bios

computer software

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synonym Basic input/output system (Basic input/output system) generally refers to bios

This entry is made by Compilation and application of scientific encyclopedia entries of "Science Popularization China" to examine.

BIOS is "Basic Input Output System" in English Abbreviations The Chinese name is "Basic Input and Output System". stay IBM On PC compatible systems, it is an industry standard firmware interface.^[1] The word BIOS was first used by CP/M Appears in the operating system.^[2] BIOS is personal computer The first software loaded at startup.

In fact, it is a group of fixed into the computer a main board the previous ROM The program on the chip, which stores the most important basic input and output program of the computer, the post startup self-test program and the system self startup program, can be accessed from the CMOS in Read-write system Specific information of settings. Its main function is to provide the lowest and most direct hardware setting and control for the computer. In addition, BIOS also provides some system parameter 。 System hardware changes are hidden by BIOS, and programs use BIOS functions instead of direct control Hardware. Modern operating systems ignore the abstraction layer provided by BIOS and directly control hardware components.

Today, this system has become the target of some virus trojans. Once the system is destroyed, the consequences are unimaginable.

Software name: Basic Input Output System
Software language: Chinese or English
Developers: AMI 、 AWARD、insyde、PHOENIX、 BYOSOFT

Software size: 128KB-8MB
Interpretation: Basic input/output system“
Properties: Firmware interface
Abbreviation: bios

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interpretation

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bios

The word BIOS has two meanings:

I English words The abbreviation of the plural form of Biography (Biography Biographics Bios), generally read as/'baious/.

2、 In the computer field, BIOS is the "Basic Input Output System" abbreviation , translated as "basic input/output system",^[1] The same pronunciation as the former. When the computer is running, it will first enter the BIOS, which plays a very important role in the computer system. The performance of a motherboard depends largely on the BIOS on the motherboard management function Whether it is advanced.

BIOS is an important parameter (term) in the computer field.

cmos

history

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The term BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) was originally coined by Gary Kildall^[3] Invention, first appeared in 1975 CP/M Operating system.^[2]^[4-6] Describe the hardware directly loaded by the interface when a specific part of the CP/M machine is started.^[6] (for one CP/M machine ROM There is usually only one simple boot loader in).

Multiple versions MS-DOS ， PC-DOS or DR-DOS Contains a“ IO.SYS ”, "IBMBIO. COM", "IBMBIO. SYS" or "DRBIOS. SYS"; This file is called“ DOS BIOS "(also called" DOS I/O system "), which contains the lower level hardware specified parts of the operating system. It is unique to the underlying hardware, but independent of the operating system, and is solidified in the ROM "system BIOS". Together, it represents“ CP/M BIOS”。

By introducing the PS/2 machine, IBM The system BIOS is divided into real mode and Protection mode part. The real mode part is to provide

Some operating systems, such as DOS Backward of compatibility , so it is named "CBIOS" (for compatibility BIOS),

"ABIOS" (advanced BIOS) provides Multitasking The new operating system of OS/2 Interface.

Intel Since 2000, the company has invented the Extensible Firmware Interface to standardize the development of BIOS. And support EFI The standard BIOS is also called EFI BIOS. Later, in order to promote EFI, many famous companies in the industry jointly established Uni President Extensible firmware interface Forum（ UEFI Forum）， Intel Corporation contributes EFI 1.1 specification to the industry to develop new international standard UEFI specifications. The latest version of the UEFI specification is 2.3.1. Intel once predicted that in 2010, more than 60% of the world's personal computer Use BIOS products that support UEFI specifications.

Main chip

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BIOS chip on the motherboard

The BIOS setup program is stored in the BIOS chip, BIOS chip It is a rectangular or square The chip can be set only when it is turned on. (Generally, press F2 or Delete to enter BIOS for setting when the computer starts, and press F1, Esc, F12, etc. for some special models). The BIOS setup program is mainly used to manage and set the basic I/O system of the computer, so that the system can run in the best state. The BIOS setup program can also be used to exclude system failure perhaps diagnostic system Question. Some people think that since BIOS is a "program", it should belong to software. It feels like Word or Excel 。 But many people don't think so, because it is different from general software, and it is also closely related to hardware. Visually, BIOS should be connected software program A "bridge" with hardware equipment, responsible for solving immediate hardware requirements. The BIOS chip on the motherboard may be the only chip with a label on the motherboard. Generally, it is a 32 pin dual in-line plug Integrated circuit , "BIOS" is printed on it.

ROM

On microcomputer（ Microcomputer At the early stage of the development of Microcomputer System, BIOS was stored in ROM （Read Only Memory， read-only memory ）Medium. The data inside the ROM is burned in the manufacturing process of the ROM in the factory with a special method. The content can only be read but not changed. Once the data is burned in, the user can only verify whether the written data is correct and can not make any changes. If any errors are found in the data, they must be discarded.

EPROM

EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM, which can Erase Programmable ROM) chip can be erased and written repeatedly, which solves the disadvantage that ROM chip can only be written once. EPROM chip has an obvious feature: Ceramic packaging There is a glass window, through which you can see the Integrated circuit ， ultraviolet rays The data in the internal chip can be erased by illuminating the internal chip through the hole, and the EPROM eraser is used to complete the chip erasing operation. The data in EPROM shall be written with a dedicated The programmer And a certain programming voltage must be applied when writing content to the chip (VPP=12-24V, depending on different chip models). The EPROM model starts with 27. For example, 27C020 (8 * 256K) is an EPROM chip with 2M bits capacity. After the EPROM chip writes data, it should also seal the window with opaque stickers or adhesive tapes to avoid being exposed to the surrounding Ultraviolet radiation And damage the data.

EEPROM

Due to the inconvenience of EPROM operation, most BIOS ROM chips on mainboards after 586 use EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM.^[7] Through jumper switch and system Driver Disk, EEPROM can be rewritten to facilitate BIOS upgrade.

The BIOS chip mainly stores:

● Self diagnostic procedure : By reading CMOS In RAM Content identification hardware configuration And perform self inspection and initialization;

● CMOS setup program: During boot, use special Hotkeys Start, set and store in CMOS RAM;

● System bootstrap loader: After the self-test is successful, set the disk to 0 channel a sector On Bootstrap Load the memory and let it run to load the DOS system;

● Main I/O device Of Driver And interrupt service: Since BIOS directly deals with system hardware resources, it is always targeted at certain types of hardware system , and various hardware systems are different, so there are different kinds of BIOS. With the development of hardware technology, different versions of the same BIOS have emerged. The new version of BIOS is more powerful than the old version.

NORFlash

Since the Pentium era, modern computer motherboards have used NORFlash as the BIOS Memory chip 。 In addition to its larger capacity than EEPROM, NORFlash has a write function^[1] Run the computer to update BIOS through software without additional hardware support (usually EEPROM erasure requires different voltages and conditions), and the writing speed is fast.

