Tuber（tuber）It is a botanical term.It is a kind of metamorphosis of plant stem, which is massive, so it is called tuber.Since it is a stem, it has the main characteristics of plant stems, such as buds, leaf scars, etc.The potato we often eat is the most typical tuber.UndergroundMetamorphous stemOne of them is a transverse stem with shortened internode, which has different shapes, and is often fleshy and expanded in irregular blocks. It is stored as starch, sugar, etccarbohydrate。In case of re growth in the next year.The root system occurs from the bottom of the tuber, and the node is sunken downward like an eye socket, and the bud grows in it but is not obvious,Squama leafDegenerate or fall early, such asbanxia, gastrodia elata, potato, etc.
Tuber (kuaijing)Underground metamorphosis stemOne of.an underground stemThe end forms an expanded and irregular block, which is suitable for storing nutrients and overwinteringMetamorphous stem。The top is fat, with developedParenchyma, well stockedNutrients。There are many on the surface of the tuberBud eyeIt is generally arranged in a spiral shape, and there are 2-3 in the bud eyeAxillary budOnly one of the axillary buds is easy to germinate and can grow new branches, so the tuber can be used for reproduction.The top of the tuber has aterminal bud, such as potato tubers.PotatoUnderground branchIt grows creeping in the soil layer, and when it is 9~12cm long, its end expands to form a thick tuber with short internodes.On the growing tuber, there arePeriderm, there are a fewLenticel。TuberousCross sectionThe upper part can also be divided into cortex and outer partPhloem、XylemThe inner phloem and the central pith.From the appearance or structure, it can be explained that it is the metamorphosis of the stem.
It can be eaten by humans, fed to animals, and made into starch forfood industryAnd non food industries, which have broad prospects for development.
reproduction
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tuberterminal budThe propagation should be carried out in March April. The tubers with strong terminal buds should be 6-8 cm long and cut with a sharp knifeLateral bud2-3, as breeding material;Or use the lateral buds of tubers for propagation. In March April, cut the tubers with lateral buds 3-5 cm long with a sharp knife as propagation materials.
3. In inorganic minerals, potassium and chlorine content is high, but calcium and phosphorus content is low.
4. RichCarotene。Ruhuang XinSweet potatoAnd pumpkinCarrotThe carotene content in carrots is as high as 500 mg/kg（Dry matter）Other categories are very few.
sweet potatoRattan leaves, green and juicy, good palatability, can be beaten or chopped, mixedBranFeed pigs, or feed cattle whole or cut short.PotatoStem and leafNo direct fresh feedinglivestock, which shall be fed after scalding.Cassava leaves contain high protein, and the effect of drying and powdered feeding pigs is very good.Canna rootStems and leaves, cut before frost, can be cut short and fed fresh;If the number of stems and leaves is large and cannot be fed in a short time, it can be adjusted assilageMaterials.The stems and leaves of potatoes smell bad, and should be mixed with otherGreen fodderMixed silage.
When the sweet potato is cooked and fed to pigs, its protein digestibility is twice that of raw sweet potato, and pigs grow fast.After cooking, the palatability and digestibility can be improved, but raw potatoes can be used to feed cattle and horses.
Cassava contains a certain amount ofHydrocyanic acidIn order to prevent livestock poisoning, slices should be dried and powdered, and boiled for 3-4 hours before eating.cassavaRaw food, detoxification treatment is also required;Canna rootBefore the frost fallsAerial stemThe leaves shall be cut 10~15cm above the ground, and the straw shall be covered on the ground to prevent freezing. It shall be used whenever needed.
Although tubersFeed cropGood palatability, but it cannot be replacedConcentrate, but only as livestockSupplementary feedGreen feed and energy concentrate.Generally, it is mainly used for feeding fattening pigs, horses, cattle and sheep, and the amount should be limited, especially cassava. When it is used for feeding pigs, the amount should not exceedRations1/3, the feeding amount of cattle should not be too much, otherwise, it will easily cause diarrhea, or even poisoning.
Take strict precautions against poisoning
(1) AntiBlack spot sweet potato poisoning。Sweet potatoes should be well preserved. For this reason, go into the cellarForecellarThe interior should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, the temperature in the cellar should be kept at 11~15 ℃, and it should be used correctlyPreservative；Get rid of it completelySweet potato black spotPart, and timely buried or burned;Cattle, sheep and pigs are strictly prohibitedBlack spotSweet potato, dried potato, potato skin, powder residue and water boiled with black spot sweet potato.
(2) AntiPotato poisoning。Sprouting or rotten potatoes can be fed only after the buds are removed and boiled;Do not let livestock drinkBoiled potatoWe can't use boiled potato water to mix feed.
(3) AntiCassava poisoning。Both raw and cooked cassava must be detoxified first;The residue after cassava processing is not much toxic and can be fed directly.
