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Composite crusher

This entry is made by Compilation and application of scientific encyclopedia entries of "Science Popularization China" to examine.

Compound crusher is also called Compound breakage or Vertical crusher It has an efficient crushing capacity for hard materials such as shale, glass, ceramics, bluestone and metal ores, especially in the application of machine-made sandstone and metal ores.

Chinese name: Composite crusher
Foreign name: Complex Vertical Impact Crusher

Abbreviation: Compound breakage
Characteristics: Common equipment for machine-made sand

catalog

brief introduction

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purpose

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Widely used in various ores, cement, refractory materials Bauxite clinker , carborundum, glass raw materials and other high hard and extra hard materials in the field of medium and fine crushing. It is widely used in the crushing of machine-made construction sand, stone and various metallurgical slag, and has high output efficiency compared with other types of crushers. composite Crusher (Compound crushing) The crushing ratio is large, and the maximum crushing ratio can reach the discharging granularity, which can be adjusted arbitrarily, and is not affected by the abrasion of plate hammer and liner plate; Without screen bar, it is not easy to block when crushing materials with high moisture content and large mud content; The elastic adjustment mechanism is adopted to automatically discharge the unbreakable objects without causing equipment damage; The bearings are horizontally arranged, with long service life, and can crush materials with high temperature (such as cement clinker); The rotor body of this machine has a unique structure. When crushing materials, the rotor body is almost not worn; The rear chamber is equipped with a screw rod or a hydraulic opening mechanism, which can easily replace wearing parts without lifting the main equipment^[1] 。

Applicable materials

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It is mainly used for medium and small crushed cement raw meal, clinker, construction sand Iron ore , sandstone, gypsum gangue , lump coal and other medium hard ores.

Development history

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Compound crusher has a history of more than 100 years. As early as 1860 to 1878, several patents proposed the principle design of the compound crusher, but the design of mechanical parts at that time failed to reach the level required for use. More than ten years later, in 1880, a composite crusher with modern characteristics was designed by Pbiletus W and Gates. In the same year, Gates Iron Factory in the United States officially manufactured it. The next year, it obtained patent rights. At that time, it was called Gates Compound crusher 。 The crusher is a rotary shaft type side discharge.

Due to the availability of Gates composite crusher Jaw crusher Many years later, in order to compare the performance of jaw crusher and composite crusher, in 1883, under the same conditions of both ore feed and discharge outlets, 9 cubic meters of the same material were processed at the same time Compound crusher And jaw crusher in 20.5 and 64.5 minutes respectively. Since then, people have realized that the compound crusher has a higher production capacity than the jaw crusher, so it has been widely used.

Before the early 20th century, Gyratory crusher Has always played a leading role. Because the production of the mine was in the stage of manual loading at that time, the original ore fragmentation was generally only 2&frac12- Even large mines can't use large rotary crushers. For example, Hometake Mine adopted at least 22 small composite crushers at the beginning of the 20th century, and 2500 crushers were used for feeding.

Later, due to the application of power shovel in open pit mines, Compound crusher Progress has been made in large-scale specifications and diversified types. For example, in 1916, the maximum size of the composite breaker reached 48 inches^[1] 。

Advantages

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The compound crusher has large crushing ratio, wide crushing water content, and is ideal for processing materials with high water content. The discharge particle size can be adjusted at will, without screen bar, materials with large sediment content will not be blocked, and non breakable materials can be discharged automatically when entering the machine body, without causing damage to the equipment. The compound crusher has high production efficiency, unique structure, stable operation, low noise and convenient maintenance. The damaged parts can be easily replaced by opening the working bin door.

structure

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The whole compound crusher is composed of transmission device, main shaft, cylinder, upper cover and base, Motor The trapezoidal triangle belt drives the main shaft to rotate. The main shaft is equipped with a hammer. Materials enter the machine from the upper feeding port and fall by gravity. Materials are continuously crushed by a series of impacts of high-speed rotating hammers, and then discharged from the lower discharging port.

working principle

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The material is added from the upper mouth and falls into the crushing chamber. It is hit by the high-speed rotating plate hammer, and quickly thrown to the impact plate. After the impact, it is bounced onto the hammer plate and hit again. Such high-frequency blows and counterattacks make materials gradually broken from large to small, and smaller materials fall into the lower crushing chamber, hit by high-speed rotating intensive hammers, and repeat the upper crushing process. Due to the small cavity, shear stress is applied to some materials between the hammer head and the tooth edge of the reaction plate to mill and accelerate the fine crushing of materials. At the same time, the hammer head and animal materials flow, and have a great grinding effect on each other, so that the materials can be further finely crushed until they are broken to the required particle size^[1] 。

Working characteristics

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Inside the compound crusher

(1) The structure is simple and reasonable, and the operation cost is low. It uses the principle of stone hitting to reduce wear. (2) High crushing rate and energy saving.

(3) It has fine crushing and coarse grinding functions.

