Lv Guang is proficient in the art of war, brave and good at fighting.In youth, I learned a lotWang MengAppreciation, to promote the virtuous and good into the official position, started as the county magistrate of Meiyang, managed well in his office, and was loved by the people. Later, he moved to General Yingyang.In the second year of Yongxing (358), the land of Bingzhou was requisitionedZhang PingWill defeat ten thousand peopleZhang HoStab the horse, andDeng QiangJoin forces to capture them.In the fourth year of Jianyuan (368), PingdingThe Five Officials' RebellionIn the battle ofGou Xing, killFu Shuang、FuwuAnd make great achievements.In the sixth year of Jianyuan (370), led the expeditionQianyan, was granted the title of Duting Marquis.Suppress SichuanLi WuUprising and pacificationFuluo、FuzhongAfter the chaos, he conquered all the countries in the Western Regions and made war achievements for Xuanzhao EmperorFu JianIs highly valued.[45]
In the 21st year of the Jianyuan era (385), Lv Guang led troops to the east to eliminate the governor of LiangzhouLiang Xi, occupy Guzang to be independent.And successively pacifyZhang Dayu、Xu Jiong、Peng Huang、Kangning、Wang MuAnd other separatist forces to unify Hexi.After receiving the news of Fujian's death, he died for him. He honored Fujian as the emperor, with the posthumous title of Emperor Wenzhao. Later, he called himself the Duke of Jiuquan and the King of Sanhe.In the first year of Longfei's reign (396 years), he called himself the King of Heaven and the country's name was "Daliang".Immediately break down the leader of Southern QiangPeng Xinian, defeatwestern qin, forcingBegging for revengeAppear to the throne.Lv Guang fought in all directions, and the territory of Houliang continued to expand. At its peak, he covered the Congling Mountains in the west and crossed the river in the east, becoming the overlord in the northwest.However, in the later period of his reign, he was old and tired of politics, misruled, listened to slander, and killedJuqu LuoqiuAnd other loyal officials, causing people to change their minds and revolt everywhere.When he was seriously ill, the crown princeLu ShaoAs the king of heaven, he called himself "Supreme Emperor".[44]
In the fourth year of Longfei's reign (399), Lv Guang died at the age of 63. His posthumous title was Yiwu and his temple was Taizu. He was buried in Gaoling.[46]
Capturing Zhang Ho, pacifying the Five Duke Rebellion, conquering the former Yan, suppressing the Li Wu Rebellion, pacifying the Fuluo Rebellion, conquering the Western Regions, unifying Hexi, establishing Houliang, defeating the Western Qin Dynasty, and shaking the northwest, and never losing in life
Lu Guang isLvpo TowerHis son was born in the noble family of the Di chieftain.His family is the same as the Fu family that established the pre Qin regimeLuyangdiLater Zhao was once moved to the Kanto region[49]。For this reason, Lu Guang was born in Fangtou (in the southwest of today's Junxian County, Henan Province). When he was born, "the night has the difference of divine light", so he took the name of light.[3]He has a strange "heavy pupil". When he played with children, he liked the game of arranging troops. When he was an adult, he still did not like reading and only loved hunting for martial arts.[4]
In the first year of Yongxing (357), Fujian became the monarch of the former Qin Dynasty, called the King of Heaven of the Qin Dynasty, and put Wang Meng, Lvpolou and other ministers who had assisted in life.[58]At this time, Lv Guang was already weak in age, calm and dignified, generous and generous. His enthusiasm and anger were not visible, and his talent was not valued by people at that time. Only Wang Meng appreciated him.At the recommendation of Wang Meng, he entered the official career by "promoting the good" and served as the magistrate of Meiyang County (governing the north of Fufeng, Shaanxi) near Chang'an, the capital of the country (governing today's Xi'an, Shaanxi). He was deeply loved by the people of all ethnic groups under his administration, and later became General Yingyang.[5]
In the second year of Yongxing (358), Fujian conquered the warlords who merged the separatist statesZhang Ping。Zhang Ping's adopted sonZhang HoCallart of war which a field commander must master, and the forward general of the Qin armyDeng QiangAfter more than ten days of confrontation, it is hard to decide the outcome.[47]Soon, Fu Jian arrived at the Copper Wall (in today's Shanxi ProvinceXin CountyWest), Zhang Ping sent all his troops to fight.Zhang Ho attacked the Qin army four or five times.Fu Jian offered a reward to recruit warriors.Lv Guang asks to fight and stabs Zhang Ho under his horse. Deng Qiang then captures him alive.Zhang Ping was defeated and had to surrender to Fu Jian.[48]After this battle, Lv Guang's reputation was greatly improved.[6]
