synonymInternational Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies(International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies) Generally refers to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) was founded in 1919.[1]
The organization is a volunteer rescue organization all over the world, which aims to promote“International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement”Is the largest and most influential similar organization in the world, except for many countriesLegislative safeguardsIn addition to its special position, the Red Cross often cooperates closely with the government and the army during the war.
Chinese name
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Foreign name
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies was founded in 1919.[1]
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, IFRC,Arabic: إحددددويجممي, صصيي, حمم, ِوه, حمم, حمُ, 6) (Founded as League of Red Cross Societies) is an international humanitarian organizationinternational committee of the red cross(ICC), National Associations（Red Cross SocietyorRed Crescent Society）TogetherInternational Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement。The organization was founded in 1919 and headquartered in SwitzerlandGeneva。It is responsible for coordinating the activities of national associations to "improve the lives of vulnerable groups by mobilizing humanitarian forces".At the international level, the Federation works closely with national associations to lead and organize large-scale emergency rescue.
In 1919, BritainFrance、Italy、JapanAnd representatives of the National Red Cross Society of the United States gathered in FranceParis, established the League of Red Cross Societies (LORCS) with the purpose of "strengthening and uniting existing Red Cross Societies and promoting the establishment of new ones for the sake of health activities" (English: to strengthen and unite,For health activities, already existing Red Cross Societies and to promote the creation of new Societies).He won the leagueDirector GeneralBritish Army officer).This move led by the American Red Cross transcendsinternational committee of the red crossThe strict mission of ICC has expandedInternational Red CrossAthleticScope of activitiesIncluding emergency situations (such as man-made or natural disasters) caused by non armed conflict.The experience of the American Red Cross in major disaster relief can be traced back to its founding.
The establishment of the Alliance has brought a series of disputes.The International Committee of the Red Cross has, to a certain extent, raised legitimate concerns about possible competition between the two organizations.The establishment of the Alliance was seen as an attempt to undermine the role of the International Committee of the Red Cross inInternational Red CrossAnd gradually transfer tasks and authorities to multilateral institutions.In addition, all founding members of the Alliance are national associations of the Entente countries or their partner countries.Since May 1919, the originalStatuteIt further stipulates that the five founding associations enjoy privileged status, and due to the efforts of Henry Davidson, the five founding associations also enjoy the permanent exclusion of allies (GermanyAustria、Hungary、BulgariaAnd Turkey)Red Cross Societyas well asRussiaThe right of the National Red Cross Society to join the Alliance.These rules violate the principles of the Red CrossuniversalityEquality, resulting ininternational committee of the red crossFurther concerns.
The first rescue mission of the Alliance is rescuepolandFamine and subsequentTyphusEpidemic situation.Just five years after its establishment, the Alliance launched 47 appeals for aid missions in 34 countries, which shows thathuman societyThe need for such Red Cross work.These appeals raised 685 million yuanCHF, used to rescue Russia, Germany andAlbaniaFaminevictim，Chile, Persia, JapanColumbia、Ecuador、Costa Rica, earthquake victims in Turkey, andGreeceAnd refugee flows in Turkey.The first large-scale disaster relief mission of the Alliance took place in Japan in 1923Great Kanto earthquake Later, the earthquake killed about 200000 people, and brought countless injured and homeless people.Through the coordination of the Alliance,Red Cross Society of JapanMaterials worth up to US $100 million were obtained from sister associations.Another important new area launched by the Alliance is the creation of youth Red Cross work in national associations.
Alliance andinternational committee of the red crossThe joint action during the 1917-1922 Russian civil war markedInternational Red CrossThe movement intervened in the internal conflict, althoughGeneva Convention There is no clear requirement in.With the support of more than 25 national associations, the Alliance has organized relief missions and distributed food and other items to civilians affected by hunger and diseaseAid。The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Russian Red CrossSoviet UnionRed Cross SocietyCooperation and constant emphasis on the role of the International Committee of the Red Crossneutrality 。In 1928, the International Council was established to coordinate the cooperation between the League and the International Committee of the Red Cross. Later, this task was transferred to“Standing Committee”（Standing Commission）。In 1928, a common statute of the International Red Cross Movement was adopted, which definedinternational committee of the red crossAnd the Alliance in the International Red Cross Movement.
