Sao Tom é Island isSao Tome and PrincipeOne of the two main islands.be locatedAfricaWest CoastGulf of Guinea, 240 km from the mainland, andPrincipeMore than 150 kilometers away, close toequator, shaped likeellipseWith an area of 836 square kilometers.The capital of the Republic of Sao Tome and PrincipeSao TomeIt's on the northeast coast of the island.About 90% of the population of Sao Tome and Principe live inSao Tome, the residents are mainlyBantu people, the rest areMixed race, the official language isPortuguese。
Sao Tome Island is a volcanic island. The highlands above 500 meters above sea level account for the whole islandthe measure of area2/5 of.Here, mountains rise and fallpeakThere are 12, the highestSao Tomepeakaltitude2024m.mountain ridgeThere are still primitive forests in the center.It is only 5 kilometers away from the equator in the south,climateIt is humid and rainy, and the annual rainfall on the south slope can reach 7000millimeter, forAfricarainyregionone of.There is neither heat nor cold winter on the island,all over the mountains and plainsThe trees are lush and luxuriant. No matter in the morning or in the afternoon, the mountain top is always surrounded by clouds and mist. From afar, it looks like a gauze hanging on the top of the trees.The clouds and fog meettreeOn the leavescondensationThey become crystal beads and roll down on the ground, gathering into flowing springs and waterfalls.Therefore, the mountain streams are murmuringYear-roundContinuously, hundreds of twists and turns are gatheredrivers。There is no labor hereCarveOfmark, without citiesClamorandcontaminated, some arenatural beautyAnd make peoplebe intoxicatedOfpoetic charm。In particular, at the southern end of Sao Tome Island, the coastline is zigzag and changeable, the waves are beating against the cliffs and rocks, the sea water is scouring the soft beach, and the coconut trees areSea breezeinSway，One factiontropiccoastalScenery。When the Portuguese first visited Sao Tome in 1470GorgeousWhen the scenery is beautiful, I can't help itgiveIt is called "Green Island".Architecture"Good Hope" halfway up the mountainhotel”There are two floors. The lower floor has a large living room, which is the best place to view.Standing in the living room and leaning against the railing,the fundus oculiIt is a scene of boundless darkness and clouds.Nevis, on the north shore of the islandnearby, there is a flat pebble beachportuguesefirstlandThe place.ColonistA stone tablet with a length of 3 meters and a width of more than 2 meters was erected there to record the number of people who landed at that time and their journey.ThisHandwritingvagueOfstone tabletNow it has become the history of invaderswitness。
On December 21, 1470, when Portuguese navigators first came here, they landed from a flat pebble beach on the north coast of Sao Tome Island.Because this day happened to be St. Thomas Day in Christianity, the island was named St. Thomas Island.In 1522, Sao Tome and Principe was officially declared as a Portuguese colony. The Portuguese opened a plantation here, and kidnapped nearly 30000 slaves from all over West Africa to force them to work on the plantation.In the 17th and 18th centuries, it was occupied by the Netherlands and France.In 1878, it was recaptured by the Portuguese and operated a large plantation here.In 1951, Portugal designated it as an overseas province. Under the cruel treatment of the colonists, no one who came to the island could return alive.Therefore, Sao Tome was once known as the "Island of Death".In September 1960, the "Sao Tome and Principe Liberation Committee" was established, leading the liberation struggle of local residents.On July 12, 1975, Portugal was forced to recognize the independence of Sao Tome and Principe.
In 1990, the Constitution was passed by referendum and a multi-party system was implemented.In January 1991, the "Sao Tome and Principe" and the Democratic Unity Party won the parliamentary election and became the ruling party. The non party figure Mi Tro Wada was elected president.In December 1992, in the local council election, the opposition party "Sao Tome and Principe" liberation movement - the Social Democratic Party won.On August 15, 1995, a military coup took place in Sao Tome and Principe, establishing a military regime, and the President and Prime Minister were arrested.On August 21, the coup failed. The parliament announced a special amnesty order to pardon the soldiers who participated in the coup, and the President and Prime Minister were both reinstated.In January 1996, a new government was established, which mainly focused on the "liberation of the front" and absorbed the opposition.In July 1996, Trovada won the presidential election and was re elected.Since then, the head of government has changed several times.
Sao TomenaturalconditionSuperior, fertile soil, plusrainfallAbundant, very suitable for cocoa, etccash cropOfgrow，sincenineteenth centurySao Tome and Principe the peopleAfter the introduction of cocoa, it was widely planted on the island, and cocoa became the main cash crop on the island.In 1908, Sao Tome became the largest cocoa producing area in the world, and cocoa was the most important crop in the country.Besides cocoa, the island is also rich inBanana、Coffee、Oil palmandCoconut。
