The throat tube, also known as "bamboo tube", is a traditional wind instrumentChinaIt is a kind of double reed wind instrument created on the basis of the folk musical instrument pipe.When the larynx was first introduced, it wasGuangdong ProvinceThe street vendors oftoolIn the late 1920s, it began toGuangdong folk musicandGuangdong Cantonese OperaLater, generallypopularIn Guangdong andGuangxiRegion.
The throat has a very simple structure, consisting of a whistle, a tube body andBell mouthIt consists of three parts.Its whistles are made of reeds, with wide whistles and thick whistles.The tube body is made of long stemmed bamboo, ebony, mahogany, miscellaneous wood, plastic tubes or metal tubes, among which bamboo tube body has the best timbre.There are seven sound holes on the tube body of the throat tube, and the lower end of the tube body is equipped with a bell mouth made of thin copper sheets, which plays the role of expanding the volume and decoration.
Laryngeal timbre
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The voice color of the throat tube is similar to that of the tube. Its pronunciation is close to the bass area of the tube. The voice color is honest, deep, and slightly nasal. It is often used with Zhonghu or Xiaohu in ethnic bands to strengthen the band's midrange and bass voice.
Larynx
stayChinaThe most commonly used larynx in Chinese ethnic bands are the g tone midrange larynx and the d tone bass larynx.The throat of the G mid tone has a total length of 53 cm and an internal diameter of 1 to 1.3 cm. It can produce eight tones with a range of only one octave.Compared with it, the d-tone bass larynx has a longer body, about 85cm, and an inner diameter of 1.4 to 1.7cm. The d-tone bass larynx has a narrower range and is inconvenient to tune.In the 1960s, Chinese musical instrument makers developed a keyed throat tube. This new type of throat tube is equipped with keys, 18 or 19 sound holes, and a pan sound hole.It can not only play a chromatic scale, but also suitable for modulation.At the same time, the range also expanded to two and a half octaves, thus becoming a solo instrument.In addition, in terms of supporting voice parts, it has developed into midrange, sub midrange, bass and double bass parts, making the timbre more full and rich.
Development history
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The throat is a traditional Chinese wind instrument, developed from the wind tube, and popular in Guangdong and Guangxi.The throat pipe is also called "bamboo pipe".A folk musical instrument made by adding bowls to the lower end of the tube body on the basis of the tube.OriginallyGuangdongUsed by street vendors in the late 1920sGuangdong folk musicIt was used in Cantonese opera and later became popular in Guangdong and Guangxi.In the early 1950s, based on the throat, musicians moved the original barrel sound f down three degrees to d as a midrange throat and down to A as a bass throat, which was used for ensemble or accompaniment of Cantonese opera in ethnic bands.The keyed throat appeared in the 1960s.The pipe body is equipped with keys, 18 or 19 sound holes, and a pan sound hole, which solves the problem of super blowing (such as barrel sound g, super blowing d2 sound). It can not only play a chromatic scale, suitable for turning various tones, but also expand the range to two and a half octaves, making the throat a solo instrument.In terms of supporting voice parts, it has also developed into four kinds of throat pipes: mid tone, sub mid tone, bass and double bass, significantly enriching the mid tone and bass voice parts of ethnic bands, making them full and rich.In timbre, no matter the melody or harmony, it is more integrated and coordinated than the row sheng or bass suona.
Structural tone
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The throat consists of a whistle, a pipe body and a bell mouth.The whistle is made of reed, and two pieces are relatively combined. The whistle mouth is wide and the whistle piece is thick.The pipe body is made of long stemmed bamboo, ebony, mahogany, miscellaneous wood, plastic pipe or metal pipe, and has 7 sound holes on it. The bamboo pipe has the best sound color.The lower end of the tube body is equipped with a bell mouth made of thin copper sheet to expand the volume and serve as decoration.The bass throat also has a copper curved neck.
Tone setting and range
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Larynx
The larynx is usually set as G and D, G is the mid tone larynx, with an octave range, D is the bass larynx, and the range is from A to a.In ethnic bands, the G - tone midrange throat and D - tone bass throat are commonly used.The throat of the G mid tone can produce 8 notes, and the range is only one octave from d to d1;The D tone bass throat is a pure four degrees lower than the G tone midrange throat, and the range is from A to a.Because of the narrow range and no semitone, it is very inconvenient to change the tune. By controlling the whistle, the player can change the tune to a close relationship (five degrees up and down of the original tune). If a distant relationship is needed, another tune instrument should be used.The voice of the throat tube is close to the bass area of the tube. The tone is simple, deep and slightly nasal. It is often used in combination with Zhonghu or Xiaohu in ethnic bands to strengthen the middle and low voice parts of the band.