Entry mode

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Different BIOS has different access methods, usually in Startup screen Prompt.

PC

Award BIOS: Press "Del" key

AMI BIOS : Press "Del" or“ ESC ”Key

Phoenix BIOS : Press "F2" key

acer : Press "Del" key

Other machines

ibm （ Cold start Press f1, some new models can be started when restarting Press f1)

hp (Press f2 when starting and restarting)

sony (Press f2 when starting and restarting)

dell (Press f2 when starting and restarting)

acer (Press f2 when starting and restarting)

toshiba (Press during cold start esc Then press f1)

hp compaq (Flashes at the top right corner when the machine is turned on cursor Press f10 when starting up, or press f10 when starting up)

fujitsu (Press f2 when starting and restarting)

Most domestic brands (Press f2 when starting and restarting)

Main procedures

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interrupt routine

Interrupt in BIOS routine That is, BIOS interrupt service program. It is micro-computer system One between software and hardware Programming interface , which is used to connect the functions of program software and the realization of microcomputer hardware. DOS/Windows operating system's management of floppy disk, hard disk, CD-ROM drive, keyboard, display and other peripheral devices is based on the system BIOS. Programmers can also INT 5. The access of INT 13 and other interrupts directly calls the BIOS interrupt routine.

System settings

The configuration of microcomputer components is placed in a read-write CMOS RAM chip. When the laptop is not connected to mains power or has no battery, the CMOS passes through a Backup battery Power the CMOS to keep the information in it. If the configuration information about the microcomputer in CMOS is incorrect, it will lead to failure to start the machine, inaccurate time, and failure to identify parts, which will lead to a series of software and hardware failures. A program called“ System Setup ”, which is used to set parameters in BIOS and save these settings in COMS. This program can be accessed by pressing one or a group of keys when starting up. It provides a good interface for users to use.

Power on self-test

After the microcomputer is powered on, the system will have a process of checking the internal devices, which is usually called POST (Power On Self Test), Power on self-test ）To complete. This is also a function of BIOS. complete POST self inspection Will include CPU, 640K Basic memory , 1M and above Extended memory 、 ROM , motherboard, CMOS memory , serial and parallel port, display card, soft and hard disk subsystem and keyboard test. If any problem is found during self inspection, the system will give a prompt message or sound a horn warning.

Self test procedure

After POST self-test, ROM BIOS will search for software according to the startup sequence in the system CMOS settings Hard drive and CDROM 、 Network server Effective startup Driver , read the operating system boot record, and then give the system control to the boot record, which completes the system startup.

Main differences

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BIOS is the basic hardware input and output program stored in the ROM chip, and CMOS is used to store BIOS settings and system time RAM Generally integrated in South Bridge Medium.

major function

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In terms of function, BIOS is divided into three parts:

Self inspection and initialization

This part is responsible for starting the computer. There are three parts:

bios

Part I It is used to detect the hardware when the computer is powered on, also called Power on self-test (Power On Self Test, referred to as POST), which is used to check whether the computer is in good condition, usually complete POST self inspection Will include CPU ，640K Basic memory , above 1M Extended memory ， ROM , motherboard, CMOS storage , serial parallel port, Display card The software and hard disk subsystem and keyboard are tested. Once problems are found during self inspection, the system will give a prompt message or sound a horn warning. If any error is found during self inspection, it will be handled according to two conditions: Serious fault （ Fatal failure ）Then stop the machine. At this time, because various initialization operations have not been completed, no prompt or signal can be given; Prompt or sound for non critical faults Alarm signal , waiting for the user to process.

Part II Is initialization, including creation Interrupt vector , Settings register , some peripheral Initialization and detection, among which BIOS setting is an important part. It mainly refers to some parameters set for hardware. When the computer starts, it will read these parameters and compare them with the actual hardware settings. If they do not match, the system startup will be affected.

Part III yes Bootstrap , the function is to guide DOS Or other operating systems. BIOS first floppy disk Or start of hard disk a sector Read the boot record. If it is not found, it will show that there is no boot device on the display. If it is found, it will control power It is transferred to the boot record, which loads the operating system into the computer. After the computer starts successfully, this part of the BIOS task is completed.

Program service processing

The program service handler is mainly used to application program And operating system services, which are mainly related to Input/output device For example, reading disks, outputting files to printers, etc. In order to complete these operations, the BIOS must directly communicate with the computer's I/O device It sends commands through the port to peripheral Transferring data and from them receive data To enable the program to be separated from specific hardware operations.

Hardware Interrupt processing

bios (16 sheets)

Hardware interrupt processing is handled separately PC The service function of BIOS is to call Interrupt service program These services are divided into many groups, each of which has a special interrupt. For example, video services, interrupt number 10H; Screen printing, the interrupt number is 05H; Disk and Serial port Service, 14H interruption, etc. Each group is subdivided into different Service number 。 What applications need to use peripheral . The operation can only be described with corresponding instructions in the program, without direct control 。

（2） (III) Although the two functions are independent, they are closely related in use. These two parts are software and hardware services, which together make computer system Normal operation.

Note: Improper BIOS settings will directly damage the computer's hardware, or even burn the motherboard. It is recommended that unfamiliar people carefully modify the settings. Users can change various settings by setting the BIOS, such as the memory size of the onboard graphics card. All operating systems on the user's hand are transferred from BIOS to boot sector , and then switch from the boot sector to each partition to activate the corresponding operating system.

Other functions

DISK BOOT FAILURE, INSERT SYSTEM DISK AND PRESS ENTER

Setting method for booting from hard disk:

Press the "Del" key when starting up to enter BIOS settings, (/* It may also be by pressing F1, Esc or F12 , specific operation depends on different computer brands */)

Use up and down Cursor keys Move to the second item

“Advanced BIOS Features ”

Press enter , press up and down cursor keys to move to

"First Boot drivers"，

At this time

Press the "Page UP" key and "Page DOWN"

Select attribute as

"HDD" or "DISK HARD"

Press F10 to save and restart.

(The hard disk boot in different BIOS attributes is different.)

classification

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Popular in the market a main board BIOS mainly includes Award BIOS AMI BIOS 、 Phoenix BIOS Three types, in addition to Insyde BIOS.

Award

Award BIOS It is a BIOS product developed by Award Software Company and is most widely used in mainboards. Award BIOS has complete functions and supports many New Hardware , most on the market mother board This kind of BIOS is used.

AMI

AMI BIOS It is the BIOS system software produced by AMI Corporation (full name: American Megatrends Incorporated). It was developed in the mid-1980s. Most of the early 286 and 386 use AMI BIOS. It has good adaptability to various software and hardware, and can ensure that system performance After the 1990s, green and energy-saving computers began to be popularized, but AMI failed to launch a new version in time to adapt to the market, making Award BIOS occupy most of the country. Of course, AMI also has a very good performance, and the new version is still powerful.

