, wrote a letter saying that the French lifestyle wastes great sunshine, suggesting that they go to bed early and get up early, saying that 64 million pounds of candles can be saved every year.But he didn't suggest daylight saving time, just that people should go to bed early and get up early.Because there was no unified time zone division at that time.But daylight saving time in English means "saving sunshine time".
It was not until 1907 that the British architect William Willett officiallyBritish ParliamentThe idea of daylight saving time was proposed mainly to save energy and provide more time for training soldiers, but it was not adopted by the Parliament after debate.Because his fame is not as good as that of Benjamin Franklin, many people regard Benjamin Franklin as the inventor of summer time and ignore William Willett.
In 1916,GermanyFirst of all, the UK adopted daylight saving time because it was afraid that Germany would get more benefits from it. It saved about 15% of gas and electricity during daylight saving time. However, in order to make up for the losses, the power and gas companies also increased the price by 15%.France soon followed suit.In 1917,RussiaDaylight saving time was introduced for the first time, but it did not become a regular system until 1981.In 1918, participated in thethe First World WarThe United States of America also adopted daylight saving time, but it was canceled immediately after the war.
Comparison of Daylight Saving Time in Different Countries
In 1942,the Second World WarDuring this period, the United States implemented daylight saving time.The start and end time (date) of using daylight saving time was determined by the states themselves from 1945 to 1966.In 1966,US Federal GovernmentThe start and end times (dates) of daylight saving time have been reunified.Most European countries have beenThe Fourth Middle East WarCause the first timeoil crisis (1973) Three years later, daylight saving time was introduced.
High latitudeBecause the sun rises earlier in summer than in winter, daylight saving time really saves lighting time.
Workers adjusting to daylight saving time
Many retailers are positive about daylight saving time.American confectionery groups have lobbiedUnited States CongressExtend daylight saving time to November becauseHalloweenIt is the season when candy sales are at their peak, and parents do not want their children to hang out after dark.
Some people think that daylight saving time has a negative effect onNight blindnessIt's good for our people.In addition to saving electricity, it also enables people to get up earlygood habit。
malpractice
yesLow latitudeArea, daylight saving time has little effect.In particular, these places are very hot and humid in summer. When the night comes, it is muggy and unable to sleep, and early morning is a good time to sleep.
When daylight saving time starts and ends, people mustChronographSpeed up or slow down;When daylight saving time ends, some times will appear twice on the same day, which can easily cause confusion.It also affects the flight time.
Daylight saving time goes against the original intention of setting the time zone - try to make noon close to the time when the sun is in the middle of the sky.
Other disputes
Daylight saving time enables Russia to save 2 billion kilowatt hours of electricity every year, but this number is only equivalent to two or threethermal power plantOfPower generation。This system also enables France to useenergy consumptionReduce by 4%.The research up to March 2014 shows that in the best case, daylight saving time can help the United States reduce 1%Power consumption。Research results of other institutions, such asNational Bureau of Standards, it is believed that daylight saving time has no impact on power consumption.Some people think that daylight saving time does not make obvious profits in tourism and energy consumption, and it also disturbs children and the elderlybiological clock, which violates the human's normalPhysiological rhythm。
The change of time will disturb usBiological rhythm, research shows that during the period when spring daylight saving time was implemented, the suicide rate increased significantly, andheart diseaseThe incidence of HIV/AIDS also increased significantly.in fact,KazakhstanThe reason for abolishing daylight saving time in 2005 was "for health reasons".Of course, daylight saving time extends the daytime, so people can make good use of the extra time to exercise and keep fit.But it also raises the risk of heart disease.
The original meaning of daylight saving time is to go to bed early and get up early, make full use of the sun, and speed up or slow down all timing instruments to achieve this goal, which is undoubtedly the most inappropriate, just like concealing one's ears and stealing a bell.What we should do is to adjust the appropriate work and rest time.
