Easter IslandSouth Pacific East, eastward distanceChileThe mainland is about 3600 kilometers long, 27 degrees south latitude and 109 degrees west longitude.NetherlandsOn April 5, 1722, Rohfen, a navigatorEasterThe island was found and boarded, hence its name.Locals call it Rapanui Island.The island is geographicallyPolynesia, located at the eastern end of the archipelago.
The island's residents are mixed, mainly Polynesians, and almost all live on the west coast with barriersHanga Roa (Hanga Roa) village, population 5761 (2012 data).
In 1995, the whole island was listed as a national park《World Heritage List》。
At present, there are about 5000 inhabitants on the island, all of whom are Polynesians. Before Westerners came to the island, the island was still in human territoryStone Age。Because there are stones on the island, there are no crops, and only some easy to growSweet potato。The islanders used to rely on fishing and a few sweet potatoes for a living, but now they are mostly engaged in tourism services.Aboriginal people on the islandPolynesian, called the island "the center of the world".
The first discoverer of the island was the British navigator Edward Davis. When he first landed on the island in 1686, he found it desolate, but there were many huge stone statues standing there. Davis was very surprised, so he called the island "a land of misery and strangeness".
Easter Island Map
From 1805, western colonialists began to capture Rapanui people on the island as slaves.At first, it was only occasionally. In 1862,PeruPirates came by eight ships and captured more than 1000 Rapanui. The male Rapanui were almost completely captured. These people were transported to Peru and sold to the local peopleSlave owner。stayworld opinionThe Peruvian government had to order the slave traders to release these Rapa Nui, but only about 100 of these Rapa Nui had died, and they were infected again on the way back to Easter IslandsmallpoxDuring the journey, only 15 people returned to their hometown.These 15 people also brought smallpox to Easter Island.The last group of descendants of the legendary founding chief, Hotu Matu'a, died, as did all the chiefs and priests.Only a few hundred people remained on the island.
In the following year, French missionaries set foot on Easter Island and easily transformed the Rapa Nui people in the disaster into Christians. At the same time, they completely eliminated the culture of the island.They ordered all the inscriptions to be burnedLange LangeOf wood.The 25 surviving Lange Lange boards were secretly hidden by the Rapanui people.
Easter Island
Rapanui people who survived in the 1870s moved toTahitiBy 1877, there were only 111 people left on the island.
In 1888, also on Easter Day, the Chilean government announced the annexation of Easter Island and leased most of the land on the island to the Shepherd Company, which lasted until 1953. Sheep herding made the land on the island more barren.The population of the island has risen to more than 2000, but only 5%school-age childrenspeakRapanui。
World Heritage, one of the most isolated inhabited islands in history
The first European to land on Resurrection Island was the Dutch merchant captain Jacob Roggeneen, who stayed on the island for one day in 1722.He and his crew found that there were residents on the island. According to them, these residents had various shapes. They prostrated themselves to the rising sun and worshiped the huge stone statue with fire.Some of them, said to be whiteEarlobePerforationIt is obviously the custom of non Polynesians to hang ornaments on their shoulders.
Easter Island Stone Statue
SpainPeruAn expedition sent by the Governor rediscovered the island in 1770.They estimated that there were about 3000 inhabitants on the island.Sailors in Britainjames cook Before Colonel James Cook arrived on the island in 1774, it seemed that there had been a civil war on the island.The British found the poverty-stricken Polynesian residents who had been slaughtered. There were only 600 to 700 men and less than 30 women.They also saw that the huge stone statues were no longer objects of worship, and most of them had been pulled down.French navigator in 1786RaperuzThe Earl (Jean Francois de Galaup, Count de La Perouse) arrived at the island and found about 2000 people on the island. He tried to introducelivestock, was unsuccessful.Since 1792, some sailboats, includingWhaling ship, visit the island.By 1860, the population was about 3000.In 1862, the slave traders from Peru plundered the island in a large scale, and the acquired smallpox became popular. The population decreased to 111 in 1877.At the end of the 19th century, the population increased again.1864French Catholics SiduoEugene Eyraud was the first foreigner to settle down on the island;By 1868, the residents believed in Christianity.From 1870Tahiti20% of the immigrants began to raise sheep.In 1888, the island was incorporated into the territory of Chile, which leased almost all the land to raise sheep.In 1954, the Chilean naval authorities took over the sheep ranch.In 1965, the Chilean government appointed a civilian governor, and the islanders became full citizens of Chile.In only 30 years, the revived islanders have fully adapted to the cultural standards of the mainland, but have not forgotten to respect their own ancestors and their craft and customs.Every February, men, women and children all participate in competitive activities to review the island's past arts and customs, including carving, knocking, weaving reed boats, and traditional singing and dancing.
Origin of name
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On April 5, 1722,NetherlandsAdmiralNetherlandsWest IndiaThe island.In 1914, relevant investigation and research activities were carried out on Easter Island.But today's anthropologists call the island Rapa Nui according to the local language, which came from the 1860sTahitiOfpolynesiaLabor's name for it.
All the discovery history of Easter Island has been recordedNetherlands West India CompanyIt is composed of three shipsthe pacific oceanThe expedition first visited the island in 1722.The fleet, led by Dutch Admiral Jacob Rogwin, was circling the southern tip of South AmericaCape Horn, found this strange island on April 22, 1722.Since this day is "the first day of Christian Easter", Rogwin named it Easter Island, which means "the land of my Lord's resurrection".
However, the original inhabitants of the island called their hometown "Ji Beiao Ji Henua", which literally translates as "the belly button of the earth", meaning "the center of the world";The Polynesians and the Pacific IslandsIndigenous peoplesCall it Rapa Nui.[1]
It is impossible to know for sure whether the original inhabitants have a special name other than Tekainga, which means "earth".It is said that there is a name from its ancestors called "Tepito Kura", which was once translated as "the belly button of the world", which has aroused many people's imagination.
Surprisingly, the residents of Easter Island call the place where they live "the belly button of the world".At first, people didn't understand this name until laterspace shuttleWhen the astronauts on board took a bird's eye view of the earth from a high altitude, they found that the name was completely correct - Easter Island was hanging alone in the vast Pacific Ocean, just like a small "belly button".
But the "belly button of the world" may not refer to the whole island, but only to the one on the islandcrater, then there is no mystery.And according to the linguist W. Churchill's research, the exact meaning of this name may be "the end of the earth".