Phoenix

Phoenix BIOS

Phoenix BIOS It is the product of Phoenix, which means phoenix or Egyptian mythology In Longevity bird , which means perfect things. Phoenix BIOS is mostly used for high-end 586 original Brand machine and Notebook computer Its picture is simple and easy to operate.

Insyde

Insyde bios is a product of a software manufacturer. It is a new type of BIOS Intel Notebook computers with chips adopt, such as Shenzhou , Lenovo.

BYOSOFT

ByoCore is a bios product produced by ByoSoft, which is widely used in PC, server, communication Internet of Things , industrial control, consumption and other fields.

set up

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Standard CMOS

BIOS factory default settings

（Standard CMOS Setup)

from Main Menu Select "STANDARD CMOS SETUP" to enter the "Standard CMOS Settings" menu.

Date/Time: for setting the date and time, we can use the cursor together with "Page Up" and "Page Down" to set the current date and time in turn.

Floppy Drive A, B: setting floppy disk driver The type is None/720K/1.2M/1.44M/2.88M.

HDD Type（ Hard disk type ）: Auto SCSI (SCSI HDD）、CD－ROM Driver 、 Floptical (LS － 120 large capacity floppy disk drive ）Or Type 1~47, etc IDE device 。

LBA/Large: Whether the LBA/Large mode of the hard disk is on. This option should be turned on (On) for hard disks above 540M, but in Novell Netware version 3.xx or 4.xx, etc Network operating system Turn it off as appropriate.

Block Mode: Set this option to On to help hard disk Access speed Speed up, but some old hard disks do not support this mode. You must set this option to Off.

32 Bit Mode: Set this option to On, which helps to speed up the hard disk under 32-bit operating systems (such as WIN95/NT) transmission speed , some old hard disks do not support this mode, you must set this option to Off.

PIO Mode: supports PIO Mode0 ～ Mode5 (DMA/33). When the BIOS program is used to automatically check the hard disk, the PIO Mode of the hard disk will be automatically set.

Note: When you connect a IDE When the device (such as hard disk, optical drive, etc.) is installed, it is better to enter the BIOS and let it automatically detect. If you use a drawer hard disk, you can set the Type to Auto, or change the Type of both the primary and secondary to Auto. The so-called primary refers to the first IDE interface , which corresponds to the IDE0 socket on the motherboard, and the Secondary refers to the second IDE interface, which corresponds to the IDE1 socket on the motherboard. Each IDE interface can be connected to master/slave two IDE devices.

Advanced settings

BIOS boot entry settings

（Advanced Setup）

1st/2nd/3rd/4th Boot Device: boot Start device You can select IDE0 ～ 3, SCSI, optical drive, floppy drive, Floptical (LS － 120 large capacity floppy drive) or Network to boot.

S.M.A.R.T For HardDisk: Enable hard disk S M. A.R.T function. If supported by the hard disk, this feature can provide the hard disk Self monitoring Function of.

Quick Boot: After this function is enabled, the boot speed can be accelerated.

Floppy Drive Swap: If this function is enabled, drive A and drive B can be interchanged.

PS/2 Mouse Support: Whether to open the PS/2 mouse port. If it is set to Enable, when starting up IRQ 12 is reserved for the PS/2 mouse. If it is set to Disable, IRQ12 is reserved for the system.

Password Check: set when to check the Password. If it is set to Setup, the password will be required each time when entering BIOS settings. If it is set to Always, the password will be required when entering BIOS or when the system is powered on, but precondition Yes, the password must be set first (User option in Security window).

Primary Display: set the type of display card.

Internal Cache: Whether to enable the internal CPU Cache （ L1 Cache ）, should be set to Enable.

External Cache: Whether to enable L2 Cache on the motherboard should be set to Enable.

System BIOS Cacheable: Whether to copy the system BIOS program to memory to speed up BIOS Access speed 。

C000 － DC00, 16K Shadow: these 8 items are Main memory UpperMemory of（ Upper memory Zone), and connect all cards ROM The program is mapped to memory to speed up the execution efficiency of CPU to BIOS. Disable: Do not enable this function; Enable: enabled, and can provide read/write section function; Cached: Enabled, but does not provide read-write functions.

Property Settings

（BIOS FEATURES SETUP)

Select "BIOS FEATURES SETUP" from the main menu to enter the "BIOS Attribute Settings" menu. The first item in this setting, "Virus Warning/Virus Protection", is not used when installing an operating system such as DOS6? Xx and Windows9x/200 0/NT must be set to "Disabled" during the process, and the rest of the time should be set to "Enabled".

Items 2, 3, 4 and 5 refer to CPU. The CPU Internal Cache/CPU Internal Cache and External Cache/External Cache are used to manage the CPU L1 Cache and L2 Cache. If using celeron (except for 2.66Ghz and 300Mhz) PentiumⅡ and PentiumⅢ All can be set to Enabled. Item 4 "CPU L2 Cache ECC Checking/ CPU L2 Cache ECC calibration ”Generally, it is set to Enabled, but it can be set to Disabled when using Pentium Ⅱ 233 and Pentium Ⅲ 266. Because L2 Cache of these two CPUs does not have ECC verification function, setting it to Enabled will reduce the system Starting speed 。 The fifth item, "Processor number feature/processor serial number function", is used to control the already noisy Pentium III number (ID), which is required to be set as "Disabled" by relevant Chinese authorities. But the author once tried, as if Intel exported to China“ copper mine ” PentiumⅢ ID has been turned off in the CPU. This setting has no effect.

Others are about the settings when the system starts. Among them, "Quick power on self test" can be set to "Enabled", so that the system will only check the memory once when it starts, while "Disabled" will check the memory three times when it starts, which is naturally slower; As for "CPU Upgrade Log/CPU Update Data", it is set to "Enabled" according to the BIOS recommended value, and the "Priority Network Start/Boot From LAN First" item is used for "Network Card" and other startup priority settings. Except for networking use, it is generally set to "Disabled"; “ system boot Order/Boot Sequence "is often mentioned from C disk or A disk There are many startup settings, such as optical drive, "D:" and other priority startup settings, which are relatively simple. Note that booting from disk "D" refers to the physical disk (the second hard disk used) rather than the logical disk "D".

"Floppy drive letter exchange/Swap Floppy Drive" is used to exchange the "A:" and "B:" drive letters of two floppy drives, that is, if there are two floppy drives, you can change the actual "A:" to "B:" drive through this setting; "Boot Display Card/VGA Boot From" is used to set the computer to PCI still AGP graphics card As the main card at startup (i.e. display), this setting depends on the type of graphics card bus used by the user. In addition, this is also useful for rewriting BIOS for graphics cards with BIOS failure, such as AGP PCI graphics card can be inserted when BIOS is reinstalled Boot system Operate.

The meaning of "Check floppy drive at boot time/Boot Up Floppy Seek" is clear. Users can set it to "Enabled" or "Disabled" according to their own needs, but when it is set to "Enabled", the floppy drive "squeaks" when starting is annoying.