Situation in China
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history
In 1919,Republic of ChinaThe government in Shanghai andTianjinOne year daylight saving time was briefly applied.stayTaiwanIt has also been implemented in regions;During the period from April 1, 1941 to October 21, 1979, most of Hong Kong implemented daylight saving time in summer (not implemented in 1977 and 1978). The calculation method of Hong Kong daylight saving time isHong Kong Standard TimeAdd 1 hour.In the years during the Japanese invasion (1942-1945), the Chinese region in the invaded area was implemented throughout the yearHong Kong TimeIt is actually the same as the time in Japan, and will not be implemented after 1980. For details, please refer to Hong Kong Time;
From 1986 to 1991,The People's Republic of ChinaSix year daylight saving time is implemented nationwide, starting at 2:00 on the first Sunday in mid April every year（Beijing Time）By 2:00 a.m. on the first Sunday in mid September（Beijing Daylight Time）。Except 1986, which is the first year for implementing daylight saving time, from May 4 to September 14, other years are implemented according to the specified time period.During the implementation of daylight saving time, adjust the time one hour faster.It will not be implemented after April 5, 1992.
The proposal to implement daylight saving time was first made byDou XingyuanPropose.In April 1986,General Office of the CPC Central CommitteeandGeneral Office of the State CouncilThe Notice on Implementing Daylight Saving Time Nationwide was issued to mobilize people all over the country toenergy conservationEarly to bed and early to rise, and require all departments throughout the country to do a good job in publicity and arrangements.The specific method is: every year from 2:00 a.m. on the first Sunday in mid April（Beijing Time）, set the clock forward one hour, about toWatch needleFrom 2:00 to 3:00, daylight saving time begins;By 2:00 a.m. (Beijing Daylight Saving Time) on the first Sunday in mid September, set the clock back one hour, that is, set the clock from 2:00 to 1:00, and daylight saving time will end.A few days before daylight saving time starts and ends,news mediaAll of them are published with notices from relevant departments.It is worth noting that people born during daylight saving time,LifetimeOne hour must be subtracted.Since 1992, daylight saving time has been suspended.
Implementation time
Summer Time Clock Sculpture
From 1986 to 1991, between 2 a.m. on the second Sunday in April and 2 a.m. on the second Sunday in September.
Specific implementation time from 1986 to 1991
May 4 to September 14, 1986 (1986 is the first year for implementing daylight saving time, from May 4 to September 14)
April 12 to September 13, 1987
April 10 to September 11, 1988
April 16 to September 17, 1989
April 15 to September 16, 1990
April 14 to September 15, 1991
About restoring
With the shortage of national energy and the shortage of power supply, how to save energy and make rational use of energy has become a topic.Therefore, it is suggested that the country resume the implementation of daylight saving time to ease tensions.However, some people think that daylight saving time has a limited effect, which will bring chaos to people's lives and is not suitable for recovery.
In contrast, the daylight saving time policy of European and American countries
Someone calculated that if everyone in China saves 1 kilowatt hour of electricity every day due to the implementation of daylight saving time, then the daylight saving time will last for 153 days, so everyone can save 153 kilowatt hours of electricity every year. If 1 billion people in the 1.3 billion population of the country can contribute to the implementation of daylight saving time, then the whole country can save 1 billion kilowatt hours of electricity every day, and the country can save 153 billion kilowatt hours of electricity every year.If each person can save 2 kilowatt hours of electricity every day, the country can save 2 billion kilowatt hours of electricity every day, and 306 billion kilowatt hours of electricity can be saved every year, which is equivalent toThree Gorges DamAnnual power generation(84.68 billion kilowatt hours).However, in real life, daylight saving time does not effectively save energy. Due to the cost of time adjustment, there are few benefits of daylight saving time.
Some people believe that people's long-term time habits can be corrected and adjusted through legislative constraints.However, this is against the original intention of legislation. Legislation cannot and should not restrict people's life itself, and doing so is harmful to health.
NanjingHuaqiao RoadReal estate transactionregisterOn the window of the service hall on the third floor of the center, there is a Notice on the Implementation of High Temperature Work and Rest Time in Summer, which states that, according to the spirit of the relevant notice of the General Office of the Nanjing Municipal Government, from July 15 to September 30, 2016, the working time in the afternoon is adjusted from 1:30 to 2:30, and the off duty time remains unchanged at 5:30, which means thatworking hoursOne hour shorter.
Except Nanjing,Wuxi、SuzhouHigh temperature in summer has also been implemented in other placesWork and rest schedule, butWuxi CityThe government has made clear the adjustmentWork programme, cancel daylight saving time.[1]
Countries in the world
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Russia
RussiaSince March 27, 2011, daylight saving time has been used permanently, and the time has been set one hour ahead of schedule.