1935-1936AbyssiniaDuring the war, the Alliance invested 1.7 million yuanCHFCarry out rescue supply.Thanks to ItalyMussolinifascistThe regime refused to cooperate with the Red Cross in any way, and these materials were only released to Abyssinia.During the war, it is estimated that 29 people were killed under the clear protection of the Red Cross sign, most of whom were attacked by the Italian army.From 1936 to 1939spanish civil war During this period, with the support of 41 national associationsinternational committee of the red crossJoint action.In 1939the Second World WarOn the eve of the outbreak, the Alliance moved its headquarters from ParisGenevaTo enjoy SwitzerlandneutralConvenience brought by status.
In the 1960s, decolonization led to the recognition of national Red Cross societies andRed Crescent SocietySignificant increase in quantity.At the end of the 1960s, there were more than 100 national associations in the world.On December 10, 1963, the Federation (still known at that time)“Red Cross SocietyAlliance ") andinternational committee of the red crossJointly obtainedThe Nobel Peace Prize。
In 1983, the Alliance was renamed as "League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies" (English: League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies), reflecting thatRed Crescent Increase in the number of national associations carrying out activities under.1986, 1965International Red Cross and Red Crescent MovementThe seven basic principles of the Federation are enshrined in its statute.In 1991, the organization was renamed again as "International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies" (English: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies).In 1997,international committee of the red crossSigned a contract with the FederationSeville Agreement(English: Seville Agreement), further defined the responsibilities of both parties in the campaign.
After the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, the Federation began its largest mission to date.More than 40 national associations and more than 22000 volunteers have provided assistance to countless victims who are homeless, lack food and under threat of the epidemic.
From June 19 to 21, 2022, the 23rd General Assembly of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies was held in Geneva, Switzerland.The theme of this session is "local action, global influence", and the content of the session includes trust, integrity, localization, voluntary service, and strengthening investment in the development of the National Red Cross Society.[9]
On August 28, 2023, the President of the International Committee of the Red Cross, Miriana Shpoliaric, received an interview from the Chinese media at the headquarters of the International Committee of the Red Cross in Geneva, informing them of her visit to China.During his stay in China, Shpolyarich will attend the Nightingale Award Ceremony and a series of high-level meetings, unveil the photo exhibition commemorating the 160th anniversary of the founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and will also go to Suzhou to participate in activities organized by the International Academy of the Red Cross.[14]
Organizational system
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Institutional setup
(1) General Assembly: the highest authority, composed of representatives of the Red Cross Societies of its member countries, held once every two years;
(2) Leading Committee: the highest level of the General Assembly during the closing perioddecision-making body, composed of the President, 5 Vice Presidents and 20 members of the National Red Cross Society;
(3) Secretariat: responsible for daily work.The Secretary General is the highestexecutive, recommended by the leading committee and appointed by the chairman.[1]
Organization Members
191.[11]
Organization purpose
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Encourage, encourage, assist and promote the Red Cross Societies of all countries to carry out various forms of humanitarian activities aimed at preventing and alleviating human suffering, thus contributing to the maintenance and promotion of world peace.[1]
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
(1) Humanity:International Red Cross and Red Crescent MovementIt is intended to provideNon discriminatory treatmentIt should be based on its international and national functions to prevent and mitigate the presence of human beings anywherepain。Its purpose is to protect life and health;To ensure respect for mankind and promote mutual understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting peace among the world.
(2) Impartiality: It does not depend on nationality, racereligious belief, class or political opinion.When it is committed to relieving individual suffering, it acts according to their needs and gives priority to particularly urgent suffering cases.
(3) Neutral: In order to continue to gain the trust of all parties, the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement shall not take a position of supporting one of them in any hostile situation, and shall not be involved in any political, racial, religious orideologyDisputes of nature.
(4) Independence:International Red Cross and Red Crescent MovementIt has its independence.CountriesRed Cross SocietyAlthough it is an auxiliary agency of its government in humanitarian services and needs to comply with the laws of each country, it should remain foreverAutonomyTo follow the principles of the Red Cross Movement at any time.
（5）VolunteeringVoluntary Service: The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a voluntary rescue movement and does not seek any interests.