"Sub keyboard status at startup/Boot Up NumLock Standing" determines the startup number Keypad Status, set to "ON" Digital input Valid (NumLock light on keyboard is on), otherwise it is invalid; "Typematic Rate Setting", "Typematic Rate (Chars/Sec)" and "Typematic Delay (Msec)" are used to adjust the keyboard entry speed, which is of little significance.

"Password Usage Selection/Security Option" is set with "System" and "Setup", which are used to determine whether the password is Starting the system (including hot start) or only when entering BIOS settings.

"Display correction/PCI-VGA Palette Snoop" refers to PCI bus Two display boards (such as VCD/DVD Unzip card ）When the color is abnormal, it can be set as "Enabled" to try. Generally, it should be set as "Disabled". "Assign IRQ For VGA" is set to automatically configure interrupt (IRQ) for the display card by the system. It is used when the decompression card with ISA interface is installed in the system. It should generally be set to "Disabled".

"OS Select For DRAM>64MB" is only installed on the computer“ OS/2 ”The operating system is only used. Because most users have Windows XP/7/8 installed on their computers, it should be set to "No OS/2".

"HDD S.M.A.R.T capability" is used to turn on the "failure" of the hard disk Self monitoring Report "function. If your hard disk has this protection function, please set it to" Enabled ". If you do not have this function, turning on this switch will not affect the normal operation of the system.

"Report No FDD For WIN95" means to report when the system starts win9x There is no hard disk. The user system is generally 2X Above, it is strongly recommended to set it to Disable.

The last item "Video BIOS Shadow" is used to map the BIOS program of the display card into the memory (open a reserved area) after startup, which can theoretically improve the computer display speed, so it can be set to "Enabled".

Chipset function

（CHIPSET FEATURES SETUP)

Select "CHIPSET FEATURES SETUP" from the main menu to enter Chipset Function settings. The specific content of this setting varies with the motherboard, but basically includes the monitoring of system hardware status, CPU Over temperature protection Setting and adjusting memory Video memory Status setting, etc. The options in this function help to improve the system efficiency, and it is recommended to use Default 。 If some Chipsets DRAM /SDRAM or SRAM Some of the Timing values are set too fast, which may cause the system to "crash" or run unstable. In this case, try to set the speed values of some options a little slower. The "Reset Case Open Status" and "Case Opened" items are used to set the computer chassis (open) status monitoring and alarm, which is generally set to "No".

"Slow Down CPU Duty Cycle" is used to select the CPU speed down operation ratio. "Norma l" or "79%" and others can be selected respectively percentage 。

"Shutdown Temp? (℃/?)" is used to set System temperature When it is too high, it will automatically shut down the initial value, and use Celsius or fahrenheit express.

“***Temp? Select（℃/?）**” The option is to select the initial value of the protection startup temperature, which is also expressed in Celsius and Fahrenheit. Here, only the CPU is set.

"* * Temperature Alarm * *" is used to set CPU over temperature alarm, which should be set to "Yes"; Then is the data collected by the system for hardware monitoring, including "CPU" fans, "Power/Power" and "Panel/Board" fans running state , if the non Original fan , because there is no velocity measurement Function, the system will consider CPU fan Fault, so it should be set to "No" at this time, and other fan alarm functions should also be set to "No". For CPU voltage and temperature displayed by the system monitoring Status parameters The user can only view it but cannot modify it, but the BIOS with the function of overclocking setting will include the CPU core working voltage And I/O voltage tuning, which must be set according to the specific motherboard BIOS content.

The second is the memory running speed Set "SDRAM CAS latency Time" to "Auto" to automatically detect memory when the system starts, and then“ SPD ”Set the parameters in, so that the system will not make errors due to the excessive running speed of the memory set artificially. But if you buy fake memory (fake SPD), then the system Runtime But I'm going to make trouble for you. In addition, it can be set to "2" or "3" according to the specific value, depending on the memory quality. The smaller the value, the faster the memory will run.

"DRAM Data Integrity Mode" is used to set memory verification. Most users do not have ECC verification function SDRAM , so this item is automatically set to "No ECC". Note: If the system uses SDRAM erratically, it is recommended to slow down the SDRAM speed.

For the settings of "System BIOS Cacheable" and "Video BIOS Cacheable" a main board The BIOS and VGA BIOS are mapped in cache or memory. Theoretically, it can improve the running speed, but some computers may have problems when using them. Therefore, it should be set to "Enabled" after the test, otherwise it should be set to "Disabled", so that the BIOS is mapped only in memory.

The "16 Bit I/O Recovery Time" item is the device transmission reset speed of input/output 16 bit data, which can be set as "1" to "4", etc. Generally, the value is small and the speed is fast.

"Memory Hole At15M-16M" is set for ISA devices to reserve memory between 15 and 16M, and is generally set to "Disabled". If you lose 1MB of memory after Windows starts (via Control panel View the system properties in), check whether this is set to Enabled.

"Delayed Transaction" is used to solve the problem of PCI2? 1. The compatibility problem of the bus is set. Theoretically, if it is set to "Enable led", the PCI21 standard card can be used, but if it is set to "Enabled", the PCI2? 1. The compatibility between the device and common PCI and ISA devices is a problem, so it is generally recommended to set it to "Disabled".

The "Clock Spread Spectrum" item is used to suppress clock frequency Radiated interference , but it needs hardware (motherboard) support, so it can be set to "Enabled" or "Disabled" according to the actual situation.

USB Function Enabled: This option enables USB interface Function of, if not USB device , it is recommended to set this option to Disable, otherwise an IRQ resource will be wasted.

Passive Release: When Passive Release is set to Enable, the CPU and PCI bus can be ensured Main control chip （PCI Bus Master ）Can recover the control power 。

Power management

（POWER MANAGEMET SETUP)

Select "POWER MANAGEMMET SETUP" on the main menu to enter“ energy management Settings menu.

energy management function Can make most Peripheral equipment When idle, enter the power saving function simulation to reduce power consumption and achieve energy conservation The purpose of. During normal operation, the computer works in full speed mode, and Power management Program meeting Monitoring system Graphics, serial and parallel ports, hard disk access, keyboard, mouse and other devices working condition , if the above devices are in a standstill state, the system will enter Power saving mode , when any monitoring event occurs, the system will immediately return to full speed Operating mode Status of. The power saving mode is also divided into "Normal" mode and "snooze" mode（ Doze ）, Standby mode, and Suspend mode. The order of system power consumption is Normal>Doze>Standby>Suspend.

Power Management/APM: Whether to enable the APM power saving function. "Disabled" and "Enabled", if enabled, the power saving function can be set. "PM Control by APM" means that the energy management is handed over to the APM (English abbreviation for "Advanced Energy Management") of the system (referring to WIN9x), which can be set as "Yes" or "No" according to the user's wishes, but it is better to hand over the energy management to the system.

