1. Agricultural development is the initial driving force of urbanization. (1) Agricultural development urban economy provide Capital accumulation . (2) Agricultural development provides basic material living conditions for the population to gather in cities
(3) Agricultural development urban development Provide labor (4) Agriculture developed into a city light industry Production provides raw materials (5) Agriculture provides markets for urban industry
2. Industrialization is the fundamental driving force of urbanization (1) Industrialization makes cities become regional economies Center of (2) Industrialization breaks through the countryside natural economy Shackles of (3) Industrialization drives great changes in transportation geography
(4) Industrialization promotes cities the service sector; the tertiary industry Great development of 3. Marketization is the direct driving force of urbanization
(1) Labor marketization Working population The migration to the city has been realized （2） land resource Marketization enables the expansion of urban cellar scale and the construction of new towns to be realized (3) Product marketization enables urbanization in a broader region
Essentially economic social structure The process of change The essence of accelerating the process of urbanization is not to have cities everywhere, but to enable all citizens to enjoy modern city And realize the life style, life concept cultural education Quality, etc. That is, to realize the integrated development of urban and rural space -- the integration of industry, employment, environment, culture, social security and system, so as to truly realize the common prosperity of urban and rural people common development And common progress. In general, the process of urbanization in China is still in the stage of urbanization concentration. The process of urbanization in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China can be divided into the following stages: (1) 1949 - 1957 is the initial development period of urbanization; (2) 1958-1965 is the unstable development period of urbanization; (3) 1966-1978 was a period of stagnant urbanization; (4) 1978 was a period of stable and rapid urbanization.
1、 In 1949, there were only 132 cities in China Non-agricultural population 27.4 million people, Urbanization level (Calculated by the proportion of urban non-agricultural population in the total population) is 5.1%. stay national economy During the period of recovery and the "First Five Year Plan" construction, with 156 key projects engineering construction A number of emerging industrial and mining cities have emerged. At the same time, a number of old cities have also been expanded and renovated, such as Wuhan, Chengdu Taiyuan 、 Xi'an 、 Luoyang 、 Lanzhou etc. Old industrial city 。 Strengthened development Anshan 、 Benxi 、 Harbin 、 Qiqihar 、 Changchun And other large and medium-sized cities. A large number of new and expanded industrial projects have been built in cities across the country, which has played a powerful role in promoting the demand for land and labor, urban construction, economic development, and the rise of the service industry. By the end of 1957, there were 176 cities in China, and the proportion of urban non-agricultural population in the total population rose to 8.4%. With the steady development of national political stability and economic construction, from 1953 to 1957 Total industrial and agricultural output value Average year growth rate 18.3%, urban population The average annual growth rate is 16%. This shows that urban development and Urban population growth It is basically adaptable to the development of the national economy. 2、 During the period from 1958 to 1965, it experienced the "Great Leap Forward" movement. The urban development shows a change from expansion to contraction. After three years of the "Great Leap Forward", the number of cities nationwide increased from 176 in 1957 to 208 in 1961; The urban population increased from 54.12 million to 690.6 million, an increase of 28%; The proportion of urban non-agricultural population increased from 8.4% to 10.5%.
Since 1962, a large number of cities have been abolished. By the end of 1965, there were only 168 cities left. 40 fewer than in 1961. During this period, some newly established cities were restored to the county level system, such as Yuci 、 Houma 、 Yueyang Etc; Another part of prefecture level cities were downgraded to become county-level city 。 as Shijiazhuang 、 Baoding Etc. At the same time, due to the shrinkage of urban social economy, the urban population showed negative growth, and the urbanization level also decreased from 10.5% in 1961 to 9.2% in 1965. 3、 The period from 1966 to 1978 was a period of sluggish development of urbanization. In the whole 13 years, the number of cities has only increased by 25. The urban non-agricultural population has long stagnated at around 60 million to 70 million, and the urbanization level hovers around 8.5%.
4、 During the period from 1979 to 1997, urbanization developed steadily in the process of reform and opening up, and entered the channel of stable and rapid development. With the implementation of the reform and opening up policy, social and economic undertakings in both urban and rural areas have gained new vitality. “ Rural industrialization ”And the unprecedented expansion of urban industry have played a role in promoting the process of urbanization. During this period, China experienced a period of rapid urbanization. By 1997, the number of cities in China had grown to 668, 452 more than in 1979, equivalent to the top 30 Annual increase More than twice the number. The urban population has also increased rapidly, with the urbanization level increasing to 18%. There is no doubt that this rapid development is the result of economic reform, especially the first reform of the rural economy. Some Suggestions on Solving the Prominent Problems in the Process of Urbanization Linfen Vice Chairman of the CPPCC Municipal Committee Cheng Jidong Said: economic globalization Lower urban development The road is an important subject to realize modernization. No, Urbanization level There is no modernization. In the process of urbanization, we are currently facing many new problems. Failure to solve the outstanding problems in the process of urbanization will delay the opportunity.
