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The agriculture in the suburb of the city has distinctive characteristics. Affected by the big market in the city, it needs to provide a large number of vegetables, meat, eggs, milk and other non-staple food for the people in the city. At the same time, its agricultural production efficiency should also compete with the income of the people in the city.Therefore, suburban agriculture has the development direction of mechanization, intensification, facility and efficiency.
Chinese name
Suburban agriculture
Development trend
Mechanization, intensification, facility and efficiency
Suburbs have advantages in technology and capital, as well as the convenience of transferring labor to urban areas.Therefore, agricultural production labor force is relatively tight.Realizing agricultural mechanization is an important way to improve labor productivity.From the perspective of the development trend of China's agriculture, suburban agricultural production first realizes all mechanization in all aspects of planting, plant protection, irrigation, harvesting, loading, unloading and transportation.For example, automatic water-saving irrigation focusing on sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation is realized;Uniform fertilization machinery or spraying machinery with electronic control equipment and regulating equipment with automatic batcher shall be adopted.
Development trend
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Another development trend of suburban agriculture is facility and intensification.In this respect, there are facilities gardening mainly engaged in vegetable and flower production.Facility gardening is changing from simplePlastic greenhousetowardsGlass greenhouseTransition, gradually overcome the restrictions of heat (temperature) on plant production and development, and increase the yield.In terms of cultivation medium, it is also transitioning from soiled cultivation to soilless cultivation, gradually overcoming soil constraints, and meeting the requirements of plant growth for nutrients and water to the greatest extent.Thus, land productivity andlabour productivityHave been greatly improved.
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Suburban facility agriculture will also change from manually regulating single plant growth conditions (such as temperature) toAutomatic controlDevelopment direction of all plant production conditions (light, heat, fertilizer, water and mechanical support, etc.).After this stage, the production of crops is like in a factory, so this stage is called plant factory production.In the plant factory, the whole facility is reasonably divided into several areas. For example, one end of the "factory" is a small seed and seedling breeding room, then to the germination and seedling breeding area, then to the growth area, then to the harvest area, and finally to the sorting and postharvest treatment area, and then it can be shipped out for sale from the other end.In the whole "factory", people can automatically adjust to the best state according to the requirements of plant growth in each area through computers. The temperature, light, humidity, nutrient solution, wind speed, etc. in the plant factory are all controlled manually, so the plants can achieve the highest yield.
In terms of livestock and poultry production, suburban livestock and poultry breeding industry is developing towards automation, and individual management of livestock is realized.For example, the computer system for pig production management stores all kinds of data and information needed in the process of delivery, death, growth, sale, food proportion and management, which can analyze and predict the sale, mating of pigs, the feed needed by farrowing sows, the degradation of pig breeds and the best replacement of improved breeds;The economic benefits and values can also be analyzed according to the stored breeding and quality data, sow grade indicators, nutritional effects, piglet production, market prices and other data.The computer system that manages the production of dairy cows stores data such as the health status, milk yield, reproduction and life history, food supply of each cow, and has the ability to automatically identify each cow, automatically record the milk yield of each cow, automatically dispense refined and coarse fodder, and automatically measure and record the weight, temperature, quality and health status of each cow.In this way, the feed cost can be reduced, the medical expenses can be reduced, and the efficiency and economic benefits of the breeding industry can be greatly improved.