Green PC Monitor Power State/Video Power Down Mode/Hard Disk Power Down Mode: set whether the display, display card and hard disk are in power-saving mode, which can be set to Standby, Suspend and Off (that is, do not enter power-saving mode).

The "Video off Method" item is used to control the display, with "DPMS/display Energy management system ”, "brightness off/B park screen", "brightness off and off Synchronizing signal /Three modes, such as V/H SYNC+Blank Screen, are optional, but "DPMS" has the best energy-saving effect. It is a recommended setting, but it needs to be supported by a display and graphics card that meet the DPMS specification. If the device does not meet the DPMS, you can try to set it to the other two.

Video Power Down Mode: set the status of the display in the power-saving mode: Disable: not set; Stand By: standby mode; Suspend: Sleeping mode.

Hard Disk Power Down Mode: Sets the state of the hard disk in the power-saving mode. (Same as above)

"Suspend Mode" is the sleep time setting, which can be set between 1 minute and 1 hour, meaning that the system will automatically enter after the set time is exceeded Sleep state 。 If the PC has a CD- R/W CD writer conduct Engraved disc It is better to set it to "Disabled" in order to turn off the sleep function to improve the success rate of recording.

The "HDD Power Down" option sets the hard disk auto stop time, which can be set between 1 and 15 minutes, or set to "Disabled" to turn off the hard disk auto stop.

Standby Timeout/Suspend Timeout: This option can set the system to enter Standby/Mode/Suspend Mode and other power-saving modes in sequence after being idle for several minutes.

VGA Active Monitor is used to set the display brightness activation mode, which can be set to "Disabled" or "Enabled".

The "Soft off by PWR-BTTN" item determines the power-off mode, which is set to "Instant Off". When power-off, the user presses the power switch to cut off the power immediately. When it is set to "Delay4Secs", the power is cut off 4 seconds after pressing the power switch Switching time If it is less than 4 seconds, it will automatically enter the sleep mode, so it is usually set as "Instant Off".

"Power LED In Suspend" item sets the chassis Power indicator When the system sleeps, it can be set to "Flash/Bl working", "On/On" and "Off/Manual". Usually, it is set to "Blanking" so that the power light of the computer flashes to remind the user when the computer sleeps.

The "System After AC Back" item sets the computer's alternating current The state of power supply restoration after power failure can be set to "Power off/So ft off", "Power on/Full On", "Memory By S/W" and "Memory By H/W". According to domestic usage, the computer does not automatically power on when power supply is restored after power failure, that is, it is set to "Power off/Soft off".

The "CPUFAN off In suspend" item is used to set the CPU fan to automatically stop when the system sleeps. It can be set to "Disabled" or "Enabled" according to its own fan (only valid for the original fan or the fan with speed measurement function).

The item "PME Event Wakeup" is unknown. First, it is set to "Disabled" by default.

“ Modem RingOn/WakeOnlan "is used to realize the setting of remote wake up and power on through the network or Modem. As long as you do not use these functions, you can set them to" Disabled ". If you need to set them to" Enabled "again.

The "Resume by Alarm" item is used to Start up regularly , set time Determinable On a certain day (00~31), at a certain time, at a certain time, and at a certain second (00~23:00~59:00~59) every month, but it requires the support of the motherboard and other hardware.

There is also a "* * Reload Global Timer Events * *" item in the "Energy Management Settings", which roughly means that the equipment and network equipment And parts system resource (IRQ) Whether the activation of the system counts the time of entering the energy-saving state again.

Plug and Play PCI

Plug and Play and PCI resource settings

Select "PNP/PCI CONFIGURATION" from the main menu to enter the setting Plug and Play And PCI resource menu. In this setting, "PnP OS Installed" means to install a plug and play operating system (WIN9x, naturally), which can be set to "Yes". Interrupts, DMAs and other resources on PCI and ISA can be managed by the operating system, and when set to "No", they can be managed by BIOS.

The "Resources Controlled By" item is used to set peripheral And board resource management , if it is set to "AUTO", submit it to BIOS or operating system Automatic management There are few settings when; However, when it is set to "Manual" and handed over to users for their own management, there are a lot of contents that must be set. At this time, users must have a high level of computer application, otherwise it is easy to set incorrectly, causing conflicts in the use of equipment resources, so it is generally set to "AUTO". When the "Reset Resources Controlled By" item is set to "AUTO", the following items must be set: the "Reset Configuration Data" item will be detected every time the system starts hardware configuration The data is written to the BIOS and can be set to“ ESCD / peripheral Configuration data "," DMI/ Desktop management Interface, Both/ Same as ”Or "Disabled". Since the normal operation is not affected by not writing ESCD when the system starts, it is usually set to "Disabled", which may be safer.

When "Resources Controlled By" is set to "Manual", the contents to be set will list all available IRQ and DMA resources of the system in addition to the previous items. The user can set them in two states: "Legacy ISA" and "PCI/ISA PnP". If you need to reserve an IRQ and DMA for the ISA card (such as IRQ5 and DMA6 for the sound card), you can assign "IRQ-5 to" Both "DMA-6 assigned to" and "DMA-6 assigned to" are set to "Legacy ISA".

The "Assign IRQ For USB" item is used to set the interrupt resources reserved for USB (Universal Serial Interface) USB device , can be set to "Disabled".

Load Presets

The contents and settings in item 6 "LOAD BIOS DEFAULS" and item 7 "LOAD PERFORMANCE DEFAUL TS" have been introduced before and will not be repeated here.

Port synthesis

Integrated settings of input/output ports

Select "INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS" from the main menu to enter the setting menu (see Figure 5), mainly including: Part 1 about hard disk controller If the user uses the IDE port on the motherboard to connect the hard disk, optical drive and other devices, the "On Chip Pr image PCI IDE/motherboard first IDE port" and "On Chip secondary PCI IDE/motherboard PC I second IDE port" must be set to "Enabled" transmission mode It can be set as "AUTO", "MODE0" to "MODE4" according to the situation.

The setting of "USB Keyboard support" in Part 2 can be set to "Disabled" or "Enabled" depending on whether the USB keyboard is used.

Part 3 is about the soft drive port, string Parallel port And PS/2 interface parameter settings. The two serial ports can be used for the C OM1 (Onboard serial port1), COM2 (Onboard serial port2) and parallel port (Onboard Parallel port ）Specific I/O address And IRQ parameters, which generally appear in the serial port and other devices Resource conflict Adjust when.

The working modes of parallel ports can be set to“ SPP ”、“ EPP ”Or "ECP", because the "SPP" mode is too slow, the user cannot use the optical drive, hard disk Scanner And other equipment, so it is generally not used; When it is set to "ECP", some peripherals may be connected abnormally, so it is generally good to set the parallel port to "EPP" or "ECP+EPP" mode.