Geographic resources
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geographical position
Easter Island Stone Statue
Easter Island is located in the southeast Pacific OceanSouth LatitudeNear the intersection of 27 degrees and 109 degrees west longitude, covering an area of about 117 square kilometersRepublic of Chile Valparaiso region.It leavesSouth AmericaChileIt is about 3000 kilometers away from other islands in the Pacific Ocean, so it is a lonely island in the Southeast Pacific Ocean.Easter Island is one of the most isolated islands. It is far from being settledPitcairn Islands It is also 2075 kilometers away.The shape of the island is approximately onetriangle, composed of three volcanoes.
The shape of Easter Island is irregular triangle. It is 23 kilometers long from east to west, 11 kilometers wide from north to south, and covers an area of 118 square kilometers.The whole island is composed ofVolcanic tuffThere are still several volcanoes with rugged ground and barren land.[2]
Easter Island Satellite Map
This hilly island is not sinkingLandmassIt is a typical high island in the ocean formed by some volcanoes rising from the sea floor.Mainly byTuff(a porous rock formed from solid volcanic debris) andLava flow3Extinct volcanoMake the island a unique triangle.There are some parasitic tuff craters andVolcanic cone(that is, the crater and cone formed on or near the side of the volcano after the earliest crater was blocked). In other areas, there are many eroded lava areasObsidian。Stone free surface soil is barren;The places suitable for large-scale farming are mainly distributed in the southwest Angaroa and Mataveri regions, the plains in the southwest of Vaihu and Rano Raraku volcanoes, and the prehistoric reclaimed Poike Peninsula in the east corner of the island.Depending on Rano Kao, Ranu Lalaku, Rano Aroi and other volcanoes, the part covered by marshCrater lakeAccumulate rainwater.By Lanu ArroyVolcanic lakeAn intermittent stream for water supply flows down the Trewaka hillside and injects water permeable soil.About 914 meters (3000 feet) wide, the deep crater lake of Lanu Ko volcano supplies water to Angaroa.The coast is formed by soft, eroded gray cliffs, with a vertical steep drop of about 152~305 meters (500~1000 feet);Some long, low, hard and rugged lava structures sometimes cut off the cliff.There is a lack of natural ports, but there are anchorage sites in Angaroa on the west bank, Vinapu and Hotu Iti on the south bank, the sea near Anakena, and Bahia la Perouse on the north bank. There are some small islands near the coast, mainly Motu Nui Island and Motu ItiMotu Kaokao (image of local bird god) near the atoll and southwest cape.The only real beach is Anakina, and most other beaches are gravel.There are many caves.
Many volcanic hills stand on the island, with the highest point at 601 meters above sea level.The ground is rugged and covered with thick tuff.Most of the landforms on the island are smooth hills, grasslands and volcanoes.The beaches on the island are mostly rocky, the cliffs are everywhere, and the bay is not guarded.There are only three beaches on the island, and the sand is very clean.
The northeast is higher than the Polynesian islands.The southwest is flat, 3700km away from the west coast of Chile.There is a volcano at each corner of the triangle.At the left corner is Mount Lanokau.On the right is Lanolalako Volcano, the slope of which has the largest group of giant stone statues on the island.At the northern corner is Mount Lanoalu, which is adjacent to Mount Trewaka.
Islanders
The islanders are a Polynesian from the Marguesas raceSubgroupThe easternmost immigrants.The original Labenui vocabulary has been lost, and was introduced to the massacred residents by missionaries in 1864TahitiBefore the dialect, only some mixed Polynesian characters and non Polynesian characters were recorded.Spanish is popular.Traditionally, the islanders consider themselves to be descendants of two races: the long eared and the short eared.Intermarriage is common.More and more people of foreign origin are flowing in.
Climatic environment
Tropical marine climate, there is no stream on the surfaceCrater LakeThe water is the drinking water source, and the diameter of Lanokao crater lake is 1.6 kilometers.The climate is warm and humid,Annual average temperature22 ℃, rain all year round,Annual precipitation1300 mm.The month with the largest rainfall is May, with the rainfall reaching 159mm.Heavy rain can not change the way of life of the people on the island, but fishing and agriculture are affected by the moon and wind.
The climate is subtropical, that is, sunny and dry.The hottest month is from January to March, with an average temperature of 23 ℃ (73 ℉);The coolest month is from June to August, with an average temperature of 18 ℃ (64 ℉).annually averageprecipitationIt is about 1250 mm (49 inches), but it changes a lot every year.September is the driest, and June and July have the most rainfallfrontal surfaceThe passing time is consistent.The wind blows irregularly in June and August, and it mainly comes from the east and southeasttrade wind。From September to next March Peruocean current(also calledHumboldt Current ）Through the island, the average water temperature is about 21 ℃ (70 ℉).
Main resources
Botany
Easter Island is a grassland without any trees higher than 3m.Vegetation includes shrubsthick growth of grassMainly.Botanists found only 47 indigenous species on the islandhigher plantMost of them are herbs and ferns, and only four kinds of small shrubs.
The local animals and plants are very poor.The analysis of pollen sediment shows that there were trees and shrubs, includingChilean palmJubaea spectabilis.There are only 31 species of flowering wild trees, 14 speciesFernAnd 14 kindsMossesBotany.Grass and small ferns grow on the barren land, while the crater lake full of marshes is densely covered by two imported American plants: Totora reeds (an important building material), and sharpPolygonumThe plant Polygonum acuminatum is a kind ofmedicinal plant。Before Europeans came, they also introduced some cultivated plants, some of which came fromAmerica, some from Polynesia;The main variety is sweet potato, which is widely planted in plantations and is the main food for residents.The earliest input varieties aregourd, sugarcane, bananaTaro、Dioscorea zingiberensisAnd two useful trees:AsiaPaper mulberry,barkIt can be used for cloth making;Triumfetta semitriloba in the United States, the bark can be used to make ropes.
animal
wild animalIn addition to foreign mice and a small lizard, which may be native, there is no largeinsect。It doesn't even have native bats or land birds.as fordomestic animals , there is only chicken.
The isolated environment of islands makes animals have great limitations,vertebrateonlyfishOr seabirds capable of long-distance flight.Besidesspider, insectsearthworm、snail、centipedeEtc.In 1866, missionaries introduced sheep, horses, cattle, pigs, etclivestock。A large number of wild cats living in wild caves do not know how they were introduced.
