dyspnea

[hū xī kùn nán]

One of the main clinical symptoms of respiratory failure

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Dyspnea Yes Subjective feeling And objectivity sign Subjectively, the patient feels insufficient inspiration and hard breathing, and objectively Respiratory rate Changes in rhythm and depth. In serious cases, mouth opening breathing Alar flaring 、 Sitting upright breathing , even cyanosis. Dyspnea Yes respiratory failure It is one of the main clinical symptoms.

TCM disease name

dyspnea

Visiting department

Cardiac surgery

Common diseases

lung

Common causes

Respiratory system diseases, cardiovascular system diseases, obesity, acidosis, acute infection, blood diseases, etc. can also cause respiratory failure.

common symptom

When breathing is difficult or serious, mouth opening breathing, nasal flaring, sitting breathing, and even cyanosis may occur

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The certification expert of this term is

Lian Bo | attending doctor

Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital to examine

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essential information

TCM disease name: dyspnea
Visiting department: Cardiac surgery
Common location: lung

Common causes: Respiratory system diseases, cardiovascular system diseases, obesity, acidosis, acute infection, blood diseases, etc. can also cause respiratory failure.
common symptom: When breathing is difficult or serious, mouth opening breathing, nasal flaring, sitting breathing, and even cyanosis may occur

pathogeny

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one Respiratory diseases

Airway obstruction , lung disease, chest wall chest Pleural disease, diaphragm disease and limited movement.

two cardiovascular system disease

Heart failure caused by various reasons Cardiac tamponade 、 Constrictive pericarditis Etc.

3. Others

Obesity Acidosis 、 Acute infection 、 Hematopathy It can also cause respiratory failure.

clinical manifestation

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1. Pulmonary dyspnea

（1） Inspiratory dyspnea : It is characterized by wheezing and hard inhalation, and three concave signs may appear in severe cases, namely Suprasternal fossa 、 Supraclavicular fossa and Intercostal space Obvious depression.

（2） Expiratory dyspnea : Exhalation is laborious, prolonged and slow, often accompanied by Wheezing sound 。

（3） Mixed dyspnea : Inspiration and exhale It is hard to feel, the breathing rate is faster, and the amplitude is shallower, often accompanied by Breath sound Weaken or disappear.

2. Cardiogenic dyspnea

It appears or worsens during activities, and alleviates or alleviates during rest, Supine position It can be aggravated, Seating Can be alleviated. The mild cases can be relieved in a short time, and the severe cases show asthma, cyanosis, cough Pink foamy sputum 。

3. Toxic dyspnea

Long and irregular breathing may occur, and the frequency may be fast or slow.

inspect

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1. Blood cell analysis, sputum culture, etc.

2. Pulmonary function test.

3. Bronchoscope and Thoracoscopy 。

four electrocardiogram 、 Echocardiography 。

five Ultrasonic inspection 。

six pulmonary artery Angiographic CT 、 Radionuclide Ventilation/blood flow scanning.

diagnosis

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1. Medical history

Pay attention to the heart, lungs and kidney trouble History, bronchial asthma History of seizures, poisoning, dust or Foreign matter inhalation History, Allergic history Etc.

2. Clinical manifestations

First, determine whether it is dyspnea, and observe the patient Respiratory rate , depth, rhythm, breathing mode, presence or absence“ Triple concave sign ”And other clinical signs.

three Supplementary Examination

according to Hematology analysis 、 Sputum culture 、 Pulmonary function test 、 ECG examination Can be diagnosed.

differential diagnosis

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include Pulmonary dyspnea 、 Cardiogenic dyspnea 、 Toxic dyspnea Etc.

treatment

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one Etiological treatment

When the diagnosis is established, the cause of disease shall be treated. If taken out in time Foreign body in respiratory tract , Cancellation Laryngospasm , Excision Neobiosis Incision and drainage of pharynx abscess , Processing heart failure , Control Asthma attack , draw out Pleural cavity Fluid or gas accumulation, etc.

two Symptomatic treatment

According to the patient's condition, such as the degree of dyspnea, the cause of the disease, whether there is a concurrent disease, and combined with specific conditions, different treatment schemes are selected.

（1） General treatment : taken by the patient Semi recumbent position , give the patient sputum suction. Proper fluid replacement, severe anemia Those who correct anemia, etc.

（2） Oxygen therapy : Give the patient oxygen, and the oxygen flow and concentration depend on the situation.

three medication

Give the patient sedative 、 Respiratory stimulant 、 Adrenocortical Hormones 、 antibiotics And other drugs.

four surgical treatment

Surgical methods include tracheotomy 、 Endotracheal intubation 、 Bronchoscope Technique, etc.

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