The next "PS/2 Mouse Power On" and "Keyboard Power On" are used to turn on the computer, and the mouse must use PS/2 (i.e. six small pins Round mouth ）。 If "PS/2 Mouse Power On" is set to "DblC click/double click", you can restart the computer by double clicking the left mouse button after the computer is shut down. The same can be done for "Keyboard Power On".

In the following main menu, the specific settings of item 9 "SUPERVISOR PASSWORD", item 10 "USER PASSWORD", item 11 "IDE HDD AUTO DETECTION", item 12 "SAVE&EXIT SETUP" and item 13 "EXIT WITH SAVING" have been introduced before, so they will not be repeated. Since the BIOS contents of various mainboards are different (even the BIOS developed by the same company), the above contents are only for reference. In the future, the BI OS items of other mainboards must be set according to the specific contents to obtain a satisfactory setting effect.^[8]

Activation process

When BIOS is activated, it will first confirm whether the data in CMOS is correct. If it is correct, it will add the data previously stored in CMOS to the data already saved or found Hardware Information , integrated into a table and written to memory, which is called SMBIOS 。 If an error is found, it will automatically replace the information provided by CMOS with the default value. Therefore, the SMBIOS table written to memory is all the information that users can see or select after entering the BIOS option.

All operations that will occur before the BIOS are Power On, that is, the moment you press the power switch on the computer. At the beginning of the Power On phase, the BIOS activation process will be entered. When the user presses the power switch, the CPU will be activated first to find the BIOS, and then the BIOS will first execute in Flash Memory, plus the settings preferred by the user in CMOS, and then the BIOS will decompress itself to the computer's Main memory Medium. At this time, if the user presses the [DEL] key, he can enter the setting options provided by the BIOS to see all the setting values; Or when the user enters the operating system, the operating system can refer to the BIOS data in the memory to access each hardware address.

Sound prompt

AWARD's BIOS alarm sound : : (AWARD has been acquired by PHOENIX)

Sound type	Meaning
1 short	The system starts normally
2 short	General error, please enter CMOS Setup and reset
1 long and 1 short	RAM or motherboard error
1 long and 2 short	Display or display card error
1 long and 3 short	Keyboard controller error
1 long and 9 short	Flash RAM or EPROM error
Constant sound (long sound)	Memory module Not inserted tightly or damaged
Keep ringing	The power supply and display are not connected to the display card
Repeated short sound	Power supply problem
No sound, no display	Power supply problem

BIOS alarm sound of AMI:

Sound type	Meaning
1 short	Memory Refresh something the matter
2 short	Memory synchronization check error
3 short	Failed to check the first 64KB memory segment
4 short	System timer failure
5 short	Processor error
6 short	Keyboard controller 8024, A20 address line error
7 short	The processor is interrupted abnormally
8 short	Poor contact of video card or wrong access of video memory
9 short	ROM BIOS check error
10 short	CMOS shutdown register access error
11 short	External CACHE error
1 long and 3 short	Memory error. Memory is damaged, just update it
1 long and 8 short	Displays test errors. The data cable of the monitor is not plugged in properly or the video card is not plugged in firmly

BIOS alarm sound of PHOENIX:

Sound type	Meaning
1 short	The system starts normally
1 short 1 short 1 short	System power on initialization failed
1 short 1 short 2 short	Mainboard error
1 short 1 short 3 short	CMOS or battery failure
1 short 1 short 4 short	ROM BIOS verification error
1 short 2 short 1 short	System clock error
1 short 2 short 2 short	DMA initialization failed
1 short 2 short 3 short	DMA page register error
1 short 3 short 1 short	RAM refresh error
1 short 3 short 2 short	Basic memory error
1 short 3 short 3 short	Basic memory error
1 short 4 short 1 short	Basic memory Address line error
1 short 4 short 2 short	Basic memory Verification error
1 short 4 short 3 short	EISA sequencer error
1 short 4 short 4 short	EISA NMI port error
2 short 1 short 1 short	Front 64K Basic memory error
3 short 1 short 1 short	DMA register error
3 short 1 short 2 short	Main DMA register error
3 short 1 short 3 short	Main interrupt processing register error
3 short 1 short 4 short	Slave interrupt processing register error
3 short 2 short 4 short	Keyboard controller error
3 short 1 short 3 short	Main interrupt processing register error
3 short 4 short 2 short	Display error
3 short 4 short 3 short	Clock error
4 short 2 short 2 short	Shutdown error
4 short 2 short 3 short	A20 door error
4 short 2 short 4 short	Protection mode interrupt error
4 short 3 short 1 short	Memory error
4 short 3 short 3 short	Clock 2 error
4 short 3 short 4 short	Clock error
4 short 4 short 1 short	Serial port error
4 short 4 short 2 short	Parallel port error
4 short 4 short 3 short	numeric coprocessor error

BIOS upgrade

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objective

BIOS chip Both adopt Flash ROM, and can upgrade BIOS through specific writing programs. There are two main purposes for upgrading BIOS:

1. Get new functions for free

The most direct benefit of upgrading BIOS is that you can get many new functions without spending money, such as supporting new frequencies and new types of CPU For example, some old mainboards supported by upgrading BIOS Tualatin core Pentium III And Celeron. Some motherboards can support the latest Prescott Core Pentium 4E CPU; It breaks through the capacity limit and can directly use large capacity hard disks; Obtain new startup mode; Turn on previously blocked functions, such as Intel Of Hyper Threading Technology, VIA Memory interleaving technology; Identify others New Hardware Etc.

2. Correct known BUGs

Since BIOS is also a program, there must be bugs and hardware technological development Change with each passing day market competition The cycle of mainboard manufacturers to launch products is also getting shorter and shorter, and there must be some unsatisfactory aspects in BIOS writing. These bugs often lead to inexplicable failures, such as restart without reason and frequent crashes, System Effectiveness Low, device conflict , hardware devices are "lost" for no reason, etc. stay User feedback After the manufacturer finds out, the responsible manufacturer will release a new version of BIOS in time to correct these known bugs, so as to solve those inexplicable faults.

Due to the danger of BIOS upgrade, motherboard manufacturers have also developed many BIOS featured technologies for their own products and the actual needs of users. For example, BIOS refresh is famous Gigabyte Of @BIOS Writer， Support Gigabyte motherboard to automatically find the new version of BIOS online and automatically download and refresh BIOS, which avoids the trouble of manually finding the new version of BIOS, and also avoids the danger of users mistakenly brushing the BIOS of different models of motherboards. In addition, Gigabyte @ BIOS also supports many non Gigabyte motherboards in windows Backup and refresh BIOS; Other similar BIOS features include ASUS Of Live Update ， Promotion Abit Flash Menu, QDI Update Easy, MSI Live Update 3 of MSI, in addition to the motherboard BIOS Video card BIOS as well as Optical storage device Firmware can also automatically refresh online, which is a very powerful MSI product Special tools 。 In addition, Intel Original motherboard Express BIOS Update technology also supports BIOS refresh under windows, and this technology is integrated with BIOS file and refresh program Executable program , very suitable for beginners. They are skillful in preventing BIOS from being damaged and failing to refresh dualbios Technology, QDI diamond lock technology, Intel original motherboard Recovery BIOS technology, etc.