In the third year of Jianyuan (367), the patriarchal rebellion broke out in the Pre Qin Dynasty.Zhao GongFu ShuangAccording to Shanggui (now in the southwest of Tianshui, Gansu), Jin GongFu LiuAccording to Puban (now Yongji, Shanxi), Wei GongCallingAccording to Shaancheng (governing the west of Sanmenxia, Henan), YangongFuwuAccording to Anding (governing Jingbei, Gansu).The four rebel armies are divided into east and west sides, forming a tendency to attack Chang'an.Fu Jian failed to surrender, but sent troops to fight against rebellion at the beginning of the next year (368). Later, because of the unfavorable war on the western front, he ordered General Wu WeiWang Jian"Lead Chinese and foreign elites" to march.Lv Guang was the general of Ning Shuo at that time. He followed Wang Jian to fight for Fu Shuang and Fu Wu on the western battlefield.[65]At that time, the rebels on the western front had already taken advantage of the victory to approach Yumei (governing Qianyang East, Shaanxi today).Wang Jian wants to fight and decide quickly.Lv Guang, however, believes that the rebels' morale is rising because of their new victory. He suggests that they should use their troops carefully to wait for the good opportunity.The rebels withdrew after twenty days because they ran out of food.[7]Lv Guang and Wang Jian immediately sent troops to pursue, defeated the rebels and beheaded 15000 people.Fu Shuang and Fu Wu fled back to Shanggui.Lv Guang and Wang Jian marched into Shanggui in July of the same year, killing Fu Shuang and Fu Wu, and pacifying the rebellion on the western front.[66]
In the sixth year of Jianyuan (370), Lv Guang followed the king to attack and destroyQianyan, was granted the capital of Tinghou.[8]
In the 14th year of Jianyuan (378), BeihaigongFuzhongRebellion in Luoyang.At that time, Lv Guang was serving as a long historian in Fuzhong's shogunate.Fu Jian believed that Lv Guang, who was loyal and honest, would not participate in the rebellion, so he ordered Lv Guang to stop arresting Fu Chong.Lv Guang obeyed and escorted Fuzhong back with a guard carChang'an。But Fu Chong was later pardoned by Fu Jian.Before long, Lv Guang returned to the court as the right leader of the crown prince, and was deeply respected by Fu Jian.In the following year (379), he led the army into Sichuan as a general to suppressLi YanUprising and promotionInfantry Colonel。[9]
In the 16th year of Jianyuan (380 years), Gong Fuluo of Xingtang rebelled in Youzhou and Helong (now Chaoyang, Liaoning).Fu Jian failed to appease, so he ordered Du Du Fu Rong to lead General ZuoDouchong, General RightDuguiAnd other troops to suppress the rebellion.Lv Guang also marched with the army and was subordinate to Dou Chong's headquarters.At that time, Fu Chongzheng guarded YouzhouJicheng(Governing Beijing todayDaxing）。He was Fuluo's brother, so he started a rebellion again and responded to Fuluo.The two brothers met in Zhongshan (governing Hebei today)Dingzhou）。In May of that year, Dou Chong and Lv Guang went to Zhongshan and broke through 100000 rebels with 40000 steps. They captured Fuluo and sent it to Chang'an.Fu Chong was chased and killed by Lv Guang on his way back to Ji City.[10]Before long, Lv Guang was promoted to the rank of cavalry general due to his achievements.[11]
In September of the 18th year of Jianyuan (382), Wang Miyeng and Xiumi, the king of Shanshan in front of the chariot division, went to Chang'an to pay tribute and offered to help the Qin army conquerWestern RegionsCountries.[12]At that time, the former Qin Dynasty had unified the north, and the army was strong.Fu Jian was thinking of managing the Western Regions, so he appointed Lu GuangTo hold a knot(One workhold the imperial insignia —serve as a diplomatic envoy）, the governor of the Western Military Bureau, asked him toJiang Fei、Peng Huang、Du Jin、KangshengFour generals, 70000 soldiers and horses including 5000 cavalries[67]。But Wei Shu called "leading seven thousand people"[50], seems to be wrong), the Western Regions, and LongxiDong FangFeng YiGuo Bao, Wu WeiJia QianHongnongYang YingHe is the assistant general of the four prefectures.[13]
In the first month of the 19th year of Jianyuan (383), Lv Guang set out from Chang'an on a westward expedition.Fu JianmingCheshi Qianguo、Shanshan CountryThe armies of the two countries act as guides for the Western Expedition and are at homeJianzhang PalaceFarewell for Lu Guang.[14]Lv Guangxing toGaochang(In today's Turpan, Xinjiang) I heard that Fu Jian made a massive expedition to the South to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, preparing to stop the army in place and stand by. However, with Du Jin's insistence, he finally continued to travel westward.They crossed hundreds of miles of desert, experienced hardships, and reached Yanqi in the Western Regions in December that year.Yanqi StateAnd its affiliated countries have asked for surrender.[20]AdjacentKuchaIt resisted with its affiliated countries.Lv Guang gathered his army in the south of Yancheng, the capital of Kuqa, Xinjiang, and set up a camp every five miles to dig deep trenches and build high fortifications to command the army to attack the city.He also put a coat on the wooden man and listed him on the base to confuse the Kucha Army as a suspect.King KuchaPure silkMove all the people outside the city into the city and rely on the strong city to resist the Qin army.[15]In the same year, Fu JianBattle of FeishuiHe came back after a big defeat.GovernedXianbei、QiangThe Hu ethnic groups, such as ethnic minority, Ding Ling, and so on, have raised their troops to revolt, and the north has fallen into division again.[53]
