Donald Arthur Norman (December 25, 1935 -) is an American cognitive psychologist, computer engineer, and industrial designer,cognitive scienceOne of the founders of the Society, focusing on human sociologyBehaviorsResearch.Representative works include《Design Psychology》、《Emotional design》Etc.[1]
In 1957Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) Bachelor of Electronic Engineering, 1959Pennsylvania State UniversityBachelor and Master of Electronic Engineering.His interest is computers, but he found that computers are more useful for studying humans than for studying machines, which prompted him to enter Pennsylvania State University to study for a doctorate in psychology. In 1962, he was awardedMathematical PsychologyDoctor of Philosophy。In the following 4 yearsHarvard UniversityBecome a postdoctoral researcher and lecturer.1966 Became the University of Californiasan diego Professor of psychology of the branch school, served as the head of the psychology department of the school from 1974 to 1978, and established thecognitive scienceHe was also a professor and director of the department, and became the school in 1993Emeritus Professor。[1]
Personal deeds
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Norman is one of the founders of the Cognitive Science Society. Since 1980University Of California cognitive scienceResearch planHe also served as the editorial board member of several professional journals and publishers, and was responsible for editing the journal Cognitive Science.stayCalifornia State UniversityDuring the work, Norman organized a cognitive science research andTeaching plan。His work is theoretically toPsychological researchLay a solid foundation.Research topics focus on memory, attention and learning, as well as human activities and work, including consciousness andthe subconsciousThe role of the mechanism.These studies have played a certain role in analyzing people's mistakes and correctly carrying out mechanical design to improve people's ability.Later, his research interest focused onproduct designHumanization andusability（Usability） 。
As early as the 1970s and 1980s, cognitive psychologists had paid attention tohuman-computer interaction。Norman's theory is particularly enlightening.In the 1980s, he wasUniversity of Californiasan diego Branch schoolsA laboratory has been established and relevant research results have been achieved.Written in《Design Psychology》Norman makes people understand this: design an effective interface, whether computer orDoor handleMust start from analyzing what a person wants to do, rather than starting from a metaphor or an idea of what the screen should display.Norman's goal is not only to help enterprises meet people's rational needs, but also to meetEmotional needsProducts.He believes that a well developed complete product can enhance the feelings of mind and thought at the same time, and enable users to have a pleasant feeling to appreciate, use and own it.In 1999, Upside magazine nominated him as one of the 100 elites in the world.Norman bringssocial sciencesandengineeringMixed consciousness.As an advocate of human centered design, Norman's most famous book is《Design Psychology》。
Norman serves as a director and director of many companies and educational institutions, includingChicago Institute of Design 。It's the United StatesNorthwestern UniversityProfessor of Computer Science and Psychology[2-3], one of the founders of Nielsen Norman Group, a consulting firmEnterprise designA business consulting company that manufactures human centered products and services.He also served as Vice President of Advanced Technology Department of Apple Computer Company.In 1995, he got ItalyUniversity of PaduaOfHonorary degree。 In 2002, Norman was awarded theLifetime Achievement Award。Norman has published a large number of books and research reports. By 2004, he had published 13 books.[1]
Main works
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Psychology
Memory and attention. 1969
Human information processing: An introduction to psychology. 1975
Learning and memory. 1982
The Psychology of Everyday Things, 1988
The Psychology of Everyday Actions.
Computer
Direct manipulation interfaces. 1985
User Centered System Design: New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction. 1986
The Design of Everyday Things. 1988，Chinese translation《Design Psychology》，2003
Turn signals are the facial expressions of automobiles. 1992
