According to the shape of mouth and lip, Chinese phonologistsFinalsDivided intoOpening call、even teeth、closed mouth、rhymes containing a rounded front vowelFour types, used to refer toModern ChineseOfPrepositionSystem, collectively referred to as "four call".The name of "Sihu" was first seen in the Phonology Chart of the late Ming Dynasty, and later in the Qing Dynasty·Pan Lei·《Onomatopoeia》, the name of the fourth call is still used.
Modern Chinese phonetics is based on finalsRhymeorMetrical abdomenTo determine the fourth call.
The "Four Call" is a nationalTraditional LinguisticsThe term on the.Phonologists divide vowels intoOpening、ClosureTwo types, each divided intobroad soundandToneless。The Kaikou Hongyin is called "Kaikou Hu", the Kaikou Xiaoyin is called "Qichi Hu", the Hekou Hongyin is called "Hekou Hu", and the Hekou Xiaoyin is called "Tuo Kou Hu".
Sihu and Modern ChineseAncient ChineseOfWaiting for callConnected.Generally speaking, "Koukou" corresponds to "Koukou" in the Middle Ages;Closing calls correspond to the first and second class of closing calls;Qiqihu corresponds to opening two, three, four, etc;The group call corresponds to the third and fourth class of mouth closing.
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Sihu, this is a relatively late term (about fromLate Ming and Early Qing）, and“Fourth class”Don't confuse them.The so-called four calls refer to the opening call (opening call), closing call (closing call), Qichi call (Qi call) and Chukou call (Chukou call).In the Song Dynastyrime tableIn the middle, there are only opening and closing."Sihu" is to divide "opening" into two categories - opening and teeth alignment, and "closing" into two categories - closing and pinching.According to the traditional saying, opening one or two is to open one's mouth, opening three or four is to say the same thing, closing one or two is to close one's mouth, and closing three or four is to make one's mouth cry.This statement is basically acceptable, but in terms of second-class words, there is a slight difference between the Song Dynasty's waiting call and the Ming Dynasty's four calls.
Why did the phrase "Sihu" come into being?Because of the result of voice evolution,Quartet rhymeHas been assimilated by the third class, and the two become one;Second class rhymeIt is either assimilated by the first class or assimilated by the third class, and it is often no longer able to become an independent category, so it has become a simplified situation.Originally, there were eight types of two calls and four classes, but now there are only four types of four calls.
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（1） The opening call is a, e and other vowels except that the initial is i, u, ü (including - i vowels to zhi, zi and other syllables);
（2） Qiqihu is a vowel whose main vowel is i and rhyme is i;
（3） Hekou call is the vowel with the main vowel of u and the initial of u;
（4） Tuoyouhu is a vowel whose main vowel is ü and rhyme begins with ü.
This definition applies to the Ming and Qing dynasties at the same time, because the voice system at that time (especially the northern voice system) was already such a situation.liftmandarinFor example, the finals are not i, u, ü, and there is no i, u, üIntermediateSound is called opening call;The vowel with u or u is called "closing call";The vowel with i or i is called qiqihu;The vowel with U or with U is called Tuo Kou.[1]