In July of the 20th year of Jianyuan (384), Bochun asked for help with heavy moneyKuai HuCountry.Kuai Hu GuolianModerata、Wei TouguoA total of 700000 soldiers and horses from other countries came together to rescue Qiuci.The Western Union troops "bow and horse, good at spearing and writing", the armor they wear "cannot be shot into", and throw ropes on their horses to trap people and "there are many winners".All generals of the Western Expedition Army are afraid. They want each battalion to form their own formation and keep their troops still to resist the enemy.Lv Guang, however, gathered all the battalions in one place to practice the hook and lock tactics, and used refined cavalry as a parade force to fill the gaps at any time.[17]Soon, the Western Expedition Army fought in the west of the city, breaking through the Western Union Army and beheading more than ten thousand levels.Bochun abandoned the city and fled overnight, and its "princes have surrendered to more than 30 countries".Lv Guang took advantage of the victory to enter the city of Juyan and feasted the soldiers in the city.He "pacified the Western Regions and was very gracious".Fearing the prestige of Lu Guang, all the countries in the Western Regions sent envoys to pay tribute. Even countries that had not been accepted by the previous generation came all the way to surrender to the Han government for the talisman.Lu Guang presented them with the runes of the former Qin government.[18]In August of that year, Fu Jian heard of the pacification of the Western Regions, and appointed Lv Guang as the envoyFree riding and regular attendants, the governor of all military forces west of Yumen, General AnxiXiyu XiaoweiEnter Fengshun Township Marquis.[16]But at that time, there was chaos in the north and the roads were blocked, so the imperial edict of Fujian failed to reach the western regions.[19]
Enter Liangzhou
qiuciIt is a big country in the Western Regions, rich and prosperous, and has a happy life.After the Western Expedition Army occupied Qiuci, all the soldiers indulged in luxurious and flashy life, and Lu Guang also meant to detain the Western Regions.In order to appease Qiuci, Bo Zhen, the brother of Celi Bochun, became the King of Qiuci.Western Region Eminent MonkKumarashAt that time, he was in Lv Guang's army and thought that the Western Regions were "a place of fierce destruction, not suitable for drowning"[51]It is suggested that Lv Guangdong return.[21]Lv Guang then feasted the soldiers and men and asked their subordinates for advice.All generals are homesick and unwilling to stay in the Western Regions.Lv Guangsui used more than 20000 camels to load the treasures of the Western Regions for fun, and drove more than 10000 horses. In March of the 21st year of Jianyuan (385), he led troops from the Western Regions to the east, and by September, he had arrived at the Liangzhou border.[52]
During Lv Guangdong's return, Chang'an was captured by Xianbei rebels.Fu Jian ran away and was betrayed by QiangYao ChangCapture and kill.[64]Although Fu Pi, his son, claimed the title of emperor according to Jinyang (governing today's Taiyuan, Shanxi), the regime of the former Qin Dynasty has tended to collapse.Yang Han, the governor of Gaochang, worried that Lv Guang would seize the opportunity to seize Liangzhou, and suggested that the governor of LiangzhouLiang XiSend troops to guard Gaotonggukou (in today's Turpan, Xinjiang)Yiwu PassTwo dangerous places (in today's Hami, Xinjiang) to prevent the Western Expedition Army from entering Liangzhou were not accepted by Liang Xi.[22]But at that time, Lu Guang was blocked by news from the Western Regions, and only knew that Fu Jian was surrounded by rebels in Chang'an.He felt that his future was bleak, and he was afraid that Liang Xi would adopt Liang Han's policy to refuse him to enter the country. He hesitated to move forward, but because Du Jinli was moving quickly, he continued to lead the army eastward and soon approached Gaochang.Yang Han had to open the city to welcome him.[23]Yao Jing, the governor of Dunhuang, and Li Chun, the governor of Jinchang also surrendered to Lv Guang one after another.[56]
Liang XiIt was not until Lv Guangbing arrived at Yumen that he felt the situation was serious.He issued a proclamation condemning Lv Guang for not ordering him to leave the Western Regions without authorization, and ordered his son Liang Yin to lead 50000 troops to Jiuquan to stop Lv Guang.Lv Guang also denounced the counties in Liangzhou, scolding Liang Xi for not being able to survive the national disaster and instead preventing his troops from returning to the country. Later, he used Peng Huang, Du Jin, and Jiang Fei as the vanguards, and marched straight ahead. He defeated and captured Liang Yin alive at An Mi (governing today's Jiuquan East, Gansu)[54]。The surrounding Hu and Yi ethnic groups have attached themselves to Lvguang.Seeing that the situation was unfavourable, Peng Ji, the Wu Wei Prefecture Chief, arrested Liang Xi and asked Lv Guang to surrender.Lv Guangsui went to Guzang (Liangzhou and Wuwei Prefecture, in today's Wuwei, Gansu) and claimed to be a governor of Liangzhou and a colonel protecting Qiang, initially establishing his rule in Liangzhou.[24]At that time, Liang Xi was put to death by Lv Guang. Song Hao, the governor of Jiuquan and Suo Pan, the governor of Xijun, both refused to surrender[57], attacked and killed by Lv Guang.[55]
Cool after establishment
