A research institution affiliated to the Harvard School of Arts and Sciences
The Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) is located in the United StatesMassachusettsCambridge, byHarvard University ObservatorySmithsonian Astrophysics Stationform。Established in 1839, the Observatory of Harvard University is a research institution affiliated to the School of Arts and Sciences of Harvard University, and provides equipment and other support for the teaching activities of the Department of Astronomy of Harvard University.andSmithsonian Astrophysics StationFounded in 1890, it is an institution of the Smithsonian Institute.In 1955, Smithsonian Astrophysics Observatory moved its headquarters to Cambridge and began a long-term cooperation with the Harvard University Observatory.The Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics was officially established on July 1, 1973.
The Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics has promoted two institutions toMolecular physics, high-energy astrophysics, visible light andInfrared astronomy, radio astronomy andAstrometry、Heliophysics、Stellar astronomy, planetary scienceTheoretical astrophysicsIn addition, there are special educational institutions.The Department of Astronomy of Harvard University is responsible for the work of the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in astronomy talent training.
The Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics also has three research centers, namely, the Institute of Theoretical Atoms, Molecules and Optical Physics (ITAMP), the Institute of Theory and Computing (ITC) and the X-ray Technology Center (CXT), as well as an engineering center (CE) for scientific instrument research and development.
The year 1998 was the 25th anniversary of the founding of the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. The celebration reviewed the important discoveries and commemorative events of the Center in the past 25 years, including the discovery of the coronal hole of the sun by the equipment designed by the Center and installed in the Skylab in 1973.The first black hole candidate object was identified in the constellation Cygnus.In 1976, the rocket experiment confirmed EinsteinGeneral relativityPropheticGravitational redshift。Launched in 1977Einstein Observatory , ushering in a new era of X-ray astronomy.In 1979, the multi mirror telescope was put into use in Arizona. In the same year, Stephen Weinberger, a physicist at the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
In 1980, Jupiter's X-ray radiation was discovered.In 1981, the maser radiation of water molecules was found in the Orion Nebula, which provided a new means for measuring the distance of celestial bodiesCfA Red Shift Sky SurveyObservations in the Northern Hemisphere.In 1982SupernovaFast rotatingPulsar。In 1986, Halley's Comet returned, and space astronomical observations confirmed Fred Whipple's "dirty snowball" theory of comet structure.In 1988, the Oak Ridge Observatory under the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics discovered evidence of extrasolar planets.In 1990, the "Great Wall" structure in the large-scale structure of the universe was discovered,Whipple ObservatoryFoundCrab NebulaOfgamma ray Radiation.
In 1994, the CfA redshift survey extended to the southern hemisphere.In 1995, astronomers at the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics discovered evidence for the existence of supermassive black holes.In the same year, the sub millimeter wave array broke ground in Mauna Kea, Hawaii.In 1996, Whipple Observatory discovered a new class of active galaxies;The instrument designed by the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, installed on the SOHO satellite, took the first picture of the sun's outer atmosphere and detected fast and slow solar wind.
In the same year, the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics became the control center of the advanced X-ray astronomical equipment (AXAF, later known as the Chandra X-ray Observatory).In 1997, the first observational confirmation of theEvent horizon。
The Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics is headquartered at 60 Garden Street, 10234 Cambridgeasteroid"Sixtygarden" is named after its address.
Harvard University Observatory
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Harvard University Observatory
Harvard University Observatory(Harvard College Observatory, abbreviated as HCO) is located inU.S.AMassachusettsOfCambridge, established in 1839, is the first large-scale observatory established in the United StatesHarvard UniversityA research institution affiliated to the Academy of Arts and Sciences, and provides equipment and other support for teaching activities of the Astronomy Department of Harvard University.In 1973, the Harvard University Observatory andSmithsonian Astrophysics StationTogetherHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics 。
Smithsonian Astrophysics Station
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Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) is an observatory affiliated to the Smithsonian Institute. Headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the United States, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Harvard University Observatory jointly form the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
Smithsonian Astrophysics Station
The Smithsonian Astrophysics Observatory was founded in 1890 by Samuel Langley, the third secretary general of the Smithsonian Institute and a pioneer of American aviation. Its original headquarters was located in Washington, the capital of the United States.In 1955, the Smithsonian Astrophysics Observatory moved its headquarters to Cambridge and began a long-term cooperation with the Harvard University Observatory.The Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics was officially established on July 1, 1973.The Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics is mainly engaged in research and education in astronomy, astrophysics, earth science, space science, etc.In addition, Smithsonian Astrophysics Station is also responsible for the management and operation of the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and jointly with the University of Arizona to manage the 6.5 meter aperture Multi Mirror Telescope (MMT) located in Hopkins Mountain, Arizona.
Einstein Observatory
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Einstein Observatory
Einstein Satellite is an X-ray astronomical satellite developed by the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and NASA. It was launched on November 13, 1978, formerly known as "High Energy Observatory 2" (HEAO-2). It was named "Einstein Satellite" to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Albert Einstein, a famous physicist.This satellite is equipped with a large grazing telescope for X-ray imaging for the first time. It is composed of four layers of sleeves, with an aperture of 0.6 meters, a total receiving area of 350 square centimeters, and a resolution of 3-5 angular seconds.
CfA Red Shift Sky Survey
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CfA Red Shift Sky Survey
CfA Red Shift Sky SurveyHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics First attempt descriptionLarge scale structure of the universeThe observation started in 1977 and the initial data collection was completed in 1982.The second CfA redshift survey (1985-1995) may have contributed to the discovery of the Great Wall (see below) in 1989: a supercluster composed of galaxies.What surprised astronomers was the surroundingemptyBecause its scale must be formed at the beginning of the universe because of the collapse of gravity.Since then, supercluster has been described as the product of quantum lotus ripples under the expansion of the universe.