Before humans, the only vertebrates were fish or seabirds that could fly long distances.On land, there are only a few species of isopods（Crustacea)spider, insectsearthworm, snails andCentipede。In modern times, a large number offly, largecockroachAnd a small scorpion.The local edible Polynesian rats were later replaced by larger European rats.In 1864, the missionaries who settled down on the island introduced sheep, horses, cattle and pigs.After foreign ranchers began to operate commercial ranches in 1870, there were more sheep in about 100 years.In the mid-1980s, sheep breeding came to an end, but cattle breeding flourished.Since 1880, Chilean quail chickensquailAnd an eagle.sea turtleAnd sealsRare animal, there arelobsterAnd various coastal and deep-sea fishes.
archaeological discovery
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Works carved from volcanic rocks on Easter Island
Easter Island is famous for its huge stone statues. There are more than 600 large stone statues on the island, as well as the ruins of the great stone platform (ahu, stone pile). There are open-air courtyards facing the land, and some courtyards are ingenious.Conducted in 1886, 1914 and 1934archaeological investigation；Archaeological excavation began in 1955.The result shows that there are three distinct cultural periods on the island.In the early days, there were large stone platforms in Tahai, Venap and Anakina,Carbon datingMeasured at aboutWestern Yuan700~800 years.Colonel Kirk praised the first two stone platforms and described them;The walls of Anakina Stone Platform were buried underground until they were excavated in 1987.From the excavation work of Anachna, it is found that many stone statues were carved in the early period, among which there is a smaller prototype of the mid bust. The main difference between the mid bust and the mid bust is the round head and the sturdy body.Another type is arealismStatue, representing a full body figure kneeling, with hips on heels and hands on knees. There is a statue with bare ribsSouth AmericaVarious features of the pre Inca monuments of Tiwanaku.In the middle period (1050?~1680), the stone statues were deliberately destroyed and discarded, and all the stone platforms were rebuilt without considering the sun's position or the size of the stone structure.It seems that the only wish is to have a solid stone platform that can support a higher and larger bust, that is, the typical "moai" in the middle period.
In the middle period, a tomb was built in the stone platform.The size of the stone statue became larger and larger, and later reached an astonishing degree;The slender head of the slender and tall bust is usefulRed tuffIt is a large cylindrical "Pukao" (meaning headdress).Most of the stone statues in the middle period are about 3~6 meters (10~20 feet) high, but the largest stone statue standing on the stone platform is about 10 meters (32 feet) high and weighs about 82 tons[3](Another said: 74500 kg[4]）The "Pugao" on its top weighs about 11 tons.The largest stone statue still standing today is partially buried in the deep mud below the quarry, about 11 meters (37 feet) high.The largest unfinished stone statue is about 21 meters (68 feet) high, with its back resting on the rock.Some traditions confirmed by archaeology show that these stone statues represent some important people who were worshipped as gods after death.
The middle stone statues are all unique to the rock walls of the crater lake of Lanu Laraku volcanoYellowish grey tuffmake.There are many unfinished stone carvings and thousands of rough stone picks scattered inside and outside the bowl shaped area of the crater, which proves that the carving work was interrupted suddenly.
Easter Island
Experiments carried out from 1955 to 1956 based on the traditions of the island showed that many stone picks made of basalt left in the quarry could be used to carve hard tuff.Another experiment showed that 12 islanders were able to lift a 25 ton stone statue about 3 meters (9 feet) high off the ground, tilt it vertically, and put it on the stone platform: this work would take 18 days without any tools except the two wooden poles used as levers.Large and small stones were wedged under the stone statue one by one to form a slowly rising conical stone heap, so as to make the giant stand up.Traditionally, these stone statues are said to "walk" through this area to a distant place, but in the experiment, 180 people were able to remove a medium-sized stone statue from the ground.An experiment in 1986 again found that 15 people could move a medium-sized stone statue on the ground by pulling forward with a group of ropes.
The middle stone bust is obviously taken from a local prototype, and there are no similar stone sculptures in other places.In the middle period, there was also a special phenomenon, that is, there was a bird god worship ceremony in which the bird catcher followed the etiquette. This phenomenon continued to the third period, that is, the late period.Its ritual center is Lanu·KeshanThe village of Orongo above is full of stone houses with roofs like false arches.These stone houses and the connected circular brick houses with roof entrances are the characteristics of the early and middle stages of the island;Although there is no such house in other parts of Polynesia, it is common in neighboring areas of South America.
Related mysteries
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Mystery of Stone Statues on the Island
Easter Island is known as the most mysterious place in the world. It is known as the stone statue on the island. It brings many mysteries to people, and it is also a beautiful place on the islandscenic horizon。
Easter IslandStone statueIt is famous all over the world.There are more than 1000 huge stone statues and ruins of the Big Rock City on the island.In 1914 and 1934, he carried out investigation and investigation, and in 1955, he was engaged in excavation work. It was believed that there were threeCultural period。The early huge stone wall can be used to observe the sunrise position of the year.All kinds of small and medium-sized stone statues are darkbasalt、TuffandslagFor stone, useisotopeCarbon was measured around 1680 BC.The middle period is characterized by the long eared, legless stone bust on the stone platform.The stone statue is 3-6 meters high.The highest statue is 9.8 meters long and weighs about 82 tons.
The giant hat on the top of the Easter Island stone statue
There are nearly 1000 giantStone figureSome hats weigh more than ten tons.They lie on wild slopes or on the seashore.There are dozens of them standing on the artificial platform at the seaside, alone or in groups, facing the sea, holding their heads highhyperopia。These legless busts are vividly shaped,Roman noseDeep eye sockets, long ears, cocky mouth, hands on the stomach.The stone statue is 5-10 meters high and weighs dozens of tons. The tallest statue is 22 meters high and weighs more than 300 tons.Some stone statues have red stone caps on their heads, weighing up to 10 tons.These stone statues, called "Moe" by the local people, are made of darkbasalt、TuffIt is carved, and some of them are inlaid with shells to form eyes.
Easter Island Stone StatueThe mystery of the giant hat has been solved. The giant hat on the top of the Easter Island stone statue has always beenarchaeologistAn unsolved mystery.A team of British archaeologists finally solved the mystery.They believe that the stone used to carve the giant stone cap came from a stone that had not been studied beforequarryThe stone statue wearing a hat is a symbol of power.
Researchers believe that the first stone caps appeared between 1200 and 1300.
Legend of statue making
One theory is that these stone statues were carved by people on the island. They are gods worshipped by indigenous people on the island or dead chiefs and ancestors deified by islanders. More people agree with this statement.However, some experts believe that the high nose and thin lips of the stone statue are typical of white people, while the inhabitants of the island are Polynesians, and their appearance does not have this feature.Long ears are not like any kind of people.Sculpture is an art that always contains the characteristics of that nation, and the modeling of these stone statues does not have the characteristics of Polynesians.Then, they would not be the ancestors of the Polynesian people who live on the island, and these statues could not be made by them.In addition, from another perspective, it is difficult for people on the island to use the original stone tools to complete such a large sculpture project.It has been estimated that before 2000, the food available on this island could only support 2000 people at mostStone AgeThey have to work hard to find food every day to barely feed themselves. How can they have time to do these sculptures?Moreover, this kind of stone statue is highly artistic, and experts are all amazed by these "wonderful skills".
