Turpan City (based on ۇ پ ن ش ە ى ى ى)[32]，Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionThe prefecture level city under its jurisdiction, located in the middle of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is an olive shaped intermountain basin in the east of Tianshan Mountains. It is surrounded by mountains on all sides, and belongs to a typical continental warm temperate desert climate. It is rich in heat but extremely dry, with rare rainfall and frequent gales, with a total area of 69713 square kilometers.[24]As of June 2023, Turpan has jurisdiction over 1 district and 2 counties.[6]By the end of 2023, there are 693400 permanent residents in Turpan, with an urbanization rate of 50.95%.[42]
In April 2015, the State Council approved the cancellation of Turpan and the establishment of prefecture level Turpan.Turpan, located in the hinterland of Eurasia, is the gateway of Urumqi and an important transportation hub of the New Silk Road and Eurasian Continental Bridge.Lanxin Railway and Nanjiang Railway meet here, forming a three-dimensional transportation system integrating "highway, railway and aviation" with Turpan Airport and G30 Line, which has the location and convenient transportation advantages of "connecting the north and south, connecting the east with the west, and going from west to east".[1]Turpan is a famous tourist city both at home and abroad. The famous cultural relics, Gaochang Ancient City and Jiaohe Ancient City, have been successfully included in the World Cultural Heritage List. There are a large number of ancient beacon ruins, caravans, food and buildings with unique styles. There are many tourist attractions (areas), and they are relatively concentrated.[23]In October 2017, it was awarded the National Garden City.[2-3]
In 2023, the gross regional product (GDP) will reach 58.811 billion yuan, an increase of 9.0% over the previous year at constant prices.[42]
Turpan is an ancient citythe Silk RoadThe important town of Shanghai, as early asNeolithicTime, six or seven thousand years ago, there were human activities.At that time, people in Turpan mainly hunted and collected.get intoslave societyLater, the mode of production gradually changed to agriculture, and graduallyTurpan BasinSettle down.According to《Redords of the Grand History of China》According to the records ofGuruPeople.They established Gushi (later called Gushi) in Turpan BasinCarman）CountryFox beardState, small fund attached to stateCheshi Houcheng Changguo、Cheshi Duwei State。
During the Western Han DynastyHunIt controlled most of the Western Regions and constantly invaded the Han Dynasty.In the third year of Jianyuan (138 BC)diplomat famed for exploits in Inner AsiaHe sent envoys to the Western Regions to unite with countries in the Western Regions to break the "right arm" of the Huns.The place of "Gushi" is an important channel for opening up the Western Regions, and its strategic position is extremely important.As a result, the Western Han Dynasty and the Huns waged a long-term and repeated struggle for "Gushi".YuanfengThree years ago (108 years ago), General Han dispatchedZhao BonuAnd Wang Hui rode tens of thousands of gramsLoulan, Broken Gushi.Gushi was renamed Cheshi, and his ministers belonged to the Western Han Dynasty.Cheshi was formed from the north and south of Bogda MountainCheshiguo。Soon, the Huns took control of the Cheshi again.In the third year of the Tianhan Dynasty (99 BC), the Han Dynasty took the surrender of the Huns to General Jie and Wang Chengbian as Kailing Marquis, led the troops of the Loulan State to attack chariots, and the Huns sentYouxian KingHe led tens of thousands of cavalry to rescue, and the Han soldiers were defeated.In the fourth year of Zhenghe (89 BC), the Han Dynasty sent Kailing Marquis and Loulan and other soldiers from six countries to encircle the Che Division, and the Che Division King surrendered to the Han Dynasty.In the first year of Yuanping (74 BC) of Emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty, the Huns reoccupied the chariot division and sent 4000 cavalry troops to garrison the fields here.In the first three years (71 years ago), the Han Dynasty andWusunThe combined forces attacked the Huns from