(6) Unity: Each country can only have one Red Cross Society.It must be open to the whole country and carry out humanitarian work throughout its territory.
(7) Universal:International Red Cross and Red Crescent MovementThroughout the world, the Red Cross Societies have equal status and share the same responsibilities and obligations for mutual assistance.
Publicize the principles of the Red Cross Movement, provide disaster relief,preparedness And cooperate with national Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies to carry out various humanitarian work.[1]
external relations
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Relations with China
On November 12-15, 2014, the 19th General Assembly of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies was held in Sydney, Australia. The Assembly elected a new President, Vice President and members of the Leadership Committee.Current Executive Vice President of the Red Cross Society of ChinaZhao BaigeHe was elected Vice President of the Asia Pacific region of the organization.
October 21-23, 2015, China National School of Administrationcontingency managementTraining centerRandy International Think Tank, Chinese Academy of Social SciencesThe project, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the International Committee of the Red Cross and others jointly hosted the International Conference on "Jointly Responding to Challenges Faced by Humanitarian Assistance" in BeijingSeminar。Zhao Baige, Vice Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress and Chairman of the Expert Committee of the Randy International Think Tank Project of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, attended and delivered a speech.
President of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 25-27 October 2015Tadateru Konoe During his visit to China, Chen Zhu, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and President of the Red Cross Society of China, met with him in Beijing.Jin Wei Zhonghui and Attended the Asia Pacific National Red Cross Conferencecapacity building Closing ceremony of the training class, investigationBeijing Red Cross Society。
December 8-10, 2015, the 32nd sessionInternational Conference of the Red Cross and Red CrescentHeld in Geneva.Li Yuanchao, Vice President of China and Honorary President of the Red Cross Society of China, delivered a video address.Chen Zhu, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and President of the Red Cross Society of China, and Ambassador Wu Hailong, Permanent Representative in Geneva, led the delegation of the Red Cross Society of China and the delegation of the Chinese government to attend the meeting and deliver speeches.Morrell, President of the International Committee of the Red Cross, and Zhong Hui Jin, President of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies attended and delivered speeches.
On May 8, 2016, the International Committee of the Red Cross, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the Red Cross Society of China jointly held the theme of World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day in BeijingreceptionVice President and Secretary General of the Red Cross Society of ChinaWang PingAttend the reception and deliver a speech.
On September 27-30, 2016, Asi, Secretary General of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, visited the Red Cross Society of China, and Chen Zhu, President of the Red Cross Society of China, met with him.
On May 13-17, 2017, Ashi, Secretary General of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, was invited to China to attend"Belt and Road" International Cooperation Summit Forum。During the meeting, Li Yuanchao, Vice President of the State and Honorary President of the Red Cross Society of China, met with him.
On May 15, 2017,Red Cross Society of ChinaJointly held the "Love Bicycle" project with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in BeijingLaunching ceremony。Chen Zhu, President of the Red Cross Society of China, and Asi, Secretary General of the Federation attended the event.
From November 6 to 11, 2017, the 21st General Assembly of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesturkeyAntalyaThe meeting will elect a new chairman, vice chairman and members of the leadership committee.Chen Zhu, President of the Red Cross Society of China, was successfully re elected as Vice President of the organization at the meeting for a term of four years.
On April 18-19, 2018, the 10th Central and Northeast Africa Regional Conference of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies was held in Iraq. Chen Zhu, Vice President of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and President of the Red Cross Society of China, was invited to attend the conference.
On November 10-15, 2018, the 10th Asia Pacific Regional Conference of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies was held in Manila, Philippines.Chen Zhu, Vice President of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and President of the Red Cross Society of China, led a delegation to attend the meeting, which adopted the Manila Declaration.
From August 31 to September 2, 2019, Rocca, President of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, came to China to attend the founding ceremony of the International Academy of the Red Cross and the opening ceremony of the 11th National Congress of the Red Cross Society of China.During the meeting, Yang Jiechi, member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and head of the Office of the Central Foreign Affairs Working Committee, met with him.
From December 5 to 7, 2019, the 22nd General Assembly of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies was held in Geneva, Switzerland, with a delegation led by Chen Zhu, Vice President of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and President of the Red Cross Society of China.The meeting discussed and adopted the 2030 Strategy.