Another argument is that the stone statue was not carved by people on the island, but was made by aliens who are more civilized than the earth.They choose this for some purpose and requirementthe pacific oceanThese stone statues were built on the isolated island on the mountain.This is even more bizarre.In order to carve these stone statues, many blunt stone tools have been discarded on the island. Who would believe that aliens who are more civilized than the earth people will use stone tools to make stone statues?A 15 ton crane can lift the heaviest statue and place it on Ahu.It can be seen that the statue is not as heavy as people say.
The Mystery of Lango Lango Board
The most mysterious place on earth is the island.The most mysterious of all the islands is Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean.The island is famous for its giant stone statues.AndGiant stone figureThere are countless mysteries flowing into the world together, such asLongo LongoThe Mystery of the Board.
This is one of the most magical mysteries of Easter Island.It is a kind of "talking board", which is called "Kohaku" by local people·Longo Longo”。France was the first to know the value of this woodMonkErin Aiero.Earren has lived on the island for nearly one year and knows that this wood is the ancient writing of Easter Island.
"Lango Lango" is a kind of dark brown round board, some of which are likeWooden oar, engraved with lines of patterns andText symbols。People with long wings and two heads;Having a hooked bill, large eyes, and long horns on both sides of the headBiped；Threaded, boatlizard, frogs, fish, turtles and other imaginary things and real things.When Iren was alive, almost every family had a collection of such boards.Erin soon contracted tuberculosis and died soon.Shortly after his death, due to religious interference, "Longo Longo" was burned one by one and almost disappeared.Due to the war and other reasons, no one on the island can understand these characters.
However, people of insight all believe that the "Longo Longo" character symbol is the key to unlock the mystery of the ancient civilization of Easter Island.For more than 100 years, many scholars in the world have devoted their lives to deciphering it, but no one has been able to decipher it.
Zuoshan, the Bishop of Taiti Island, attaches great importance to "Lango Lango" and believes that it is the first written relic seen in the Pacific islands, and its symbols are similar to ancient Egyptian.Seen from the text itself, it seems to originate fromasia minor peninsula ；From the perspective of writing method, it belongs to the revolving writing method system from left to right.
Lango Lango board
Czech RepublicLuo Wukewu, an ethnologist and character connoisseur, found that the original Indian is more similar to the "Lango Lango" design symbols.HungarylinguistHaiweishen made analysis and comparison on this, andFrench Academy of SciencesHe made a report that shocked the scientific community.The report points out that 175 of the two text symbols are identical.The Easter Island script existed in the middle of the 19th century, while the Indian Valley script matured as early as 2500 BC, more than 4000 years apart.
AustriaArchaeologist Gallidan confirmed that Easter IslandAncient writingAnd ancient ChineseHieroglyphicsThey are quite similar.In 1951, he said again:SumatraThe image of birds on folk decorations is very similar to that on "Lango Lango".
French professor Mantero had done a lot of archaeological work on Easter Island in the 1930s.He insisted that the "Lango Lango" language had close relations with the Indians of Central America.Scholars from all countries have their own opinions.
Later, a young man named Mindoro came to Taiti Island from Easter Island and claimed to be able to read mysterious wood characters.He was immediately summoned by Archbishop Zuoshan to read and sing in the mansion for 15 days, and the bishop quickly recorded the symbols and usedLatinAnnotate and write a note.
In 1954, an ethnologist named Badeli was in Romesangha The archives found an oil stainMottleOld ofWorkbookThat is "Bishop Sasayama's Notes".Two years later, Badeli claimed at an international conference that he had deciphered the characters and symbols of "Lango Lango".The text describes that the Southern Taiping Islands are the stage for clan wars and religious homicide ceremonies.
But whenHamburger University After the publication of Badeli's lengthy works, people found that Bashi's interpretation of the characters "Lango Lango" was just a copy of Mindoro's dictation.
In 1915, British lady Caitlin led an archaeological team to land on the island.She heard that there was an old man on the island who knew "Longo Longo", so she went to visit immediately.The old man, Tomonika, was seriously ill.He can not only read the wooden board, but also write, and wrote a page to the lady. The symbols are exactly the same as those on the board.But the old man would not say its meaning until he died.
In 1956, led by Toure HeldaNorwayThe American delegation came to Easter Island and found out that a man named Eshiban had a book written by his grandfather with all the characters and symbols of Easter Island, which was annotated in Latin.But Eshiban would not let Tours read it carefully.Later, no one saw the book again.
Forty years after the death of the old Tomonika,ChileScholar Hoch Siliva saw a "Lango Lango" dictionary handed down by the old man at the home of the old man's child Petro Pager.Hoch got permission to take a picture of the speech, but then the film and the speech disappeared inexplicably.
Strangely, Caitlin died suddenly just in time to publish her diary.The investigated materials will disappear if they are not published.The only handwritten character symbol on a page can be transmitted to today by accident.However, it is still a mystery what the old Tomonika wrote before he died.
Mysterious Stone Statue
polynesiaThe scholar Heroa put forward a view that the symbols on the board are not words.In the 19th centuryLondonAt an ethnographic conference, Thomas Gaxley solemnly claimed that the "Longo Longo" symbol was not a word, but a special stamp printed on textiles.
For 130 years, there have been explorations, discoveries, hopes, disappointments and sensations, but the wood carved with fish, stars, birds, turtles and other patterns and symbols has always remained silent.There are only more than 20 boards in the world.Save separately inLondon、Berlin、Vienna、Washington、Honolulu、Santiago、St.PetersburgIn the museum.
1996 RussiaSt.PetersburgThe Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology has published a blue book with only 200 copies.The author is Irina Fedorova, a doctor of history.The pamphlet is the result of the author's painstaking research for more than 30 years.It finally solved the mystery of "talking wood" on Easter Island.
Irina became obsessed with the words "Lango Lango" in the 1940s. After more than 30 years of research on the history, customs, habits and ways of islanders of Easter Island and the entire Pacific Ocean, as well as other Polynesian languages, she finally concluded that the symbol "Lango Lango" is actually a kind ofPictorial textConclusion.
