Thuringia (German: Freistaat Th ü ringen)GermanyOne ofFederal State, with an area of about 16200square kilometre, ranked 11th among the federal states;The population is 2.45 million, ranking the twelfth.The state capital isElford。Thuringia is well covered with green vegetation, and in central Germany, it is called "the green heart of Germany".
The most famous landform in Thuringia is in the southwest of the stateThüringer Wald (Th ü ringer Wald), there is a long and narrow mountain range in the south of Thuringia, which extends from northwest to southeast. The famous Thuringia forest is distributed here, and the dense forest accounts for 1/3 of the total area of the state.The northwest includesHarz Mountains A small part of.The east is generally a plain area.Sal RiverIt flows from south to north.In fertile landThuringia BasinShanghai is rich in wheat andbeetAround Elford, the capital, flowers and vegetables are mainly planted.
The name of Thuringian comes from the Thuringian people who settled here in the third century A.D. Thuringian was ruled by the Franks in the sixth century A.DHoly Roman EmpirePart of.
After the extermination of the earl who ruled the place in 1247 and the War of Succession to the Throne of Thuringia (1247-1264), the western half of Thuringia became Hessen independently and never became a part of Thuringia again.Most of the remaining parts of Thuringia are from the nearbyThe Weiding DynastyThe rule of the later Saxony andKingdom of Saxony The core of.With the split of the Wedding Dynasty in 1485, Thuringia was inherited by the Ernst family, and then divided among male heirs according to Saxony traditionRight of inheritance, willLand subdivisionFor a series of states, they areThe Weiding family, Ernst Ting, is a member of various states。They include Saxony-Weimar , Saxony-Eisenach, Saxony-Jena、Saxony Menningen、Saxony Altenburg, Saxony-CoburgAnd Saxony-Gotha。"Thuringia" has only become a geographical concept.
In 1806, Napoleon helpedThe Federation of RhineSome territorial changes began to take place, andcongress of vienna (1814-15)German Confederation It is determined.German EmpireThe so-called Thuringian states in China include Saxony Weimar Eisenach, Saxony Meiningen, Saxony Altenberg, Saxony Coburg Gotha and other countries.
stayWorld War IPost 1920Weimar Republic These tiny states merged into one state, called Thuringia;Only Saxony Coburg voted to joinBavaria。Weimar Become the new capital of Thuringia.In July 1945, ThuringiaSoviet UnionOccupy and absorb the Saxony area of Prussia, such asElford, M ü hlhausen andnordhausen Etc.ElfordBecome the new capital of Thuringia.In 1952,German Democratic RepublicDissolve its state branch and organize the administrative district (Bezirke) to replace it.The three districts of Erfurt, Gra andSurDivide up the territory of Thuringia.When East and West Germany were reunified in 1990, Thuringia was restored as a state after slightly modifying the border.
Thuringia's industry is famous for Carl Zeiss Optics of Jena, Jena's glass and Eisenach's automobile factory.
Jena Zeiss optical instrument industry in the period of the People's Republic of Germany was divided into two companies after the unification of Germany, one is New JenaCarl Zeiss , mainly producing traditional optical products, such as telescopes and microscopes;The other is Jenaindustrial center , which is a state owned enterprise, and its 51% shares wereWest GermanyPurchase by ZEISS.
Asautomotive industry Eisenach in the center mainly produced "Waltelberg" cars during the period of the People's Republic of Germany. After the unification of Germany, this brand of cars was no longer produced.The German Opel Automobile Company has set up a branch factory here, which only produces Opel automobiles.
In addition to the optical industry and automobile industry, Thuringia's familyHandmadeOur toys are also famous in the world.Besides, Thuringianeconomic structurestayUnification of Germany and GermanyAfter that, it was thoroughly adjusted,Machinery manufacturing, automobile manufacturingmicroelectronics, ceramic industry and environmental protection technology have become promising industries in the state.
Cultural characteristics
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Turin has eradicated the charming natural scenery, and many of its medieval towns are worthy of the name of cultural holy land.
Walter CastleTranslated by Martin LutherGermanThe place of the Bible.Noble houses, churches andMonasteryRow upon row, it can be calledarchitectural artAn open-air museum.Historic cityWeimar is GermanyClassical schoolWhere writers gather, Martin Luther, Kranach and Bach have made outstanding contributions to Weimar.The great writers Weilander, Goethe, Hedel and Schiller all lived here, and they laid the foundation for Weimar's reputation.In 1919,Weimarer Verfassung It was passed here, which gave birth toHistory of GermanyWeimar Republic, the first German Republic in the last century.In Weimar, there is a "modelingUniversity of Arts”Today, it has become a German arthandicraft industryA teaching place integrated with technology.
In Germany, Thuringia is known as the hometown of music. There are many theatersopera house。In 1685, Bach was born in EisenachMusical family。Since the 17th century, the musical instrument manufacturing industry in Klingental and Manau, ThuringiaKielXingdi and Xingdi occupy an important position.Catholic church music was also born here.