In addition to the manufacturer's new BIOS, we can also make some modifications to the BIOS to obtain some new functions, such as changes Energy Star LOGO， Change Full Screen Startup screen , get specific functions of some brands of motherboards (for example, non Jetway Add a shortcut to the motherboard Recovery Genius Module), adding Video card BIOS The module saves the BIOS damaged graphics card and opens the one shielded by the motherboard manufacturer Chipset Function, even support new CPU types, directly support large capacity hard disks instead of DM Software, etc. However, you need to be very familiar with BIOS and have some hands-on ability and experience before you can do it.

Version determination

To upgrade BIOS, the BIOS on the motherboard must be Flash BIOS (flash memory), and ordinary BIOS cannot be used Software method Upgraded. To identify whether it is Flash BIOS, you can check the user manual of the computer motherboard (generally, the motherboard uses Flash BIOS). You can also check whether there is a new BIOS version of the motherboard of this model on the website of the motherboard manufacturer according to the brand and model of the motherboard. If there is, of course, you can determine that it is Flash BIOS. If it is Original machine , you should go to the manufacturer's homepage of the complete machine to check whether there is BIOS upgrade software for this model.

After confirming that the motherboard BIOS can be upgraded, you should also confirm that Version No The specific methods are as follows:

Restart the machine, and we can see the following startup images (just on the left of the screen Lower corner Or press the del key to view). To view them carefully, press the "Pause" key in the upper right corner of the keyboard when these pictures are displayed.

method

New computer a main board Both adopt Flash BIOS, and can be upgraded by using the corresponding upgrade software. Flash BIOS upgrade requires two software: one is the new version of BIOS data file (It needs to be downloaded on the Internet); One is the BIOS refresh program (usually found on the supporting CD of the motherboard, or downloaded from the Internet).

The BIOS flash program has the following functions:

1. Save the original BIOS data;

2. Update BIOS data (set New Data Engraved into BIOS chip);

3. Other functions

Common BIOS refresh software includes the following:

1． AWD FLASH: special BIOS flash software for Award BIOS;

2. AMIFLASH: special BIOS refresh software for AMI BIOS;

3． AFLASH： Asus motherboard Dedicated BIOS refresh software;

4. PHLASH: Phoenix motherboard BIOS refresh software.

step

with Panying 3VCA Take the motherboard as an example to introduce the BIOS upgrade steps in detail, which can also be used as a reference when upgrading motherboards of other Award BIOS:

1、 Find the required for upgrade Software ：

BIOS refresh program AWDFLASH EXE， You can find it on the CD attached to the motherboard, or you can download it from the Pioneer BIOS download website. Some websites upgrade the BIOS and refresh the BIOS collect files Put together; (BIOS and Driver Update file) The following information can be found in the BIOS upgrade file column of the 09/16/2000 version of 3VCA:

EP-3VCA(3VBA2)

1. Improved the ability to switch to USB Mouse stability

2. Modify the default in BIOS“ Keyboard power on ”The option is "Enable"

3. Support network card startup

4. Correct the use of ATI Rage128Pro Display card Crash

5. Improve use SDRAM Memory stability

The above information shows that the latest BIOS version of the 3VCA motherboard was provided on September 16, 2000, which has added many functions to the original BIOS of the machine and solved some bugs that caused the system crash. It is worth upgrading. Click 694x0916 bin You can download it back. Note that some BIOS upgrade files are compressed in ZIP format. After downloading The It is decompressed for use).

2、 BIOS related settings:

Restart the machine, enter BIOS settings, set the "BIOS update" option to "Enable" (some mainboards should set the "Boot Block Programming" jumper on the mainboard to the "Enable" position after shutdown), and set the "Virus Warning"（ Viruses Warning) is set to "Disabled".

3、 With DOS Real mode Startup:

Because BIOS upgrade must be performed in DOS real mode Three methods It can be determined that the system is running in DOS real mode:

1. No Config.sys and Autoexec.bat file system start-up Floppy startup computer;

2. If using hard disk MS-DOS 6. When the X system starts, when the screen says "Starting MS-DOS...", press the key to skip the execution of Config.sys and Autoexec.bat;

3. If Win95/98 is used for startup, when Starting Win95/98...... Appears, press the key to enter the startup menu and select the Safe mode command prompt only option.

You can also use system startup floppy disk To start the machine.

4、 BIOS upgrade:

After the system starts up in DOS real mode, switch the working directory to AWDFLASH In the directory where the EXE and upgrade file 694x0916.bin are located, I changed the name of 694x0916.bin to BIOS for the convenience described below BIN。 Type: AWDFLASH to enter the BIOS update program.

The program prompts you to enter the name of the BIOS upgrade file. Enter the upgrade file name: BIOS BIN， Knock back. Note that the full name of the upgrade file, including the file name and Extension 。

The refresh program prompts whether to back up the BIOS file of the motherboard. To be safe, be sure to back up the BIOS content of the system to the machine and remember its file name (for convenience and easy to remember, the file name should be simple, such as BACK.BIN, etc.), so that when an error occurs in the process of updating the BIOS, you can re Writeback Original BIOS data.

Enter the file name to save in the "File Name to Save" box: BACK BIN。 After pressing Enter, the refresh program starts to read the BIOS content of the motherboard and save it as a file.

After the backup is completed, the refresh program will ask if you want to upgrade the BIOS.

Select "Y", and the refresh program starts to officially refresh the BIOS. The most critical moment is at this time. In this process, do not shut down halfway; In addition, if you encounter power failure, crash, or download incorrect BIOS files, your machine will die.

When progress bar At the end of the run, when the refresh is over, the refresh program prompts you to press "F1" to restart or "F10" to exit the refresh program. Generally, select reboot and press DEL to enter BIOS setting, except for setting“ HDD 、 FDD , DATE... ", you should also select" Load Setup Defaults "to load the system preset values. So far, the BIOS upgrade has been completed.

Again, in BIOS Update process Never cut off the microcomputer Power supply, so as not to cause failure to start!

matters needing attention

First, when to upgrade. After the user made a partial upgrade to the electronic product, he found that it did not meet the expected performance. For example, replace your computer with a more powerful one CPU After that Blue screen , screen phenomenon, but using Exclusion method Until all hardware replacements are invalid, the motherboard has a problem. This requires a new BIOS for the motherboard of the computer. If the motherboard has quality problems or components are broken, you do not need to upgrade the BIOS of the motherboard. Because the motherboard manufacturer has introduced a new version of BIOS, it is aimed at the design defects of the old generation motherboard, rather than fixing its hardware problems.