The 33rd International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent was held in Geneva from December 9 to 12, 2019.The theme of the conference is "act now and shape the future".Chen Zhu, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and President of the Red Cross Society of China, attended the meeting.The meeting discussed and passed a number of resolutions on issues such as the protection of victims of armed conflict by international humanitarian law, attention to vulnerable groups, and trust building in humanitarian action.
From June 19 to 21, 2022, the 23rd General Assembly of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies was held in Geneva, Switzerland. Chen Zhu, Vice President of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and President of the Red Cross Society of China, led a delegation to participate.The Henry Davidson Award representing the highest honor of the International Federation will be awarded to the Red Cross Society of China, which is the first time that the Red Cross Society of China has won this honor.[3][10]
From February 23 to 24, 2023, at the invitation of the East Asia Regional Representative Office of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the Secretary General of the Federation, Jopagan, will visit China.Chen Zhu, President of the Red Cross Society of China, met.[12]
Relations with the government
becauseRed Cross SocietyWartimeSpecial statusTherefore, even though the spirit of the Red Cross Society requires "neutrality" outside politics and "independence" from the government, the Red Cross Societies in many countries have national leaders as honorary leaders, but the actualagentMany are also transferred from government officials or have very close relationships.
Leading members
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The main responsible persons are the President and the Secretary General. The President is the highest leader of the International Federation, and the Secretary General is the Chief Executive.The current chairman is Kate Forbes (American nationality), who will take office in December 2023.The current Secretary General is Jagan Chapagain (Nepalese nationality), who took office in February 2020.[13]
Asia Pacific region (includingMiddle East）Vice Chairman: Maha Bazas（KuwaitSecretary General of the Red Crescent Society)
Vice President of the African Region: Boraj Akan Anani（NigeriaPresident of the Red Cross Society)
Vice President of the Americas: Miguel Veralore（VenezuelaVice President of the Red Cross Society)
Vice President of the European Region: Nataya Lolaze（GeorgiaPresident of the Red Cross Society)[9]
U.S.A
President: Marsha Johnson Evans: former lieutenant general
Chairman: Lieutenant General Zhu Weiliang, former commander of the three armed forces, stationed inAustraliaRepresentative of the Supreme CommissionerFijiambassador
President: Dr. rer. pol. h.c. Rudolf Seiters, former Chief Vice President of the Federal Parliament and Minister of the Interior
Switzerland
President: Prof. Dr. iur. Ren é Rhinow, former President of the Senate
britain
President: HRH The Prince Of Wales, King of England
organization
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Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
“Red Cross Society”This noun represents three names at the same time.Generally speaking, according to the "universal" principle of the Red Cross, almost all countries have regional Red Cross Societies orRed Crescent SocietyUnder the principle of "unity", there is only one Red Cross Society in a country.But HenryDunanCreated“international committee of the red cross”, still operating, and in accordance withGeneva Convention And relatedprotocolTo provide humanitarian assistance and supervise the treatment of prisoners of war.The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is responsible for coordinating national Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies,Transnational rescuenatural disasterRefugees.
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the International Committee of the Red Cross arethe United NationsOfobserver。
international union
The highest deliberative body of the International Federation is the biennial International FederationGeneral Assembly（General Assembly）。And coordinate with other major conferences and representative meetings of the movement:
Held every two yearsInternational Red Cross and Red Crescent MovementCouncil of Delegates Meetings, all components of the movement - International Conference, Standing Committeeinternational committee of the red cross、international unionRed Cross Societies of all countries can submit proposals to the congress, participate in discussions and decide on relevant matters on an equal footing.However, the Conference shall not give, adopt or make opinions, resolutions or decisions that contradict the decisions already adopted by the International Assembly.
The representative meeting is usually held after the biennial General Assembly of the International Federation.The General Assembly and the Delegates' Meeting constitute the Red CrossRed CrescentRed Cross Red Crescent Statutory Meetings.In the year when the quadrennial International Congress is held, the representative meeting is held after the General Assembly of the Federation and before the International Congress.The Conference of Representatives is responsible for proposing candidates to preside over the International Assembly and fill other vacancies.The Conference of Representatives is also responsible for formulating the provisional agenda of the International Assembly.