the east and the west, and the Huns stationed their troops in the fields in Che Division fled in fear. The Che Division belonged to the Han Dynasty.Later, the Cheshi King married the Huns, and the Han Dynasty lost the Cheshi.In the second year of Dijie (68 years ago), Han ShilangZheng JiHe led troops to capture Jiaohe City and stationed 300 soldiers to garrison the field.The Huns sent troops to fight again.In the fourth year of Yuankang (62 BC), the Han Dynasty gave up the chariot division.In the second year of Shenjue (60 years ago), the Huns were in civil strife. The Huns ousted the king and led their people to surrender to the Han Dynasty.The land of Cheshi belonged to the Han Dynasty.The five major struggles between charioteers were called "five struggles for charioteers" in history.In the same year (60 years ago) when the Western Han Dynasty unified the Western Regions, it set up a capital in the Western Regions, with Zheng Ji as the first capital.Since then, the Western Regions have been included in the territory of the Han Dynasty.After Cheshi returned to the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty "divided the territory of the original Cheshi people into eight countries according to the geographical situation, including the former Cheshi country in the south of Bogda Mountain and now in Turpan.".The Book of Han · Biography of the Western Regions records that "Che Shi Qian Guo, Wang Zhi Jiaohe City (now the old city of Jiaohe in Turpan), the river flows around the city, so it is called JiaoheChang'anIt is eight thousand and one hundred and fifty li long, seven hundred households, six thousand and fifty mouths, and has won eight hundred and sixty-five soldiers. ".In the first year of the early Yuan Dynasty (48 BC), the Han Dynasty set Wuji Xiaowei in the former state of Cheshi, stationed in Jiaohe City, in charge of land reclamation in the Western Regions.In the fourth year of Yangshuo (21 years ago), Wuji Xiaowei moved to Gaochangbi (now the old city of Gaochang in Turpan).To the EastEmperor Guangwu of Han DynastyIn the first year of Jianwu (25 years), Che Shi's former state had annexed all the states in Turpan, and Jiaohe City became the first political, economic and cultural center in Turpan.
Turpan
After the 18th year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (75 years), the Huns fought against the Han Dynasty and besieged Cheshi.Wuji Xiaowei then withdrew and recovered several times.In the second year of Yanguang period (123 years), the Western Region Chief Shiban led 500 soldiers out of Liuzhong (now Lukeqin, Shanshan County) to conquer the Che Division.In the third year of Yan Guang's reign (124), Wuji Xiaowei was reinstated.
Jin dynasty，Cheshi QianguoReturning to Jin, Wuji Xiaowei of the Jin Dynasty was still located in Gaochang.After the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty, Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu) formed the Zhang's separatist regime.In the second year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (327),PrecoolingkingZhang JunCapture Gaochang and capture the traitor Wuji ColonelZhao Zhen, start settingGaochang County, and establish the county.It belongs to Shazhou (now Dunhuang, Gansu).In the first year of Taiyuan (376),Pre QinFu Jian destroys the former coolness.Gaochang County belongs to the former Qin Dynasty and Liangzhou.In the tenth year of Taiyuan (386), Lv Guang, the former general of the Qin Dynasty, who was ordered to go west to Qiuci (today's Kuqa), broke through Yiwu Pass and captured itLiangzhou, constructionAftercooling。Gaochang, Cheshi, the former national subordinate, and later Liang.In the 18th year of Taiyuan (394),LvguangHe sent his son Lv Fu to protect and guard Gaochang in the Western Regions.In the first year of Long'an (397), Liang Jiankang (now in the southwest of Jiuquan, Gansu Province) was promoted by Juqu men to be the governor of Dadu, and Liangzhou Mu, Jiankang Gong and Yuan Dynasty were changedDivine seal, occupy Gaochang.In the fourth year of Long'an (400 years), Li Gao established Xiliang and established a county in Gaochang.Cheshi's former official belonged to Xiliang.In the eighth year of Yixi (412), Juqu Mengxun established Beiliang.