In the first year of Tai'an (386 years), Fu Pi sent envoys to appoint Lv Guang as the general of chariots and horses and the herdsman of Liangzhou, to lead and protect the governor of the Western Regions, and to confer the title of Duke Jiuquan.[62]However, when the envoy passed through Guanzhong, he was detained by the Later Qin Dynasty (the regime established by Yao Chang), so that the imperial edict could not be passed to Liangzhou.[63]In the same year, Lv Guang received the news that Fujian was killed. He "wailed in anger" and ordered the three armies to write a funeral for Fujian in the south of the city. He was posthumously named Emperor Wenzhao of the Great Qin Dynasty.He also spent three months in mourning for Fujian. Later, in Liangzhou, he granted amnesty and changed the Yuan Dynasty. He claimed to be the envoy of Zhijie, Shizhong, Chinese and foreign Dadu, Dulongyou and Hexi military forces, the great general, the commander of Xiongnu Zhonglang, Liangzhou Mu and Jiuquan Gong, and established a separatist regime with Hexi as its base and Guzang as its capital, which was called Houliang in history.[27]
In March of the third year of Tai'an (388), Lv Guang's nephew, Shi Cong, came from Guanzhong. Lv Guang asked, "What do people in Zhongzhou say about my politicization.Lv Guang also entertained his colleagues, drank heavily and talked about political affairs.At that time, Lu Guang's criminal law was strict and he joined the armyDuan YeIn the speech, Lu Guang said: "It is not the justice of Ming Wang to punish severely and respect the constitution."“Shang YangThe method is extremely rigorous, and it is also a vassal;Wu QiThe technique has no relatives, but the Jing barbarians dominate. "Duan Ye said, "The Duke of the Ming Dynasty was ordered by his family to visit the four seas, and to visit Yao and Shun. He was still afraid of the disadvantages. Why did he want to visit the moral heaven at the end of the Shang Dynasty and the Shen Dynasty? How could the ladies of this state expect the Duke of the Ming Dynasty?" Lv Guang changed his countenance and thanked him, and ordered him to blame himself, reduce the criminal law, and implement the policy of leniency and simplification.
In the first year of Linjia (389 years), Lvguang had such auspicious omens as "sweet dew falls on the carefree garden", "white swallows fly in Jiuquan, and all swallows follow in line", "Lin sees Jinze County, and all animals follow it" within six months[68]Once again, we will grant amnesty and reform.He went to be called the King of Three Rivers, set up hundreds of officials, took his wife Shi as the princess, and set his legitimate son Lu Shao as the heir.Later, Houliang Temple was built.Lv Guang respected his father and the fourth generation of his ancestors as the prince, and at the suggestion of Yang Ying, the secretary general of the middle school, he took Lv Wang (Jiang Taigong) as the ancestor who would never be respected.[28]
In July of the sixth year of Linjia (394), Lv GuangyiziLv FuHe was the commander of the military forces west of Yumen, and the protector of the Western Regions. He was in charge of Gaochang and ordered the ministers' children to follow him.
In July of the seventh year of Linjia (395), Lv Guang led a hundred thousand troops to conquer the Western Qin DynastyBegging for surrender and returningBe known as "public" and "public"Begging Fu Chi BoAs hostages.Lu Guang led the troops back.
In the first year of Longfei's reign (396 years), Hou Liang's officials persuaded Lv Guang to advance because of the "Five Dragons Found in Hao".[70]Lv Guang then became the king of heaven, officially taking "Liang" as the national title, granted amnesty and changed the yuan, and appointed his son Lv Shao as the crown prince and 20 sons as dukes.[71]
Old age and death
In the second year of Longfei (397),NanliangmainBaldness, black lonelinessAt the beginning of the Jianyuan era, he called himself Dadu, Dashanyu and Xiping King, and his country was called Liang.After the capture of Liangjin City.Lv Guang sends General Dou Gou to crusade the Nanliang Army, and the two armies fight againstkiosk, Dou Goujun was defeated.AftercoolingLeduHuanghe RiverIrrigate a riverThree counties surrendered to Nanliang, Lingnanancient nationality in West ChinaTens of thousands of falls also belong to the south cool.General HouliangPoplar track、Wang QijiLead thousands of households to come.The bald Wu Gu took the opportunity to change his name to King Wuwei.
When Lu Guang was old, he often believed in slander and did not distinguish between faithfulness and treachery.Hou Liang ShangshuJuqu LuoqiuLv Guang, the leader of the rear Liang, once accompanied Lv Guang to attack the Western Qin Dynasty. Lv Guang's younger brother, Lv Yan, was killed because of his hasty pursuit.In April, Lv Guang listened to slander and killed Juqu Luochou and his brother Sanhe Taishou with the crime of losing the armyJu Qu Ji。When more than ten thousand people in Juqu Department were mourning for Luo Chou in Juqu, Luo Chou's nephewJuqu MengxunHe denounced Lv Guang for his ignorance and indiscriminate killing of innocent people, and expressed his intention to fight against the enemy.Mengxun immediately called together his troops to fight against the cold and quickly conquerPro pineCounty, within ten days, gather ten thousand people to garrison Jinshan.