In the PresidentDmitry MedvedevWith the support of, at 2:00 pm local time in each time zone of Russia, the time was permanently adjusted to one hour faster and daylight saving time was used.For example,Moscow TimeAndGreenwich Mean TimeThere will be a permanent difference of 4 hours.PressAFPBecauseSoviet UnionIn 1930, the national reunification was required to speed up the time by one hour, which means that the time across Russia will be two hours faster than before.
In 1981, the Soviet Union introduced the daylight saving time system to save energy. It starts on the last Sunday in March and ends on the last Sunday in October.
Medvedev announced last month that Russia will permanently use daylight saving time in the future because of frequentAdjustment timeCan cause "stress" and lead to“Biological cycleDisorder ".He joked: "Adjusting the time will make cows and other animals unhappy, because they do not know how to adjust the time and do not understand why humans milk at different times."
However, the Russian Cherbusky Institutemental diseaseThe head of the college, Zurab Kirgize, said, "ReturnWinter timeIt does not affect human health. "
According to the poll data of the Yuri Levada Analysis Center, 63% of the Russian people support the permanent use of daylight saving time.
Since Medvedev came to power, he has adjusted the national time use system many times.In 2013, it announced the merger of a time zone in the central part of China and the transformation of the easternmost time zoneLocal timeSlowing down by one hour will reduce the number of time zones in Russia from 11 to 9.
On June 10, 2014, the Russian Duma passed the "time adjustment" bill.According to the bill, Russia will cancel the "permanent daylight saving time" used since 2011, and when it returns to winter, it will no longer implement the winter summer time system in the future.This means that Russia will enter "permanent winter time".The bill will take effect in the early morning of the 26th, when Russia will adjust the clock one hour ahead.[2]
U.S.A
The implementation of daylight saving time in the United States is entirely up to the states and counties, notfederal governmentUniform provisions.At present, most regions in the United States implement daylight saving time, and the regions that do not implement daylight saving time in the United States include:[3]
1．ArizonaThe vast majority of the region (except for a small block in the northeast);
The United States andCanadaOriginally implemented at 2:00 a.m. on the last Sunday in October every yearWinter timeRoom;Daylight saving time will resume from 2:00 am on the first Sunday in April.
But according toUS CongressThe latest energy bill, in order to strengthen daylight saving, has extended the summer time since 2007, starting from the second Sunday in March and ending on the first Sunday in November. Therefore, the winter time will be shortened by about one month.The reason why it is arranged on Sunday is that the adjustment of life will not be greatly affected.
On March 15, 2022 local time, the United States CongresssenateApprove the bill to make daylight saving time permanent.The bill will allow the United States to permanently implement daylight saving time from 2023, ending the practice of adjusting the clock twice a year.[4]
Other countries
EU countries andSwitzerlandDaylight saving time is applied from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October.At 2:00 a.m. on the last Sunday of March, Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), EU countries will change the time simultaneously,Western EuropeTime zone（UTC）Country (e.g. UKIrelandandPortugal）、Central EuropeTime zone (UTC+1) countries (e.g. France, Germany, andItaly）AndEastern EuropeTime zone (UTC+2) countries (such as:FinlandandGreece）The local time of is adjusted from 02:00/03:00 to 03:00/04:00 respectively.stayGreenwich Mean TimeAt 03:00 on the last Sunday in October, the opposite adjustment will be made.
CanadaDaylight saving time is available from the second Sunday in March to the first Sunday in November, butSaskatchewanNot in most areas.
MexicoDaylight saving time is available from the first Sunday in April to the last Sunday in October, but in the capitalmexico cityAs the mayor disagrees with the president's decision to implement daylight saving time, some districts obey the president's decision to implement daylight saving time, while some districts obey the mayor's decision not to implement daylight saving time.
AustraliaExcept the northern regionQueenslandandWestern AustraliaDaylight saving time is applied for all except (Perth);Daylight saving time in other states starts on the first Sunday in October and ends on the first Sunday in April of the following year.Perth used to implement daylight saving time in 2006-2009, but the people of Perth in 2009Referendum, Cancel Daylight Saving Time.