On November 12, 2013, the 19th General Assembly of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the representative meeting of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement were held in AustraliaSydneyConvention and Exhibition Centeropen.Accepted by the General AssemblyCyprus、South SudanThe two national Red Cross Societies are new members of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.So far, there are 189 Red Cross Societies in the member countries of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
Regional AssemblyIt is a statutory meeting stipulated in the Constitution of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, which is held every four years.On October 22, 2014, the 9th International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesAsia PacificThe General AssemblyBeijing International HotelHeld, 42 Asia PacificMiddle EastRepresentatives of regional national Red Cross Societies, three international organizations and 11 observer national Red Cross Societies, including the United States and the United Kingdom, attended the meeting.On October 17, 2010, the 8th Asia Pacific Regional ConferenceJordanAmmanConvening.
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiessecretariatLocated atGeneva。The organization also has five regional offices and many representative offices around the world.The Secretariat is responsible for handling routine affairs and organizational changes.The highest organ of the Federation is a biennial general meeting attended by representatives of all the national Red Cross Societies.The General Assembly elects the President of the Federation.The Council consists of the President and Vice President of the Federationfinance committeeIt is composed of the President and the elected representatives of 20 national Red Cross Societies.
sign
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Red Cross Society"Red Cross" (includingRed CrescentandRed crystal, hereinafter referred to as the Red Cross) is a proprietary mark《Geneva Convention 》The Red Cross has the effect of international law. In non wartime, it can only be used by national Red Cross Societies, International Committees and International Federations. In wartime, it can be used as a protective sign for medical personnel in the field. No armed forces may attack vehicles, personnel and facilities that mark the Red Cross. Otherwise, it is an ex officio war criminal.
Since the cross is a Christian symbol, Muslims are reluctant to adopt it.The new moon wasthe international red crossadmit.
Red Lion and Sun Society logo
Red Lion and Sun Club Logo
AndRed CrescentIn the same period,Persian Empire The traditional lion and sun patterns were adopted, which were discarded laterRed Crescent 。The sign is still valid, but it is no longer used.
Red Star of David
Red "Star of David" logo
IsraelThis sign was requested, but was not obtainedRed Cross SocietyThe reason for approval is that after this precedent is set, various organizations will ask for their own logo.Therefore, the sign is not a valid Red Cross symbol.
Red Crystal
Red crystal logo
The logo is the latest one and was officially launched on January 4, 2007.
Related reports
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The latest report released by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies on October 16, 2012 shows that the number of forced displacement or migration in the world has exceeded 72 million, accounting for aboutWorld population1% of.
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies released the 2012 World Disaster Report on the 16th, which made a detailed analysis of forced migration and displacement.The report points out that due to various complicated driving factorspopulation sizeIt is increasing. Among the 72 million displaced persons, about 20 million are in long-term displacement.
Matthias Schmale, Deputy Secretary General of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, said that the causes of this phenomenon not only include negative factors such as violence, disasters and political turmoil, but also can be large-scale development and development projects.
"Statistics show that in 2011, 43 million people fled their homes due to conflict, and about 50 million people were displaced due to disastersdevelopment projects And the relationship between infrastructure projects including dam construction.According to the report, the number of people forced to relocate due to such projects is about 50 million. "Schmailer said.
According to the report, the growing resistance of politicians and the public to the relief of the displaced may be the reason whydisadvantagedProvide better and long-termHumanitarian assistanceThe main obstacles.
The report points out that many countries believe that in order to avoidpolitical issueThe pain of forced migrants being excluded by society is an unfortunate but worthwhile price to pay.
Red Cross SocietyAndRed Crescent SocietySecretary General of the United NationsBekele Geleta pointed out that governments need to formulate and adopt new policies and strategies to recognize the rights of forced migrants and help them integrate into their communities, rather than become social outcasts.
According to the report, 2011 was caused by global disastersproperty lossThe year with the highest number of disasters is also the year with the lowest number of disasters.According to statistics, there were 336 disaster events in the world in 2011, causing losses of US $365.5 billion;Only in March 2011, the earthquake and tsunami in Japan caused losses of 210 billion dollars, accounting for nearly half of the total.[6]
According to reports, 2021Global Royal Joint Committee(NGO) was established. The committee maintains a unified consensus with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and actively participates in cross-border, ethnic and religious activitiesHumanitarian reliefactivity。[8]
