The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is generally the combination of the distal part of the pituitary gland and the tubercle. It is composed of epithelial cell cords of different sizesBlood sinusAnd reticular tissue.It has been proved that under the condition of strong physical load, the blood flow of the anterior pituitary capillaries increases, the capillaries dilate, and the border area has an arc shape.The gland cells are in closer contact with the capillaries when the volume is enlarged, so that hormones can be more easily secreted into the blood.The above shows that the functional activity of the anterior pituitary is improved under the condition of muscle load.
Chinese name
Anterior pituitary
Meaning
The combination of the distal pituitary gland and the tubercle
It is a leaf of the pituitary gland.It includes the distal part and the minimal nodule, which accounts for most of the pituitary gland.
Anterior pituitary[1]
Example[1]
The gland cells of the anterior pituitary gland are arranged in a cord mass shape and connected to each other to form a network. There are abundant blood sinuses in the mesh.The glandular parenchyma is composed of three types of cells: main cells, eosinophils and basophils.The main cells are light colored granules with the largest number, which are cells that lose their ability to secrete;The eosinophil body is large, contains eosinophil particles, and can secrete growth hormone, which can cause acromegaly or gigantism in case of hyperfunction, and dwarfism (dwarfism) in case of hypofunction;The basophils are the largest and mostly distributed around the anterior lobe. The cells contain alkaline particles and can secrete thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone and gonadotropin.
Hypophysis anterior
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Hypofunction syndrome occurs when the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary cannot meet the needs of the basic or physiological, stress and other conditions of the human body.Most of them showed hypofunction of one or several hormones, and a few showed deficiency of all pituitary hormones.The disease caused by the pituitary gland itself is called primary, while the disease caused by the hypothalamus, pituitary stalk and other diseases causes the deficiency of various anterior hormone releasing hormones is called secondary.
Etiology: ① tumor.Pituitary adenoma is the most common, about 50%;Craniopharyngioma is more common in children;Others such as meningioma. ②Surgery, trauma and overexposure. ③Avascular necrosis of anterior pituitary.It is mostly caused by massive hemorrhage after dystocia (see Sheehan's syndrome, Simon's syndrome and hypopituitarism after childbirth for details). ④other.Autoimmune disease, invasive or infectious disease, idiopathic (unknown cause), etc.
The clinical manifestation depends on the degree of pituitary destruction and function.It is generally estimated that more than 50% of the tissues are damaged before they begin to have symptoms. 75% of the tissues are damaged when the symptoms are obvious, and 95% of the tissues are damaged when the symptoms are serious.In addition to the manifestations of space occupying lesion itself, it can cause multiple or certain anterior pituitary hormone deficiency, resulting in secondary hypogonadism of gonad, adrenal cortex, and thyroid, and thus a series of corresponding clinical manifestations.Laboratory examination: the levels of pituitary endocrine hormones (TSH, LH, FSH, ACTH, GH, ADH, etc.) and corresponding target hormones were decreased by blood glucose, electrolyte and water metabolism function examination.
Pituitary adenoma
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Anterior pituitary cell tumors are called pituitary adenomas.Pituitary tumors account for about 10% of brain tumors, most of which are benign, while malignant tumors are rare.The pendulous tumors were classified into chromophobe, eosinophil, basophil and mixed according to cell staining and morphology.Recently, it has been found by histochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and electron microscopy that pituitary tumors can be divided into pituitary hormone secreting cell tumors and non secreting tumors.The main clinical symptoms of pituitary adenoma are: the enlargement of the tumor body compresses the adjacent normal pituitary tissue, causing the corresponding hormone secretion reduction;The compression of the surrounding pituitary tissue causes headache, vision loss, visual field defect and oculomotor nerve paralysis;Pituitary adenoma secretes too much hormone, which causes hyperfunction.The determination of hormone in blood can understand the functional state of pituitary adenoma and the pressure of pituitary gland itself. The butterfly X-ray section and CT examination are effective and accurate localization methods.Pituitary tumors are mostly treated by surgery nowadays. The improvement of transsphenoidal surgery and microsurgery not only improves the safety of surgery, but also improves the success rate of surgery. Despite this, nearly half of patients still need radiotherapy after surgery.In recent years, Bromocriptin, a dopamine agonist, has been discovered, which is a specific drug for prolactinoma and has created a new way for the treatment of pituitary tumors.