The throat tube is made by adding a bowl at the lower end of the tube and is popular in Guangdong and Guangxi.Since the 1950s, it has developed into many kinds of throat pipes such as baritone, bass, sub baritone, double bass and keyed throat pipes.The throat pipe is also called "bamboo pipe".It is a folk musical instrument made by adding bowls to the lower end of pipes.Originally used by street vendors in Guangdong, it was slightly used in Guangdong music and Cantonese opera in the late 1920s, and later became popular in Guangdong and Guangxi.In the early 1950s, musicians reformed the throat, moving the original barrel sound f down three degrees to d, as a midrange throat, down to A, as a bass throat, and used in national bands for ensemble or accompaniment of Cantonese opera.Later, the sub baritone and double bass larynx were reformed, which enriched the baritone and bass parts of national bands, with full and rich timbre.The keyed throat appeared in the 1960s.It is equipped with keys on the tube body, with 18 or 19 sound holes, and a pan sound hole, which solves the problem of super blowing (such as barrel sound g, super blowing d2). It can not only play a half scale, suitable for turning various tones, but also expand the range to two and a half octaves, so it can be used for solo.
Performance method
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brief introduction
（1） About pronunciation
The wrap blowing method is not only a throat playing skill, but also a new playing method.As the name implies, the wrap blowing method is to wrap the blowhole of the throat tube completely with your lips to play. It is a new blowing method that has never existed since the throat tube and the similar blowhole instruments.
Larynx
Although the wrap blowing method uses the upper and lower lips to wrap up the blow holes of the body to blow (shaped like a blow bawu), its pronunciation is not through the reed vibration, nor does it use the throat or oral cavity vibration to sound like a throat sound. Instead, it forms a damper on the inside of the lip where the lips wrap the blow holes (not visible from the outside). When the breath passes through the damper, it impacts the lip edge on the inside of the lip to produce vibration,And then vibrate the flute body to make it sound.In principle, it is similar to blowingBrass instrumentsHowever, the difference is that the flute only has holes and no horn mouth. There is nothing like a horn mouth to block the lips, nor does it need a strong mouth and air flow as big as a horn.The air door formation of the package blowing method is leadingDantianThe size and looseness of the air door, and the soft, hard, slow and urgent of the voice determine the accuracy of the voice and the quality of the voice.("The sound effect of the package blowing method is similar to that of Ba Wu and throat tube. The volume is large, the sound quality is thick and deep, and if the control is weak, it is very similar to that of Ba Wu." - From the flute paper "On the new throat tube technique" in China Flute Net.) The package blowing method can be performed by using the flute membrane or not, without the flute membrane (or sticking the membrane tightly)The sound is mellow, but the resonance of vibration is slightly poor. When playing with flute membrane, the sound is transparent, beautiful and crisp. These two timbres can be used optionally.
The sound of the package blowing method on the throat pipe is two degrees higher than that on the original flute, that is, one pitch higher than that on the flute.Use the third hole as the throat of D. The actual pitch is E (the third hole becomes E).Therefore, in actual use, the second hole should be the keynote of the package blowing method (the second hole is "1"), and the barrel sound should be "bass 6".If a piece of music is played with a D flute (full press is bass 5), when the blowing method is to be changed to package blowing, the second hole is used as "1" (full press is bass 6), and the tone is as high as that of the third hole used for whistling.Due to the difference between the size of the air flow and the soft and hard order of the voice, it has a great impact on the pitch (the maximum range can reach a big two to a small three degrees), so the package blowing method can also use the same finger hole as the whistle blowing method to play the same pitch, for example, the third hole D can also be blown into D with the package blowing method, but the sound blown out in this way is not round, plump and bright enough.Therefore, after repeated comparison and continuous exploration, we finally selected a full tone playing method with a higher pitch, and the effect is ideal.
（2） About fingering
The fingering of the wrap blowing method is the same as that of the whistle blowing method, but because its pronunciation is one degree higher than that of the throat tube, it must be played in a different tone (changing fingering).These tones (fingering) are seldom used in whistling.So it is difficult to play.For example, if the whistling is changed from a small work tune (full press for bass 5) to a bag blowing, it will become the second hole for "1" (full press for bass 6).The whistling of Zhenggong Tone (full press as bass 2) has become the fingering of six character tone (full press as bass 3) after subcontracting.And so on.
（3） About using
With a good grasp of the package blowing method, it has a wide range of uses in practical work. It can replace Ba Wu to play, loosen the membrane, or have a strong breath. The timbre is very similar to the mid bass color of the throat tube and the western clarinet, which develops the throat tube into a variety of functions and uses, enriching the performance ability.
The application of the package blowing method has two aspects, one is to use it alone, and the other is to use it interchangeably with the whistle blowing method.Because it can exchange playing and play two different timbre effects on one throat, it is the greatest success of the package blowing method.Its unique features make people refreshing.The extensive use of various exchange playing techniques in solos adds a wonderful contrast of timbre in the high, low, fast, slow, long, strong and weak changes of performance, which can surprise, attract people and achieve excellent results.
Use a flute
The package blowing method is applicable to any adjustable throat.As long as the throat and western flutes that rely on the sound of hole blowing can be used, the package blowing method can be applied, but the use of mid-range flutes (such as D, E) and bass flutes (such as major C, B, A, etc.) is particularly effective.When using the package blowing method in bangdi, the pronunciation is high, strong, powerful, but the timbre is dry, and the blowing is more laborious. It is not as easy as on the mid bass throat pipe, and the timbre and timbre are as beautiful and beautiful as they are.The traditional six hole flute can play an octave with the package blowing method. If a sound hole is added at the top and bottom of the traditional flute (above the sixth hole and below the first hole), the range can reach a tenth.With the continuous reform of the throat, the range of the package blowing method will be expanded.