1、 Industry enters the park for intensive development. Huge urbanization impetus One is industrialization, which promotes urbanization. Shanxi The problem of the province is that it develops dispersedly, blooms everywhere, and lacks unified norms and Intensive development 。 Southern Jiangsu Regional establishment of "industrial parks" development strategy It is worth learning from. Uniformly plan the construction of roads, water supply, power supply and other infrastructure in the park, and carry out large-scale unified development. This can save land, form scale, resource sharing , avoid waste, intensify land and resources, and form a good investment environment It is conducive to attracting large enterprises and financial groups. According to industrial structure Division of labor, division of functional areas and unification Construction scale A large industrial park with complete facilities and beautiful environment. 2、 Planning first, Farmers go upstairs 。 The second outstanding problem in the process of urbanization development is the lagging planning, low level, disorderly development of cities and towns, "only new houses, not new cities", narrow roads, and incomplete facilities. At present, we should set up the concept that planning is productivity, and fully understand that unscientific planning is to productivity Severe damage 。 There are two problems to be solved here: one is to speed up the planning and construction of the urban center; The second is to solve the problem of farmers and residents going upstairs. Our urbanization development should use urban civilization to transform traditional farmers, starting with changing the lifestyle formed over thousands of years. Learning from Shenzhen's practice is to build Farmer's apartment and Unified building Let farmers go upstairs. This approach has many advantages: first, save land; The second is to change the traditional way of life and customs of farmers; The third is to guide farmers to move towards urbanization and create a new path Reconstruction of old villages And new ways to build new towns. 3、 Operate towns and markets. The third outstanding problem in the process of urbanization development is the problem of capital investment, especially the construction of infrastructure, which requires a large amount of investment. This needs to be widened Investment channels , establish the concept of managing cities and towns, and introduce Market operation mechanism 。 Main methods: First, use Land replacement Capital, such as building a square, and the surrounding land appreciation, can build a mall for investors; Second, use the right of use to replace funds, culture Sports facilities Planning and design It belongs to the government, and the right of use after completion belongs to investors, and the right of use can be 15 to 30 years; The third is to exchange resources for funds. After the completion of urban infrastructure, how to manage it should also be fully used market mechanism 。 IV private economy And let go of development. One important aspect of whether a town has vitality and stamina is whether it can be established and market economy Appropriate market economy subject. Many cities and towns in our province have vigorously developed small and medium-sized private enterprises, promoting the process of urbanization. The competitiveness of enterprises depends on Enterprise property rights Whether it is clear and whether it forms a national or even worldwide Market network ； Depending on Business operator Quality. Although small in size, small and medium-sized enterprises have a fine division of labor, complementarity Strong, which can form a new whole and a resultant force. The size of an enterprise should comply with the requirements of productivity development. As long as the combination of factors is reasonable, new productivity can be formed. Therefore, the development of small and medium-sized private enterprises should be regarded as a new growth point of economic development. The key is to create a good development environment for small and medium-sized private enterprises. 5、 Pay attention to commerce and optimize the structure. The development of small and medium-sized towns in our province should start from commerce and trade, and start from tourism, so as to promote the rapid development of the tertiary industry. Further promote the upgrading of industrial structure and further cultivate strong industries. First, vigorously develop Modern logistics industry 。 stay commodity economy Medium, Commodity flow 、 Capital flow 、 information flow The flow of human resources is a very important link, Logistics services Enterprises have created value, promoted the growth of profits, and its role has been increasingly valued by people. The second is to develop modern IT industry 。 The construction of "digital town" must be put on the agenda. There are many benefits to building a "digital town", which is conducive to improving our Traditional industries 。 By developing "e-commerce", we can accelerate Commodity circulation , reduce production transaction cost , and more importantly, changed Enterprise structure 。 Industry Social production The biggest characteristics of the Digital society , virtual manufacturing and agile form can be realized, which can avoid overstaffing of large enterprises. Where there are many small and medium-sized enterprises, networking can promote their complementary advantages and promote division of labor and cooperation. More importantly, building a "digital town" can improve people's quality and enrich people's spirit cultural life 。 Third, vigorously develop tourist industry And leisure industry. Provincial Cultural Relics tourist resources Rich, existing history Human resources , but also natural Ecological resources Shanxi should move forward from a major energy province to a major tourism province. VI sustained development , the characters are harmonious. Implement sustainable development strategy and build a ecotype Modern and garden oriented cities are the new requirements of urbanization. We should plan from a high starting point and build to a high standard, strengthen the control of environmental pollution masses Create an environment suitable for life and entrepreneurship. 7、 Transform functions, Strengthen management 。 accelerate Urbanization The development process of Administrative system reform 。 First, change governmental functions The government will withdraw from production Business field It is suggested to establish joint-stock companies in towns and villages and implement Entrusted operation The government focuses on the management of social affairs and the provision of services for enterprises. Second, establish Responsibility and rights Unified Administrative system 。 The focus should be shifted down and some power should be delegated to cities and towns, which will be more conducive to the development of cities and towns. Third, we should increase support for cities and towns, release water to raise fish, increase financial and tax returns in cities and towns, and promote the building of a well-off society. 
