Composite plate A plate composed of layers of different materials with different functions.For example, the concrete for roof, the foam insulation layer and the three in one board for surface waterproof layer.Sandwich panel is also a kind of composite panel[1]。
Chinese name
Composite plate
Foreign name
composite board
Category
Metal composite board, wood composite board, etc
Definition
Plates composed of layers of different functions and materials
It refers to covering one layer of metal plate with another metal plate to save resources and reduce costs without reducing the use effect (anti-corrosion performance, mechanical strength, etc.).Composite methods usually includeExplosive recombination methodExplosive rolling compound, rolling compound, etc.Composite materials can be divided into composite plates, composite tubes, composite rods, etc.It is mainly used in anti-corrosion, pressure vessel manufacturing, power construction, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, light industry, automobile and other industries.
The process of explosive compounding method is: place the prepared composite plate on the base plate, then lay a layer of explosives on the composite plate, and use the instantaneous ultra-high pressure and ultra-high speed impact energy generated during explosive explosion to achieve solid metallurgical bonding between metal layers.
The process advantages of explosive compounding method are: ① it can realize the compounding of metals with extremely different material properties; ②Can avoid brittlenessIntermetallic compoundGeneration of; ③Strong flexibility, which can realize the combination of various special-shaped parts; ④Composite materials have high bonding strength and are suitable for most plastic metals or alloys.At present, 340 kinds of metal or alloy combinations have been verified to be weldable. No matter whether the material is deformed or as cast, any plane and cylindrical surface of planned shape can be explosive welded in any heat treatment state. To some extent, explosive welding technology is the only welding method for surface connection of large areas of metal, even aluminum (660 ℃) and tantalum (2996 ℃) with very different melting points；Coefficient of thermal expansionTitanium and stainless steel with great difference;The steel (HB=4~6) and steel (HB=50) with very different hardness can be welded.
The disadvantages of the explosive composite process are low mechanization, poor working conditions and certain danger.
Application trend of metal composites
Metal compositeThe technology can give play to the respective advantages of component materials, realize the optimal allocation of component material resources, save precious metal materials, and achieve the performance requirements that can not be met by a single metal. It can not only replace imports and fill the domestic gap, but also has a wide range of applications, has good economic and social benefits, and is easy to obtain support and help in all aspects.For example, the development of stainless steel composite materials has always been a high-tech project actively supported and advocated by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Science and Technology.
The development potential of traditional metal composites has been improved due to the functionalization of properties, low cost and wide range of applications of heterogeneous metal composites.With the strengthening of the implementation of the national environmental protection industry policy, the application of rare metal composites in power flue gas desulfurization equipment has continued to grow, while the localization of investment in the chemical industry has greatly accelerated, which also provides a good development opportunity for the development of rare metal materials.
National industrial policyThe support of, high technical barriers, and the demand for industrial upgrading provide broad space for the development of the industry.Metal clad plateIt is a plate covered with another metal on one layer of metal, which has achieved the effect of saving resources and reducing costs without reducing the use effect (anti-corrosion performance, mechanical strength, etc.)[2]。
With the rapid development of the national economy and the emergence of various new technologies and industries, the demand for engineering materials with different properties is becoming more and more extensive.Single metal materials are either limited by natural resources or lack of comprehensive properties, so their application fields are greatly limited.In this case, the development, production and application of composite materials are increasingly showing their important position.
In recent years, due to the continuous emergence of new processes and technologies,Metal composite plateIts development and application have been greatly expanded, and the application field of materials has been continuously extended.
In 1956, the United States took the lead in proposing the three-step process of metal lamination, namely: surface treatment rolling lamination multi-layer metal lamination theory and technologyMetal clad plateProduction technology and new process annealing strengthening treatment, this technology makes the room temperature solid state composite of bimetals get rapid development.
The former Soviet UnionLaminated compositeThe research on aluminum, titanium, steel and other metal and alloy composites was started in the 1930s, mainly by rolling, casting, explosion and other methods, especially in cold rolling.
Britain, France, Germany and other developed countries also have a considerable level of research on composite materialsUniversity of Birmingham In the fifties and sixties of the 20th century, the solid phase composite was systematically studied and many achievements were made.
At present,Metal compositeIt has been widely used in these countries.The research on composite materials in Japan started late, but its development is very rapid. In recent years, Japan has become one of the countries engaged in the most metal composite research.Since the 1990s, many achievements have been made in the research on the composite of stainless steel and aluminum, and many patents have been applied, especially in the stepped heating composite and warm rolling composite.
The research on metal laminated composites in China began in the early 1960s. The main production methods include explosive composite method, explosive+rolling (cold rolling, hot rolling) composite method, ladle casting (solid-liquid bonding)+rolling composite method, etc., but there is a certain gap between China and foreign similar products in terms of shape and bonding quality.