Irina wins by intuition and reasoning.She first found out what the symbol painting was, then she thought deeply to find out the meaning it represented, and then looked for the appropriate words.Her formula is: intuition+Polynesian knowledge+synonymAnd search for synonyms.Finally, the results are put into another plank to test.
The results were exactly the same, so she compiled a dictionary.With a dictionary, she can read any piece of wood.In fact, she has read more than 20 existing characters on Easter Island boards.Although the origin has not been found, Lango Lango is no longer a secret.St. Petersburg MuseumOne of the two treasured boards, Irina translated: "Take itSweet potatoTake the sweet potato stack, take the sweet potato leader, the sugar cane leader, cut the white sweet potato, the red sweet potato pieces, and the leader will accept... "
scientific research
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Tracing history
When General Rogwin led a group of people to the island in 1722,Discovery islandThere are many stone statues standing on the island. They stand against the sea and face the land.Each stone statue is different in shape and size.At that time, Rogwin was very surprised at what he saw.Then in 1770, the SpanishNavigatorGonzalez arrived on the island. In 1774, the British surveyor Cook arrived here again. They were very surprised at what they saw on the island.
In the late period, the folk houses of Resurrection Island lived in boat shaped houses or caves built with poles and thatches.This period was characterized by civil war, great destruction and cultural decadence.Mass produced mataaObsidianThe spearhead is the representative of handicrafts of this period, woodcut and smallNatural stoneMiniatures replaced the art of monuments.The wooden slips (called "rongo rongo") engraved with the symbols of the farming cattle style writing method (words are staggered from right to left, and then from left to right) were copied from the previous samples only for the purpose of ceremony;Their correct reading has been forgotten. Although there are many versions, modern people have tried to decipher them many times without success.During this period, art treasures were hidden in the family's secret cave, and the erected stone platform statues had been pulled down.The mud in the abandoned quarry fell to the chest of the unfinished eyeless bust standing at the foot of the volcano, unable to push them down, leaving these eyeless stone carving heads for future generations, making the island famous all over the world.
legend
It is said that after a period of peaceful coexistence between two peoples of different cultures and languages, they began sabotage activitiesFirewoodIn the pile, almost all the long eared families were eliminated.Carbon datingBoth the genealogical study and the genealogical study believe that the beginning of this event and the late period was around 1680.According to the carbon dating method, the artificial Boyk Canal is aboutWestern YuanBuilt in 380.
The first international scientific conference held in Fuxing Island in 1984Unanimously adoptedA resolution designated the island as the site of the former European culture.The recent excavation work shows that the earliest immigrants had the concept of architecture when they came to the island, and had mastered the specialMasonry structureSkills, thus confirming the traditional legend of the island: when the earliest ancestors came to the island, they were organized immigrants, not just fishermen who were accidentally blown in by the wind.In 1995, Resurrection Island wasthe United NationsUNESCO is listed asWorld Heritage Sitereserve.
These navigators soon spread what they saw and heard about Easter Island all over Europe and the world, so they attracted some experts and scholars to come to the island for investigation and research.Experts came to the island and observed the stone statue in detail.They found that the Easter Island was in a triangular shape, 24 kilometers long, 17.7 kilometers wide at the widest point, and 117 kilometers in areaSquare kilometers。On the islandExtinct volcanoQuite a few, there are three high volcanoes on the top of the three corners of the island, and the coastal cliffs are steep, which is extremely difficult to climb.There are about 440 stone statues on Easter Island, which does not include hundreds that have been carved on the mountain rocks but have not yet been peeled off.The height of the stone statue is generally 5-6 meters, 3-4 meters for the small one and 21.8 meters for the largest one.About 30 stone statues wore stone caps on their heads. The stone caps and stone statues were not integrated, but were carved and put on separately, and some stone caps were painted red.None of the stone statues has carved the foot of the lower body.The carved stone statues have different shapes, but they all have long ears, tall noses and thin lips.The stone statue is also carved with patterns. The carved stone statue stands on a platform 60 meters long and 3 meters high.There are 11.4 platforms, all of which are made of large stones.The materials used for carving stone statues are locallava。The weight of each stone statue is generally more than 10 tons, and the minimum estimate is more than 5 tons.Another phenomenon is that in addition to a part of the stone statues erected there, hundreds of statues are still on the rocks on the island. It seems that something unexpected happened, which made the ongoing work suddenly stop.Experts visited the islanders here.Polynesians on the island do not know the origin of these stone statues, and their ancestors did not tell their descendants who carved these stone statues.Because there are no words and no historical records.But they call the stone statue“Maoayi”, stone cap“Pukao ”The platform for placing stones is called "Ahu".
At that time, the population was estimated to be only 2000, apparently PolynesianspolynesiaEnglish dialect: When Captain Cook, a British navigator, visited the island in 1774TahitiansYou can talk to the islanders.However, although PolynesiansNavigation technologyWorld famous, even in the WestColonistLogavan could not help admiring, but he found that there were only three or four simple small rowboats in the whole Easter Island, which were only three meters long. At most, they could take two people. They were simply tied together with small boards. The leakage was very serious, and they needed to paddle while bailing out the water in the boat.Such a small boat can only drive on the shore, and it is impossible to go to the deep sea.
However, it is on this barren and backward land that a large number of huge stone statues called Moai by the local people have been born.887 Moai have been found, most of which were carved in a quarry, of which 288 were successfully transported to the seaside altar called ahu to stand on,Transportation distanceSome are as far as 10 kilometers.397 of them have not yet been carved and thrown into the quarry, and the remaining 92 were abandoned in transit.Most of them are soft and easy to carve tuff（ash(Formed by solidification) carved, a small part of which is carved with other volcanic rocks.The average height of Moai is about 4 meters and the average weight is about 12.5 tons.The largest building is 21.6 meters high and weighs 160-182 tons, but it was abandoned in the quarry before completion.The largest completed Moai is 9.8 meters high and weighs about 74 tons.No two moai are exactly the same, but most of them are carved according to the same style, and the bottom is onlyHip, arms hanging on both sides, hands and fingers stretched to protect the abdomen.Moai's head was also elongated and he always looked forward.Most moats have long ears, big nose, thin lips and deep eye sockets.Some eye sockets are inlaid with coral whites and dark stones.About 50-75 moai heads also have a stone cap made of red volcanic rock called pukao, which may also represent hair.
scenery
Obviously, Moai is the most eye-catching and puzzling scenery on Easter Island.Logarvan wrote: "These stone statues shocked us, because we could not understand how these people could erect these stone statues without big wood to make any machines and strong ropes." Logarvan's question was constantly raised, and some people constantly tried to give various answers.Especially those mysterious phenomena, visitors from outside“prehistoric civilization ”The propagandists of the Easter Island even use the Moira as evidence.For example, Daniken, an alien phenomenon researcher, claimed that these stone statues were made by aliens with ultra modern tools. They were trapped on Easter Island because of the crash of their spaceship. They erected these stone statues to ask for help from their peers. When the rescue spaceship came, they left the island in a hurry.