In May, Lv Guang sent Lv Zao, the Duke of Taiyuan, to fight against Juqu Mengxun, who was inferior to Kugu. Juqu Mengxun was defeated and fled into the mountains.Brother Juqu MengxunJuqu Man ChengIn response to Monson, thousands of troops were mobilized in Lefu.Houliang Jiuquan PrefectureLeichengLed ten thousand people on foot to attack Juqu and defeat him. Lei Cheng was defeated and killed.Ju Qu male Cheng attacked Jiankang with the momentum, sent someone to persuade the governor Duan Ye of Jiankang to turn against Houliang, and elected him as the governor of DaduGeneral Longxiang, Liangzhou Mu, Jiankang Gong, Jianyuan God Seal.Ju Qunan became the general of the auxiliary country and was entrusted with the task of military power.Ju Qu Mengxun led his people to Duanye and was appointed Zhenxi General.Lv Guang orders Lv Zao to turn his troops to fight against Duan Ye, but he is not sure.Juqu Mengxun took the opportunity to attack Lintao, support Duan Ye, and fight with Lv Zao at Heli. Lv Zao's army was defeated.
In the fourth year of Longfei's reign (399 years), Lv Guang fell ill and died a heavy death. In December of that year (early 400 years), the crown prince Lv Shao was appointed as the King of Heaven, calling himself the Supreme Emperor.He felt that "it is difficult to establish a foundation, and it is not easy to maintain"[59]On his deathbed, he told Lv Shao to take charge of the military and political affairs with his common brothers Lv Zao and Lv Hong, and told them to make their brothers live in harmony to jointly deal with the difficult situation of the country at that time when "there were strong bandits outside, but people were not calm".Later, Lu Guang died of illness at the age of 63[60]。Lu Shaomi did not lose heart. He wanted to give way to Lv Zao because he was afraid of the potential of Lv Zao.However, Lv Zao, together with Lv Hong, launched a coup, forced Lv Shao to death, and established himself as the King of Daliang.He buried Lu Guang in Gaoling, went to the temple to be called Taizu, and posthumously assumed the title of Emperor Yiwu.[61]
Measures for politics
Announce
edit
Suppress rebellion
Lv Guang occupied Hexi through military force and killed more than ten Liangzhou celebrities, such as Yao Hao and Yin Jing. Therefore, he was not recognized and supported by the surname of Hexi and was constantly resisted.In order to stabilize his rule, he could only use military means to suppress the rising rebellion.Mainly:
First, suppress the rebellion of Wei You.Yu Youyuan was a subordinate of Liang Xi. He "conspired with Peng Ji to control Liang Xi" and became the leader of Lv Guang.He first instigated Lv Guang to kill Yao Hao, Yin Jing and other famous people, and then launched a rebellion in Yunwu (in the northwest of Yongjing, Gansu Province today) after he became the chief of Jincheng.His cousin, Wei Sui, responded according to Guiyin (governing the northwest of Jingyuan, Gansu).Lv Guang has successively sent the Ministry GeneralsWei ZhenJiang Fei's crusade defeated Weiyou's troops.Weiyou fled to Xingcheng again (in the northwest of Yongjing, Gansu Province today), inciting people of all ethnic groups to make trouble, so that "most of the barbarians followed it".His act of capitulation also led to the collapse of Jiang Fei's forces.[25]Its ending is not recorded in historical data, but it should be suppressed by Lu Guang.
The second is to suppress the Zhang Dayu Rebellion.Zhang Dayu was the son of the emperor who advocated Tianxi at the end of the former Liang Dynasty. He surrendered to the former Qin Dynasty with Zhang Tianxi. After the war in Feishui, he fled back to Hexi with Wang Mu, a captain in Changshui, and hid in Wei'an (governing Gulangdong, Gansu today).Wei Anren, who was attacked by the army in the first year of Da'an (386)Jiaosong、Qi Su、Zhang JiWait Yong Li as the leader, captured the Changsong County in Houliang (now Gulangxi, Gansu), and defeated Du Jin's headquarters who came to crusade.Jiankang TaishouLi Xi, Qilian DuweiYan ChunThey all responded.In order to restore the former coolness, Zhang Dayu, despite the dissuasion of Wang Mu and others, approached Gu Zang and wanted to fight with Lv Guang. However, he was defeated by Lv Guang under Gu Zang City and lost more than 20000 troops.He had to evacuate Guzang, forcibly plunder more than 5000 households of the people, and retreat to Jucheng (in today's Min County, Gansu Province).Lv Guang ordered Peng Huang and Xu Jiong to crusade Zhang Dayu the next year (387).Zhang Dayu was defeated and killed.[26]