Wood composite board
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Wood composite board is a kind of wood-based panel with wood chips or fiber materials as the core and veneers glued on both sides.Generally speaking, the composite board mainly refers to the structural wood-based panel with oriented strand board as the core and veneer as the surface[3]。
Wood composite board is a laminated structural board made by gluing two thin surface boards onto a thicker core layer.The surface plates are spaced, which not only ensures greater rigidity, but also does not need to increase the amount of materials.The core layer of composite board can be made of small wood blocks, particleboard, veneer honeycomb structure or other light wood[4]。
Color steel composite plate
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The thermal insulation composite maintenance panel is composed of the panel and bottom plate and the thermal insulation core material through adhesive (or foaming).
purpose
1. Industrial workshops and warehouses;2. Cold storage and box packaging;3. Light steel residence, original building mezzanine room;4. Movable plank house;5. Various purification rooms, air conditioning rooms, etc.
advantage
1. Light weight, about 10kg~14kg/m2, equivalent to 1/30 of brick wall;2. Thermal insulation, good suction and sealing performance;3. Convenient construction, flexible and fast installation, and construction period can be shortened by more than 40%;4. Bright color, beautiful appearance, no need for surface decoration;5. High strength, can be used as maintenance structure, load-bearing structure, bending resistance and compression resistance, and general houses can not use beams and columns.
(1) Color coated plate: the base plate is hot-dip galvanized orAluminized zinc plateThe galvanized base plate is also used, and the surface paint will not fall off after bending;Generally, color steel plates used as composite plates are coated twice and baked twice (two coated and one baked), while two coated and two baked twice (two coated and two baked) or there are quality problems such as serious loose edges, loose center in the middle, missed coating, large serrated edges, serious ellipses, uneven, etc. cannot be used to produce composite plates.
(2) Galvanized sheet: sometimes it is not easy to deal with the poor bonding effect, so it needs to be dealt with.
(3) Stainless steel plate: good corrosion resistance, high toughness, difficult to process;Sometimes the bonding effect is poor and needs to be treated.
(4) Aluminum foil: reinforced aluminum foil is a composite material with glass fiber reinforcement between aluminum foil and kraft paper. It has flame retardant, fireproof and other functional characteristics, and is beautiful and durable. It is an ideal supporting insulation layer for new generation insulation, heat insulation and sound insulation.
（5）PVC：PVC foam boardThe main raw materials ofpolyvinyl chloride（PVC）It is characterized by flat and beautiful surface, light weight, fire resistance, moisture resistance, sound insulation, corrosion resistance, easy cutting, good weather resistance, acid and alkali resistance and easy cleaning.
(6) Plywood: Because the length of each plywood is limited, the compact effect is not very good, and the crack phenomenon is difficult to solve.
Main core materials
Core materials (mainly EPS, rock woolGlass wool, flame retardant paper honeycomb board, polyurethane, etc.).
Performance introduction of various core materials:
(1) Foam board:Expandable polystyrene(EPS) particles as raw materials, shaped like fertilizer particles, are heated and pre foamed into large white pearl like particles, and then heated and pressed in the mold to form foam plastic plates with micro closed cell structure. Due to poor fire resistance, they are mostly used for temporary buildings.
(2) Polyurethane: It is a material with high energy saving performance and excellent fire and thermal insulation performance. The purpose of fire prevention is achieved by adding flame retardant, which will produce toxic gas when burning. The unit weight of polyurethane used for composite board is generally 30 kg to 40 kg.
(3) Rock wool board: It is made of basalt as the main raw material, and after high temperature melting, it is made of inorganic fiber by high-speed centrifugal equipment. At the same time, a certain proportion of adhesive is evenly added to bake the board. According to production needs, rock wool is cut into rock wool strips. Rock wool is non combustible and has good fire resistance.
（4）GlassSilk cotton: It is light, heat-resistant, elastic and incombustibleThermal insulation materialIt is widely used in chemical industry, medicine, factories, heavy industrial machinery and equipment, construction, vehicles and ships, aerospace, and is an ideal heat insulation, fire preventionSound absorbing material。
(5) Flame-retardant paperHoneycomb panel: National Class B1Fireproof materialIt has the advantages of good flame retardancy, good compressive strength, carbonization without combustion, no toxic substances, and waste can be completely recycledpolystyrene, polyurethane, rock wool and other core materials.
Rock wool composite board
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Rock wool board is based onbasaltAnd other natural ores as the main raw materials. Rock wool board is melted into fiber at high temperature, added with proper amount of binder, and solidified.Rock wool board products are suitable for thermal insulation and sound insulation of industrial equipment, buildings and ships.
Shell fabrication
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The plasma cutting method andMachining method。When plasma cutting is used, in order to avoid polluting the stainless steel cladding due to the scattered spraying of cutting arc, the cutting direction is from the cladding to the base layer;When plate shears are used for cutting, they should also be cut to the base layer by layers to avoid interface separation and notch burrs on the surface of the layers.
Stainless steel composite plateWhen the cylinder is made, the requirements for the control of misalignment are much stricter than those of ordinary carbon steel or low alloy steel. Controlling the misalignment of stainless steel composite plate not to exceed the standard is a key to ensure its strength and corrosion resistance.To this end, the following measures are taken:
(1) The expansion length shall be calculated in strict accordance with the "accurate solution of the cylinder blanking expansion size", and the actual blanking size shall be accurate.
(2) Ensure the quality of barrel joint rolling and control the roundness.
(3) For composite plates with wall thickness greater than 20mm, press head pre bending shall be carried out and then rounding shall be carried out.
(4) The dimensions of groove form shall be marked on the basis of multiple layers to ensure that the misalignment does not exceed the standard.
(5) Circular seam assembly adopts "circular radial rounding tooling" to ensure cylinder roundness and assembly quality.
(6) For the assembly of head and cylinder, first ensure their roundness, and then match the cylinder perimeter with the head perimeter to ensure the assembly quality of head and cylinder.
(7) The alignment shall be based on the multiple layers to prevent the overlap of multiple layers from exceeding the standard.