Many stone axes made of basalt can be found in the quarry on the island, which are called toki by local people. They are discarded because they are blunt.Moai is carved with these stone tools.In the 1950s, the famous Norwegian archaeologist Thor Heyerdahl employed six locals to carve a moai with this stone axe.They resigned after working for three days, but according to their progress, it is estimated that the six people can carve a moai in 12 to 15 months.If you want to carve the biggest moai, only 20 people will work for one year.Since the 1950s, archaeologists have also been organizing people and horses to carry, erect moai orReplicaThe American archaeologist Jo Anne Van Tilburg imagined that when the Gulapanui people moved, they put MoaiWooden sledPlace a row of wood on the top and bottom as wheels, and sprinkle water on the ground to reduce friction.She usescomputer simulationIt was found that with about 70 people using wood and rope as tools, it took 5 days to move and erect a replica of Moai that respected about 10 tons.In April and May 1998, people simulated the whole process on Easter Island, and it was photographed asTelefilm。Archaeologists have quite a dispute about how the Gulapanui people carried and set up the Moai, but this is not important. The important thing is that no matter what method the Gulapanui people used, according to the conditions at that time, it is completely possible to use dozens of people to carry and set up an ordinary size Moai, without mystery.The question is: Where did the wood and rope come from?How could the impoverished islanders have the time to carve and carry these huge stone statues?Why did you suddenly stop this activity?
Unfortunately, before contact with Europeans, the Rapanui people had no written language, so there was no historical record to clearly answer these questions.On Easter Island, there is a strange hieroglyph calledLange Lange(rongorongo), which means "talking wood", is carved on the board.But pressNew ZealandAccording to the linguist Steven Fischer, this was invented under the influence of the Spanish after their visit to the island in 1770.He successfully deciphered them in 1996, and found that they only recorded sacrificial songs and creation stories, not historical records.
But through archaeology, we can still roughly understand the historical changes on Easter Island.Language changes slowly over time. By comparing the differences between cognate languages, we can estimate the time of their separation.As I said before,RapanuiIt is a Polynesian dialect. By comparing with other Polynesian languages, linguists speculate that this dialect was born in about 400 AD.according toradioactivityIsotope methodThe determination ofhuman activity。In 1994, biologists extracted the remains of 12 Gulapanui peopleDNAAnd make sure they are indeed Polynesians.Customs and plants on the island（Banana, sweet potato, sugarcane, taro, castanopsis), and the animals (chickens) raised are also the characteristics of Polynesians (these animals and plants can be traced back to the origin of Polynesians in addition to the original origin of sweet potato in South AmericaSouth Asia）。Therefore, the archaeologists generally believe that the Rapanui are descendants of a group of Polynesians who drifted to Easter Island in about AD 400.
When these Polynesians first moved to Easter Island, it was really a small paradise.We passedpollenThe analysis can infer the ancient vegetation situation.Pond orMarshlandInprecipitateIt is deposited according to time. The more recent the upper age is, the more distant the lower age is.Of each layer of sedimentAbsolute ageIt can be measured by radioisotope method.Analyze the pollen contained in the sediment under the microscope, identify its species, calculate its quantity, and then we can know the distribution of plants at that time.According to this, Easter Island was not a wasteland in the early days, but a dense subtropical forest.In the forest, there is aAcanthopanaxThe plant hau hau, whose fibers can be used to make ropes.There is also a special tree called toromiro, whose wood is hard and can be used for burning and making wood carvings.And the largest number is a largePalmTrees, which have long been extinct on Easter IslandChilean wine palmThe trees are very similar, or they may be the same kind.This big palm treetrunkIt is straight, can grow to 25 meters high, and is 2 meters thick in diameter. It is a good material for transporting, erecting stone statues, and making large ships.Moreover, the fruit of this palm tree can be eaten, and the sap can produce syrup and wine, which is an important food source.
Island animals
What about animals?Archaeologists can comparerubbish dumpThe animal skeleton in the.Generally speaking, fish is the main food of Polynesians, and fish bones generally account for more than 90% of garbage.However, Easter Island is located in the subtropical zone. Compared with the tropical zone, the climate of Easter Island is too cold for the growth of coral reefs where fish gather. Its steep coastline is also not suitable for shallow sea fishing. Therefore, fish was not the main food of the Rapanui people at the beginning. From AD 900 to 1300, the content of fish bones in the garbage of the Rapanui people was less than a quarter.On the contrary, almost one third of all bones are dolphin bones.In the garbage of Polynesians elsewhere,dolphinThe content of bone in garbage never reached 1%.Unlike other Polynesian islands, there are no large animals on Easter Island, not even domestic pigs and dogs. Therefore, dolphins are the largest animals that Rapanui people can catch and become an important source of food protein.But dolphins only live in the deep sea.This means that Rapanui people were able to build large ships to catch dolphins in the deep sea.These ships were apparently made from the trunks of big palm trees.
Archaeologists also found that seabirds were also important food for the early Rapanui people.Before humans arrived, Easter Island didn'tbirdsIt has become the most suitable breeding place for seabirds.There were at least 25 species of seabirds nesting and breeding here, which may be the most prosperous breeding ground for birds in the entire Pacific Ocean.owl、parrotOther land birds were also food for the early Rapanui people. Archaeologists found bones of at least six land birds in the ancient garbage.At the same time, the Polynesian mice that migrated with the Rapanui are also the dishes of the Rapanui.In addition, there are some seal bones in the garbage, indicating that Easter Island may have had oneSeals。
In short, what the early Rapanui people found was a rich and fertile land.Their population grew rapidly, around 1680Population expansionAbout 8000 to 20000 people arrived.They develop and use resources without restraint.Between 1200 and 1500 AD, they built a large number of Moai.However, pollen analysis shows that as early as 800 AD, the destruction of forests has begun.Since then, the largePalmTrees and other trees have less and less pollen.Shortly after the 15th century, the big palm tree finally became extinct on the island.The propagation of big palm trees is very slow. Its seeds can germinate after six months to three years, and the growth after germination is also very slow.Even in the bestnatural conditionNext, the regeneration of a large palm forest also takes a long time.The fleeing rats have played a destructive role in the regeneration of the big palm trees. The fruits of dozens of big palm trees found in the caves on the island were eaten by the ratsPass byUnable to germinate.But there is no doubt that human beings should bear the greatest responsibility for the disappearance of forests: they are cut down to make ships and houses, used to transport Moai, used to fire for heating, or burned to use as farmland.Although Hawu Hawu trees are not extinct, they become so rare that they can no longer be used as ropes.As for the Toromolo tree, when Herdal visited Easter Island in 1956, there was only one dying tree on the island, bearing only a few pods.In 1962, the last Toro Milo tree also died.Fortunately, Haldar brought its seedsSwedenGive WaybotanistCultivation.Torromero survived in the garden and returned to Easter Island in 1988.