Third, repressionPeng Huang、Wang MuThe chaos.After defeating Zhang Dayu, Peng Huang became the prefect of Zhangye, but soon rebelled against the county.Xu Jiong also marched at the same time, but was defeated by Lv Guang's troops, so he defected to Peng Huang.At that time, Wang Mu, the remnant of Zhang Dayu, attacked Jiuquan and called himself Liangzhou Mu, while Xiping Taishoukangning called himself the King of Huns.Peng Huang then "forged ties with Kangning in the east and Wang Mu in the west" to fight against Lu Guang.Lv Guangli stood in front of all the people and, while the rebels had not yet joined the army, led 30000 steps and rode quickly to encircle Zhangye.Peng Huang's troops surrendered Kou Yikai and Peng Huang was killed.Wang Mu was suspicious of the generalSuogu, is sending troops to attack its garrison of Dunhuang.Lv Guang took advantage of the chance to ride 20000 steps to capture Jiuquan.Wang Mu fought back and was killed.[72]
The fourth is to suppress the chaos of Guo Gui and Yang Gui.Guo Xuan is a casual cavalry who stays in the rear and is also a Taichangqing. He is proficient in astronomy.In the second year of Longfei (397), he thought that Lv Guang would be defeated[73], then he and the servant shotWang XiangConspiracy, gathered all night to burn Hongfan Gate, to attack the palace.As a result, Lu Guang suppressed the incident just after it happened, and Wang Xiang, as an internal agent, was killed.Guo Guisui rebelled against the East Garden of Guzang City.[74]Its high reputation among the people makes people "follow it".[75]Lv Guang is leading the expedition to Beiliang to withdraw his troops.Lu Jianchu was defeated by the rebels, and later won the imperial guard of Xi'anShi YuanliangSupport, which can break the rebels.He took advantage of the victory to enter Guzang, and then broke the rebels in the west of the city.Guo Xuan's army has gradually declined since then.[76]At that time, Yang Gui, the later general, also made trouble, claiming to be the general and Liangzhou Mu.Guo Xuan promoted him as the leader of the alliance.Yang Gui led 20000 cavalries to rescue Guo Xuan and stationed troops in the north of Guzang City.However, Guo and Yang could not work together against the enemy, and Yang Gui was soon defeated by Lv Zao.Guo Xuan heard that Yang Gui was defeated, abandoned the city and fled to the West Qin Dynasty.Yang Gui also withdrew his troops and headed south to seek refuge in Nanliang.[77]
Attacking the Western Qin Dynasty
Xianbei nobilitywestern qinmainBegging for revengeAccording to Jincheng, who claimed to be a great general, a great Danyu and a king of Jincheng, he was awarded the former Qin emperorFu DengThe Xianbei, Hu and Qiang ethnic groups in the Qin and Liang regions were mostly under the support of.EntrenchmentRareSouth Qiang leader ofPeng XinianThe King of Jincheng became a powerful force controlling Longxi.After Fujian was killed, Lv Guang took control of the Hexi area. According to Guzang, he faced off with the King of Jincheng across the Huangshui River and repeatedly wanted to crossHuangshuiGoing eastward, he was choked by beggars, and could not succeed.
In August of the fourth year of Linjia (392), Qifuqian instigated Peng Xinian to send troops to attack Baitujin, a strategic town on the north bank of Huangshui River under the jurisdiction of Lv Guang.Lv Guang sent himGeneral Nan ZhonglangLv FangAnd younger brotherRight GeneralLv Bao, General ZhenweiYang Fan, General Qiang NuDougouWhen he went east to attack Jincheng, he was defeated by Beggar Fuqian. More than ten thousand Lv Bao and his soldiers were killed. Later, all the troops withdrew when they saw the situation.Then sent his sonLu ZuanLed the cavalry five thousand southward to attack Peng Xinian, fought fiercely against Panyi, and then came back defeated.Lv Guangsui led the army to crusade against Kivu Qiangui and Peng Xinian. He stationed heavy troops in Zuonan, and Peng Xinian built a dike on Baitujin stones. He built the camp with water, and sent ten thousand light cavalries to guard the Hejin ferry.Lv Guang sent General Wang Bao to move to the upper reaches of the river secretly, and forced the Yellow River eastward by night.Peng Xinian was terrified at the news, and there was chaos in the army. Lv Guang took advantage of his power to attack Baitujin, smash its stone embankment, cross the Huangshui River, and take the rare place.Peng Xinian's army broke up and escaped to Gansong on his own.In this battle, Lv Guang learned the lesson of failure, changed the direction of attack, avoided the decisive battle from the front, crossed the river unexpectedly, attacked the enemy unprepared, and won a big victory.
The first year of Longfei (396), Western Qin DynastyQifuketanCause and Qinzhou Animal HusbandryQifuyi PrefectureIf not, go to Lv Guang.