(4) It is less affected by the moisture content of materials, and the moisture content can reach about 8%.

(5) The working noise is lower than 75 dB (db level), and the dust pollution is less.

(6) Suitable for crushing medium hard and extra hard materials.

(7) The product is a cube with high stacking density and minimal iron pollution.

(8) Impeller self lining is less worn and easy to maintain.

Safe Operation Procedures

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1. Before starting the machine, check whether the bin door of the compound crusher body is closed tightly. When opening the bin door, make the machine stop stably to prevent danger.

2. The crusher must be started with no load, and can be unloaded for production only after normal operation.

3. The feed particle size shall comply with the specified requirements, which may cause equipment damage.

4. If any abnormality is found in the crushing process, the inspection shall be stopped immediately, and the production shall be started after the fault is eliminated.

5. Lubricants are regularly added to the rotating bearing parts. Since 2009, with the gradual implementation of the national policy of supporting and benefiting agriculture, and the powerful pull of the 10 billion yuan subsidy funds already in place, China's agricultural machinery market has been warming rapidly, and agricultural machinery enterprises have shown a good trend of booming production and sales. In 2009, China's agricultural machinery industry completed a total industrial output value of 226.456 billion yuan, an increase of 21.41% over the same period of the previous year; The industrial sales value totaled 222.02 billion yuan, an increase of 23.99% over the same period of the previous year.

China mainly uses small and medium-sized power machinery, including tractors, diesel engines, plows, sowing and harvesting machinery and other farm machinery for field work. These products can basically meet the market demand in China at this stage, and their technology is relatively mature. However, compared with modern agricultural equipment, their technology content and technology are no longer advanced. These products are also the mainstream of repeated production of many enterprises in China at this stage. These low level, low added value, low technology content of repeated investment, bring price competition, brand mix, and this is not a long-term solution for enterprise development.

After reform, the agricultural machinery industry has formed a pattern of "tripartite confrontation" dominated by large state-owned holding enterprise groups, dominated by private enterprises, supplemented by foreign-funded enterprises. The three complement and compete with each other, making China's agricultural machinery industry more complete and open.

When making credit decisions for the agricultural machinery industry, banks and relevant financial institutions must systematically assess the risks in the industry. This research report uses a large number of professional analysis tools, combined with relevant theoretical models, and comprehensively uses quantitative and qualitative analysis methods to make an in-depth analysis of the operation status and development trend of the agricultural machinery industry, and comprehensively analyzes the key indicators of the industry, such as solvency, profitability, operating capacity and growth capacity, It also made an objective and rigorous assessment of the possible policy risks, market risks, technical risks and other credit risks in the agricultural machinery industry. This report can provide banks with extremely valuable reference opinions when evaluating project loans in the agricultural machinery industry, and is of great significance for banks to reduce possible credit risks and improve the security and robustness of loans^[1] 。

Repair and maintenance

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reason

1. The reliability and sensitivity of the pneumatic automatic switch. The start and stop of the compound crusher are usually controlled by the pneumatic automatic switch（ Air pressure relay ）Direct drive AC contactor Automatic control of motor. Most pneumatic automatic switches adopt mechanical structure, and use springs to compress and release energy to operate contacts. It may be the congenital deficiency of the automatic air pressure switch or the influence of different reasons such as improper adjustment and machine vibration.

2. The mechanical operation and electrical control of the compound crusher are relatively simple (especially the small power type). Generally, the single machine group works independently, and there is no professional operation. The failure is not handled in time. Relatively speaking, the repeated expansion rate of the failure increases.

Solutions

First, the model of rotor bearing should be selected correctly. Double row centripetal spherical roller bearing has the advantages of strong bearing capacity and good self-aligning performance, so this kind of bearing is often used as the rotor bearing. In addition, the calculated life of the selected bearing should be 5000-10000h.

Second, the stress condition of the bearing of the compound crusher should be improved. The impact load acting on the bearing depends on the impulse acting on the rotor and the support flexibility of the bearing seat. Increasing the support flexibility of the bearing pedestal will reduce the impact load on the bearing. To this end, we can add a rubber plate of appropriate thickness between the bearing pedestal and the support frame to improve the support flexibility of the bearing pedestal. The rubber plate is added to increase the support flexibility, thereby absorbing part of the vibration energy, improving the bearing force condition, and achieving the purpose of extending the service life.

Safety precautions

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1. In case of emergency failure of equipment during operation, it can be stopped first. Do not drive by force until the fault is eliminated.

2. In case of failure of electrical equipment, electrical personnel shall be exempted from liability.

3. When it is necessary to enter the machine for internal inspection, you must first pull off the power switch and hang the sign board with maintenance personnel. Before inspection, the materials on the upper part of the machine shall be cleaned to prevent falling and hurting people. After inspection and before commissioning, the upper cover must be covered and the bolts must be tightened.

4. All safety devices must be complete and firm. The crusher cannot be started when the communication signal and communication equipment fail^[1] 。

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