Biological disappearance
By the 15th century, the forests on Easter Island had disappeared, and most of the trees had disappeared.FaunaThe change is also shocking.All land birds and more than half of the sea bird species are extinct.Around 1500, dolphin bones suddenly disappeared from the garbage.The reason is simple: with the disappearance of the forest, people can no longer find wood to build boats, and can no longer go out to sea to catch dolphins.They can only fish in the shallow sea, which has caused serious damage to the ecology of the shallow sea, evenSeashellsThey were basically eaten up, but only some small conch.Rapanui people became farmers from fishermen: they began to pay attention to raising chickens, which became the main source of protein;They grow sweet potatoes, taros and sugar cane, but the yield is getting lower and lower. Because the loss of forests will inevitably lead to water and soil loss. Under the wind, rain and sun, the soil becomes more and more barren.People are generally hungry and eat anything they can find. This includes not only mice (Polynesian mice have also been extinct on the island, and the mice on the island are European), but also the largest animal on the island: people.In the later garbage dump, human bones become very common.The most vicious curse on the island is "your mother's meat sticks to my teeth".Although Polynesians in other places also have the reputation of cannibalism, this is due to religious or superstitious reasons and only happens on special occasions.The Rapanui cannibalism has a very practical purpose: to supplementprotein。
The production of food can no longer sustain so many people, and there is no surplus food supply for the workers who produce and transport Moai. A large number of semi-finished products of Moai have been abandoned.It is also difficult to have food for the chiefs and priests.It used to be quite complicatedsocial structureCollapsed, and the whole society was in the midst of war.The war reached its peak in the 17th and 18th centuries, when stone spearsstone knife, still abandoned on the ground.Around 1700, after famine and war, the population of the island was only about 2000.Around 1770, the Rapanui began to push down the enemy Moai and cut off its head.When Captain Cook visited the island in 1774, he found that many moai fell to the ground from the altar, so that he speculated that some disaster must have happened on the island.By 1864, when Western missionaries arrived on the island, they found that all Moai had been overthrown.
The largest on the islandtraditional festivalNothing is better than the annual Birdman Festival.Every spring, all islanders gather at the top of Aolongo Fire Mountain to elect their leader "Birdman" and worship their gods."Birdman" comes from a myth spread on the island: in ancient times, the creator Marco Marco taught the priests on the islandreligious ritesAnd sacrificial objects - sea bird eggs, and two reefs on the sea are designated as places to take bird eggs.
In this way, when the seagulls fly in August and September every year, the islanders will concentrate at the seaside of Orongo.Each tribe selects a contestant to go down the cliff and swim to the reef 2 kilometers away to look for bird eggs.The first player who got the bird's egg immediately swam back to the island and handed the egg to his own chief, who became the "bird man" of the year.Throughout the year, he was worshipped as a god by the islanders.It is often hard to get eggs because of swimmingsharkThe attack has stopped for more than 100 years.However, the sacred ceremony and colorful makeup performances still exist today, and "Birdman" is still the worship god of the islanders.In order to meet the needs of tourism, the activity time is changed to February every year, so that more tourists can witness this strange custom.
Anakay, the most attractive scenic spot
Anakay in the north of Easter Island is the most attractive scenic spot in the island. In addition to a row of powerful "Moay" stone statues, a golden beach is long and wide;The palm trees on the bank are green and lush.Climb to the highest point of the island, the top of Trewaka Mountain, 507 meters above sea level, and take a panoramic view of the large and small volcanoes on the island and the surrounding stone statues. The vast Pacific Ocean is integrated with the blue sky, which is refreshing.Not far down from the mountain is the famous "Seven Moueys" scenic spot.It is said that it is aGross profitThe seven sons of the wizard waited for the arrival of King Otu Matua."Dahai" is the best preserved "Moai" stone statue group in the island.In the evening, people walk here to watch the sunset. The glow is reflected in half the sky, and the huge stone statue is set off in the eternal silhouette.
The Easter Islanders are hospitable, friendly and polite, and offer them to every guestStringGarland。Young men and women are good at singing and dancingholiday and vacations, men wear a wreath around their necks, and women wear it on their headsFloral decoration, wear a feather skirt and dance a beautiful feather skirt dance.This dance is similar to the HawaiianhulaSimilarly, it is a "reserved program" of Chilean tourism activities.
Talking board
Wooden boards with strange patterns, known as "talking boards", were once found near the stone statues, but these boards later suffered a catastrophe brought by "civilized people".After explorers discovered Easter Island, European missionaries came to the island to spread the "will" of God.They ordered that all the boards be burned.Only one local resident grabbed 25 boards, nailed them into a fishing boat, and fled to the sea.Later, these 25 boards were preserved and collected by famous museums around the world.These surviving "talking boards" are 2 meters long, with square patterns carved on both sides with shark teeth or hard stones, such as fish, birds, plants and treesOarWait, there are someGeometry。
Portrait stone
The stone statues on Easter Island are generally 7-10 meters high and weigh 30-90 tons. Some stone statues weigh as much as 10 tons with a hat.The stone statues are carved from the whole dark red volcanic rock.All the stone statues have no legs, all of them areBustThe appearance is similar with little difference.Stonyfacial expressionVery rich, its eyes are specially used for shiningObsidianOr inlaid with shining shells, which is vivid beyond the ordinary.
The local economy is dominated by planting sweet potatoes, raising chickens and coastal fishing, but the island has turned to a cash economy based on tourism.stayHanga Roa Since the airport was set up nearby, the number of tourists has continued to increase since the 1960s. Some small hotels have also been built in rural areas. Many islanders and immigrants from the Chilean mainland also provide accommodation for tourists in their homes.Well organized Chilenational parkThe system provides guided tours and protects unique archaeological monuments.The reforestation plan has been successfully implemented, and there areeucalyptusPlantation, there is a smallcoconut treeForest.
Cryptic writing
Announce
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Resurrected civilization
Easter Island in the middle of the ocean is 118 square kilometerstriangleRocks.