In the second year of Longfei's reign (397), Lv Guang wrote: "The ambition of returning a wolf is repeated. Our side, Qin and Zhao, in the Eastern Qing Dynasty, made an inscription on Kuaiji. Should we order the upright owl to stand against Taonan? Moreover, his brother's internal division is an opportunity to avoid going over to the present. He has imposed martial law at home and abroad, and I should beg for it myself." All the subordinates of Qiangui, begging Fu, please go to Chengji to avoid it,Qifu Qiangui thought, "The victory or defeat of an army is due to its skillfulness and clumsiness, which is not limited by the number of soldiers. Although the number of light soldiers is large, their younger brother is brave but not resourceful, which is not enough to fear. Moreover, their elite soldiers are all in Yansuo, and they are defeated, so they can go alone."[29]Lv Guang leads the garrison commander and sends his son Lv Zao to leadPoplar track, Dougou and others rode 30000 yuan to attack Jincheng.Beggar Fuqian leads the army to save him. Before he arrives, Lv Zai and others have captured Jincheng and captured the guard of Jincheng, Wei Jian.Lv Guang sent his general Wang Bao and other soldiers to challenge Qifu Qiangui with five thousand soldiers to stop the Qin army from moving. At the same time, he sent his generalLiang Gong, Jin Shisheng led more than 10000 people out of Yangwu Xiaxia, andQinzhouAssassinNot playing chessAttack the east, Tianshui DukeLvyanThe rare crowd attacked Lintao, Wushi and Heguan, all of which were conquered.Qifu Qiangui was shocked and cried, "Survival from death is just now." Then he sent someone to spread the news of weakness, saying, "When Qiangui comes back, people will collapse and become a discipline."[29]Lv Yan, Lv Guang's younger brother, believed that he was true and wanted to lead the army to pursue him. Lv YansimaGeng ZhiPersuaded: "Qian Guixiong is brave, but his strategy is unpredictableWang Guang, gYang DingWe should all win over our teachers to entice them. Although it is a small country, it should not be taken lightly.The trapped animal is still fighting. When it is dry, the wind will disperse.If the accuser looks high and turns pale, it will be a trick.Now, it's better to move forward in front of the troops and join them on foot and on horseback. When all the troops gather, Xu can destroy them at one stroke. "Lv Yan refuses to listen and leads the light cavalry to pursue.When the two armies met, Lv Yan was defeated and killed.Sima Gengzhi and the GeneralJiang XianCollect scattered soldiers and garrison them in rare places. Lv Guang also leads his army back to Gu Zang.
Historical evaluation
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Evaluation of historical records
Wei Shou: The barbarians are irreverent and have done harm to China and the emperor.Liu Yuan（Liu Cong、Stone tiger、Fu ShengLu Guang, Murong Xiang, Murong Yong, Murong ChaoMurong Chong、Murong Xi、Helianhuo）Such false names as theft, wolf violence as the stem, insulting the divine tools, stinging Li Yuan with poison, and causing chaos and chaos.Resentment accumulates misfortune and profit, and overturns the nest.It is God's will to wait for adults.[31]
Fang Xuanling: Shiming Wei was appointed as the general of the imperial court, so he was investigated with his heart and mind.The iron cavalry is like a cloud, coming out of the jade gate and concentrating;Carve a dagger to shine the scenery, and donate money to the hillock.The smallest Zou, the wind and fog, the grand plan of Zhuang Jie, is also called Yan.It belongs to Yonggu Transportation and Marketing, and all the heroes are cautious. There are coveted teachers on the right side of the class.So we should form six armies and peep at the wild goose tripod;The annexation of five prefectures led to a false fame.To control the Yellow River is to set up a danger, and to defeat the mysterious desert is to consolidate it. It is self described as "conquering the hegemony of prosperity" and "making great efforts".Looking for him, he became old and weak. He left his family and betrayed others. He closed his eyes and fought against the wall.XiSinolysisConforming, glorious and tired leaves;weiao Dry discipline will kill your life experience.However, the light abandons the Zisheng and follows the Bike to cover the chariot. For more than ten years, it has finally become disabled and destroyed.If the envoy corrects the evil and turns to the right, changes the hypocrisy into loyalty, proclaims the call of war and spreads the Jin Dynasty, uphold justice and punish the ugly prisoners, then the place of Yan and Qin can be settled, Huan and Wen can make contributions, and Guo Gui and Duan Ye can't be unscrupulous. Mengxun and Wu Gu can't see the gap.How absurd it is that indecent theft is not the basis.The great virtue of heaven and earth is life, and the great treasure of sages is position.If one is not in his place, his misfortune will be swift;He who forgets his virtue in his position will suffer.Heaven's lesson is not far away, but mediocrity can be excessive.[32]
Fu Jian: Lu Guang is loyal, filial, and upright. He must be different.[30]
Fuhong: Your appearance is very good, and you will be blessed.[30]
Zhang Daling: Lv Guangxiao was abusive and disorderly,Li HaoWhen taking advantage of fraud, Duan Yewen is always timid, and he is lucky enough to fall downHexi, Fuqu District,Five coolsThe division is based on five small counties to compete with the Central Plains. Liu, Shi, Fu, Yao, Dan, Dan, Hu and Shi are determined by Wei.To cover their scholars and let them live a peaceful life;If the land is dangerous, the river will be closed;Vulgarity is strong, while strength makes the soldiers bold and fierce.Therefore, if you have nothing to do, work hard to cultivate and herd. If you have something to do, you will attack.[33]
Anonymous: Lv Guang's talent stops at the general's ears.The Lv family won the country with a lot of troops. It took advantage of the Fu family's decline to win the country at one stroke. It was really a blessing of heaven, not the power of light.The light is based in Liangzhou. Without talents, how can we be safe.There are various scholars fighting inside, but they can't make it. They make it like a wall. There are Mengxun and Wugu outside, but they can't use it. Let the place where they live be called Gu.It's ridiculous.The death of the aftercooler really began with light.