Second, the principle of upgrading. In general, upgrading the BIOS of the motherboard. In principle, you must match the motherboard model 100% before refreshing. Otherwise, after the failure, the mainboard does not light up, and the system starts up again Black screen Will affect its service life. At the same time, there must be a corresponding BIOS burning program and a new version of BIOS data file. The corresponding programming programs of Award and AMI BIOS chips are respectively Awdflash and Amiflash, which cannot be mixed. The data file of the new version BIOS data file generally takes BIN as the extension. In short, the BIOS file must be strictly consistent with the motherboard model. The burning program and the new version of BIOS data file can be downloaded from the Official website Upload and download.

Third, upgrade steps. First, set the BIOS erase switch to Enable. This can be done on the motherboard or CMOS Set in. Set the machine to boot from floppy disk; The quality of the data floppy disk used for the upgrade must be good. It cannot appear during the upgrade process Disk reading Error! It is better to match the upgraded machine UPS Otherwise, power failure during the upgrade process will damage the BIOS and paralyze the machine. Next, start the machine to enter DOS state. The BIOS upgrade must be performed in DOS mode. It is better to boot the floppy disk into a pure DOS environment. Thirdly, the command format is:<Burn program>, such as A: >Awdflash ODI32.BIN. Before upgrading, you must choose to save the data of the old version BIOS. Upgrading usually takes more than ten seconds. Finally, check whether the machine can start normally. If it can, it means the upgrade is correct. If the machine has a black screen and cannot be started, the upgrade fails.

misunderstanding

Myth 1: After upgrading the motherboard BIOS, you can system performance Great improvement! For BIOS, the newer the better. The BIOS update by the motherboard manufacturer is mainly used to solve the problem of very few motherboards compatibility And make it possible to support more and updated hardware products. However, it has little impact on the performance of the whole machine!

Mistake 2: The mainboard BIOS upgrade is too dangerous!

To upgrade BIOS, as long as the method is appropriate, bold and careful, and make preparations for the repair in case of failure, it should be very simple. Of course, there must be risks. For ordinary users, if there is no special reason, do not take this risk.

Mistake 3: It is difficult to repair after the mainboard BIOS upgrade fails!

Even if it fails, there are many ways to repair it, and 99% of them can bring your motherboard back to life. It must be noted in advance that if the BIOS chip is soldered on the motherboard, the following methods are not fully applicable.

direct Recovery method

Restart after the refresh fails. If the system is not lit, but floppy disk drive The light is still on, which indicates that the BootBlock of the BIOS chip is not damaged. At this time, copy the BIOS refresh tool and the backup BIOS file to a good, non-toxic startup floppy disk, and use Batch processing The file is refreshed.

There are some uses AMI BIOS The backup BIOS file is renamed AMIBOOT ROM， Copy it into an empty non-toxic floppy disk, put it in the floppy drive, start the computer and press "Ctrl Home" at the same time Key combination Force the computer to upgrade. The system will read AMIBOOT from the disk ROM. When you hear the system beep four times, you can take out the disk and restart it. After reboot, the BIOS is restored.

Rewrite BIOS method

Remove the BIOS chip very carefully, and then go to Computer City Or there are special The programmer They can help you rewrite BIOS chips. The price generally ranges from 10 to 20 yuan.

Hot plug method

Find a computer with the same type of motherboard. If it can't be found, the motherboard type can be similar. The most critical point is the erasing voltage and Pin Is the same. Then perform hot plug repair. There is also a very different way to insert the BIOS chip into the network card and use the network card refresh tool to refresh.

replace Chip method

If the above methods are not effective, only replace the BIOS of the motherboard. You don't have to go to the motherboard manufacturer to replace it. Go to the computer market to buy a chip of the same capacity and type (20~40 yuan). Brush your original BIOS file, and it will generally work normally.

Unable to use after BIOS upgrade USB drive Installation system Of resolvent

1. Restore the BIOS to the default state: enter the BIOS setting interface and select "Load Setup Defaults" under the "EXIT" column.

2. Under the "Main" column, find and modify“ F12 Boot Menu is "Enable", press F10 to save.

3. Restart the system and press F12 to select USB flash drive startup , which can normally be used USB flash disk installation system Has.

4. If the problem persists, it may be because the USB flash drive starts the production tool. You can try changing a production tool.^[9]

Enter fault

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Win7 system Unable to access the bios interface. The reason why the win7 system cannot access the bios interface is:

1. They didn't know the brand of their motherboard. They pressed the startup key incorrectly.

2. Memory detection takes a long time at startup

Solution to the problem that the win7 system cannot access the bios interface:

1. The most important thing is to find out the brand of the motherboard

2、 USB drive Starting allows us to temporarily start the USB stick without using other disk media.

Start up and enter bios immediately

Cause analysis ：

bios

The main reason for entering the BIOS directly when starting up is that there is a problem with the BIOS settings on the motherboard. Some computer motherboards have added many other functions in order to make the settings more user-friendly. When the BIOS settings are incorrect, restart the computer and it will automatically enter the BIOS.

Solution:

Since it is caused by the BIOS settings, you only need to set it in the BIOS to solve the problem. Select Load Fail safe Defaults Load Optmized Defaults、 Restore For options like Defaults, press "F10" to save and exit after selection.

Generally speaking, it is the safest for small white users to keep the BIOS in its default state. Except for the startup sequence, other options generally do not need to be changed. If such a problem occurs, we will restore it to the default state, so that it can continue to be used normally.^[10]

Setting method

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Method 1

1. Set a main board On The button battery Remove it, keep it for more than 15 seconds after removal, and then install it again, so that the BIOS information can be eliminated and then recovered Factory settings Has.

2. Of course, some mainboards are also configured with "hard jumper". Just use the jumper cap to short the "2" and "3" pins as prompted, which can also eliminate BIOS Information function 。

Method 2

1. When starting up, press DELETE to enter the BIOS program interface after some information prompts such as "Press DEL Enter Bios" and "Press F1 to Run Setup" appear at the bottom of the screen.

2. After entering the BIOS interface, move the cursor to the "Load Optimized Default" item, and then enter.

3. Then select "yes" in the pop-up window and press enter key , you can restore the factory settings, and then press F10 to save.^[11]

life

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BIOS battery Conservative estimation It can last for 30 years

new generation

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Next generation BIOS: UEFI BIOS

BIOS, which has been playing an important role in the IT industry, is about to be approved by UEFI^[12] BIOS will be eliminated, and the new motherboard will popularize UEFI BIOS. MSI It is said that UEFI BIOS will replace BIOS within three years, UEFI The full name of BIOS is "Unified Extensible Firmware Interface", which is a standard that describes new types of interfaces in detail. This interface is used for the operating system to automatically boot from the Operating environment , loaded into an operating system, which simplifies the boot program and saves time.

If you need more information about UEFI BIOS, please go to the encyclopedia UEFI entry for details.

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