Easter Island is the only Polynesian island where ancient characters have been found so far. The meaning of these characters is still a mystery.
Although limited to such a small region of the earth, and only used by a few local residents, these words are evidence of a highly developed civilization.Who are these people?When did they come to the island?From where?Did they bring their own civilization and their own words?What kind of emotion, thought and value were these profound and obscure symbols used to express?[5]
The whereabouts of the insider
Easter Island wasNetherlandsJacob Rogwin, the captain of the merchant ship, found that bad luck began.At that time, the population of the island was 4000. By 1863, it had decreased to 1800. By 1870, there were only 600 people. Five years later, there were only 200 people. By 1911, it was just a little more.The only resources on Easter Island are manpower and a few pieces of farmland.
In 1862, a pirate fleet trafficking slaves fromPeruSet out and come here to digBird droppingsWorkers.They took away more than 1000 islanders, including their king Kemokao, his son Morata and the old people who can read the slate called "rongo rongo".
The French consul in Lima eventually repatriated more than 100 trafficked islanders to the island.But by then they were all infectedsmallpoxAnd infected other islanders after returning.Perhaps the secret of Easter Island's writing is that it is accompanied by this disastrous infectious diseasevictimThey were buried together.[5]
Words on the wooden slips
The first time people started to study these writing relics was in 1864-1886, when they tried to classify these symbols or combine them with other unbroken characters, andancient IndiaCompare words.These attempts to decipher are divided into three stages, each of which is associated with a figure symbolizing the history of Easter Island and a specific wooden slip.
In 1866, the French merchant shipTampicoThere were about 1000 residents on Easter Island when it was moored offshore.The captain of the ship was Dietru Bornier, and the missionary god Kaspar Zanbo came with the ship.Two years later, Dietru Bornier settled down on the island, married the island's queen, Coreto Kuapulun - or more accurately, kidnapped the queen - andJohnBrand'sAngles Tahiti mixed race people form a group.
In 1868, Zambo decided to return to Valparaiso.As he was going to pass through Tahiti, the islanders asked him to bring a gift to Bishop Depanor Ruoshan to show their respect.This gift is a huge ball made of 100 meter long braids.When the gift was untied, a wooden slip with strange symbols was displayed in front of the bishop.
An elderly islander Ulupano Shinaport in the Missionary Society explained that it was "rongo rongo", a wooden slip recording the oldest tradition on the island.But since the death of the old man who said that these symbols were secret, no one can explain them.The Bishop wrote to Father Hippolyte Russell, the missionary still on the island, asking him to do his best to find these wooden slips and send them to him.Russel gave him six yuan, and said in the note that the symbols above probably didn't mean anything, and the islanders didn't know what they meant, and those who claimed to know their meaning were all liars.
But the bishop was convinced that this was an important discovery, and he finally made aPlantationA man who can understand these wooden slips was found in Metero Tao Orr.As soon as the bishop gave him one of the wooden slips with geometric, human and animal patterns, he began to sing religious hymns, apparently reading the symbols, from bottom to top, from left to right, turning over the wooden slips at the end of each line, and then reading the next line.This is a kind of“The writing method of cattle ploughing type to Xingshu”A variant of (literally, it changes direction as cattle plow), similar toancient GreekInscriptions are written in reverse from line to line.Unfortunately, no matter which wooden tube was read to him, the person sang the same thing.
Wandering crutches
In 1870, when Ignacio Garner, the captain of the Chilean "Waygins", arrived at Easter Island, Dietru Bornier gave him a stick engraved with symbols from the local leader. Experts believe that this is the best existing example of "rongo rongo".
Ghana gave this crutch, together with two inscribed wooden slipsNatural History MuseumRudolf Filippi, a scholar of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, explained that the Easter Islanders were so revered by these symbols, which were obviously sacred to them.
Philippi immediately sent the plaster model of the wooden slips to experts around the world.But none of the experts consulted could find the answers to these mysterious symbols.[5]
Unknown symbol
William Thomson is“Michigan”The purser of the American steamship No., which docked at Easter Island in 1885.American National MuseumHe published his book on the history of Easter Island, which was the most detailed account of the island at that time.
Before reaching Easter Island, the Michigan stopped at Tahiti.At that time, Thomson took pictures of the wooden slips collected by the bishop.Once he arrived at Easter Island, he looked around for islanders who could translate these symbols.He met an old man named Ur Weike. As soon as he saw the pictures of the wooden slips, the old man began to sing quickly.Like Metero Tau Orr, he doesn't seem to be "reading" these words, because no matter what he is shown, he sings the same thing.
Finally, the old man confessed that no one on the island could understand these symbols.According to Thomson's account, Ur Weike's "poetry translation" of these symbols is as follows:
"My daughter'scanoeNever been defeated by enemy tribes.My daughter's canoe has never been destroyed by Honeytib's tricks.She triumphed in all battles.Nothing can force my daughter to drink the poison in the obsidian cup.How can I masturbate when the powerful ocean separates us from each other?Oh, my daughter!my daughter!Endless waterways stretch to the horizon.My daughter, oh my daughter.I want to swim across the unfathomable sea to find you, my daughter, oh my daughter "
Easter Island[1]
Experts believe that some of these symbols on Easter Island may be words, or they may just be symbols, which help to pass on the oral tradition, especially the family genealogy records from generation to generation.Today, they are still poems dedicated to the silent God.
It is reported that the new phase of the giant stone statue exploration project on Easter Island in Chile has begun to carefully excavate two stone statues.
The head of the exploration project, American archaeologist Tilburg, said: "A large part of those stone statues are buried underground. At present, we have excavated two stone statues with a height of 7 meters. The exposed trunks will surprise tourists."
During excavation, archaeologists also found traces of holes left by piling on the ground, and traces of rope tightening on some stone statues, which can be seen from the traces left by upward traction.
The team also found more than 500 stone tools.These tools are used for carving in different parts, made of basalt or obsidian, and other tools are used for surface polishing and decoration.The archeologists said that this once again confirmed that these stone statues were indeed made by human beings.
In addition, the researchers also found that these giant stone statues are basically related to certain rituals.Tilberg said, "The most impressive thing is that we found a stone carved with a crescent pattern under a stone statue, which may represent a canoe. This is very helpful for us to find the exact source of the island residents."
The Mystery of the Giant Stone Statue
Stone statues on Easter Island are generally 7-10 meters high and weigh 30-90 tons.The stone statues are made of the whole dark redigneous rockIt is carved.All the stone statues face the sea with a dignified look, attracting tourists from all over the world.[6]