Wang Fuzhi: Lv GuangDuvowei、Liu Yu、MingyuzhenHe tried hard to help his pride, repented of his impatience when he was killed, and became arrogant when he died.[34]
Cai Dongfan: Bald hair, black and solitary, can take advantage of the decline of light, and Juqu Mengxun's betrayal of Lv light is due to the violence of light.Black and light, I was afraid of killing my brother, so I had to close my tail and take off my wings, and was sealed by light.You can't wait until your hair is full.Mengxun was originally a minister of light. He had no resentment with light. When his father Luo Qiuqu was killed innocently, he became angry.One is to save it for the ordinary, the other is to force it to worship the imperial court. There are words to help all of them. It is not without them.However, if Lv Guang is able to cultivate political and criminal justice without being lazy, then Wu Gu cannot rise up. How can Mengxun suddenly change.The disaster of disintegration is not self defeating, but the disaster of disintegration.[35]
Anecdotes and allusions
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Sincerity and mystery
Lv Guang led his army to invade the Western Regions, and marched more than 300 miles through the vast Gobi and desert. There was no water source, and the soldiers were afraid.Lv Guang encouraged the soldiers to say, "I heardLi GuangliSincerity touches the heaven and earth, and springs out. Don't we have anything to touch the heaven and earth.The emperor will certainly help us. Don't worry. "Soon it began to rain heavily, and three feet of water rose on the flat land.[36]
Big Black Dragon
When Lv Guang attacked the city of Kucha, two words appeared in the meat print on his left elbow - "Big Boss".At night, there was a black object outside the camp, the size of which was like a broken dike. The horn on the head kept shaking, and the eyes were like electricity. When the dawn came, it was covered with clouds, and then it was invisible.In the daytime, when you look at the place where it stays, it is five miles from north to south, and more than 30 steps from east to west. The scales left on the ground can still be seen.Lv Guang said with a smile, "Black dragon, too." Soon there were dark clouds in the northwest, and the heavy rain washed away the traces.[37]
Night Dream Golden Elephant
Lv Guang attacked Qiuci City again. At night, he dreamed that the golden elephant flew out of Qiuci City.Lv Guang said, "This is the death of the Buddha. Hu will die." Soon after, he conquered the city of Kucha.[38]
Fu Yao Told His Dream
The Governor of Posts in Zhangye CountyFu YaoAssess subordinate counties and county magistrate of QiuchiYin XingKill him and throw his body into the empty well.Fu Yao entrusted a dream to Lv Guang: "I am a junior official in Zhangye County, and I was responsible for the investigation of all counties. But Yin Xing, the commander of Qiu Chi, was in a mess. He was afraid of what the officials said, and killed the officials and threw them into the empty well of the Nanting Pavilion. The clothes of the officials were like this." Lv Guang could still see the figure of Fu Yao after waking up, and it took a long time to disappear.Lv Guang sends envoys to verify the truth. As Fu Yao said in his dream, Lv Guang is furious and kills Yin Xing.
Bowing to catch insects
In the second year of Linjia, Juqu Luochou was appointed as the chief of Xining.In previous years, locusts gave birth in the fields. This month, they all became locusts, jumping in the fields.Lv Guang led officials and people to catch locusts in Yangchuan and the north bank of Zhuoshui.The locusts were caught at the place where the car drove.Therefore, the loss of wheat seedlings is very small.[39]
interpersonal relationship
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parent
Father:Lvpo Tower, Pre QinSili Xiaowei。Lv Guangjian, after cooling down, pursued the title ofLiang Jing Zhao Wang。
Mother: Mr. Lu Guangjian, the empress of Liang, pursued the title ofLiang Zhaolie Concubine.
brother
one
Lv Deshi, arrived during the civil unrest in the former Qin DynastyChou ChiAfter taking refuge, he went to Liangzhou to join Lu Guang.
two
Luta, General Zuo, was later awarded the title of Brazilian Duke.
three
Lv Bao, General Right.Lu Bao's SonLulongAfter taking the throne, I will follow Lu BaoweiEmperor Liang Wen.
The Shi family, a princess, stayed in the former Qin Dynasty when Lv Guang went to the Western Regions. When the former Qin Dynasty was in civil strife, he went to Qiu Chi and then to Liangzhou.When Lv Guang called Sanhe King, he named him Princess.
two
Shuyuan Zhao, the mother of Lv Zai.
Son
one
Lu Zuan，Taiyuan Duke, Captain.Lv Guangshu, the eldest son, later launched a coup to take the throne, namelyEmperor Liangling。
two
Lv Hong，Changshan Duke, Situ.Lv Zao's Succession to the throneDuke of Panhe County, envoys holding festivals, attendants, Dudu, Dudu, all military affairs at home and abroad, Dasi, horses, chariots, generals, Sili and Xiaowei, recorded books.
three
Lu Shao，crown princeAfter the death of Lv Guang, Lv Shao succeeded to the throne and was overthrown by Lv Zao in a coup. Lv Shao committed suicide.