Turpan
In the fifth year of Taichang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (420 years),Northern CoolmainJuqu MengxunWhen Xiliang was conquered, Gaochang was replaced by Beiliang, and the former state of Cheshi was courtier to it.In the fifth year of Taiyan (439), the Northern Wei Dynasty destroyed the northern cold,Kan ShuangSelf established as Gaochang Prefecture Chief.The remnants of Beiliang run west to Shanshan (today's Ruoqiang County).In the third year of Emperor Taiping (442), under the leadership of Juqu, the remnants of Northern Liang attacked and occupied Gaochang, and in the next year, they changed to Chengping, the Yuan Dynasty, and were called Liang Wang.And attack the former state of Cheshi in the west.In the 11th year of Emperor Taiping (450 years), Yiluo, the king in front of the Cheshi division, followed the Wei army to the west and left his son to defend the country.Juqu Anzhou and Rouran joined forces to besiege the city of Jiaohe in the former state of Che Shi. The Che Shi was defeated, ran west to Yanqi, and the former state of Che Shi was destroyed.In the first year of peace (460 years), Gaochang was destroyed gentlyKan BozhouAs the King of Gaochang and the capital of Gaochang, a local Han dynasty was established.Gaochangcheng became the political, economic and cultural center of Turpan.
Starting from Kan Bozhou, Turpan entered the Gaochang Kingdom.In the fifth year of Taihe (481) of Emperor Wen of Wei, the leader of Gaoche, Afu, went to Luoli and Zhang Mengming became the King of Gaochang.In the 20th year of Taihe (496), the Gaochang people killed Zhang Mengming and appointed Ma Ru as king.In the second year of Jingming (501), Ma Ru moved in. The old people in Gaochang loved the land and did not want to return to the east. So they killed Ma Ru and made Qu Jia king.Qu GaochangThe kingdom was once attached to Rouran, Gaoche, and Turks, and submitted to the Northern Wei, Western Wei, Zhou, and Sui dynasties, and was conferred titles by them.The kingdom was established as a county, a county, and a city system. The county set up a township, and the countryside set up a village.
Turpan
When the Tang Dynasty destroyed Gaochang,Gaochang KingdomJiaohe County, Tiandi County and Nanping County;Baisu, Yong'an, Wuban, Yancheng, Liupo, Shichang, Lin, Xinxing, Longquan, Anchang, Jiuquan, Weishen, Hengjie 14 counties;Gaoning, Linchuan, Ningrong, Yongchang, Zhucheng, Dujin and Dongzhen.In 639 (the 13th year of Zhenguan's reign), Gaochang rebelled against the Tang Dynasty and defected to the Western Turks, blocking the passage to the Western Regions.In the 14th year of Zhenguan period (640 years), the Tang Dynasty destroyed Gaochang, ending the 180 year history of Gaochang Kingdom. The Tang Dynasty sent officials and ministers to gather as the general manager of Jiaohe Road Army to lead the army to attack Gaochang.After the pacification of Gaochang, Xichang Prefecture was set up and changed into Xizhou, which implemented the county (township) and li system, with five counties under its jurisdiction.Gaochang County、Liuzhong CountyJiaohe County, Tianshan County (today's Toksun County), Puchang County (today's Shanshan County).In the same year when the Tang Dynasty established Xizhou, Anxi Metropolitan Protectorate was set up in Jiaohe CityQiao ShiwangHe was the first Anxi Duhu and governor of Xizhou.Anxi Metropolitan Protectorate governs 22 prefectures and 118 states.In the 22nd year of Zhenguan (648), Anxi Metropolitan Protectorate moved to Qiuci.In the first year of Yonghui (651), Xizhou was recalled.In the third year of Xianqing (658), he moved to Qiuci again.Xizhou was changed into the governor's office of Xizhou.In the second year of Longshuo (662), the Tibetan army entered the Western Regions and began to compete with Tang Changnian in the Western Regions.In the first year of Xianheng (670 years), the Tubo and the Western Turks allied forces to capture 18 states in the Western Regions. The Tang Dynasty abandoned four towns in Anxi and retreated to Xizhou.In the first year of the first year (689), Anxi Metropolitan Protectorate moved back to Xizhou.In the first year of Changshou in the Tang Dynasty (692), he moved to Qiuci again.In the second year of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty (714), the Tang Dynasty set up Tianshan Army in Xizhou.In the first year of Tang Tianbao (742), Xizhou was renamed Jiaohe County.In the first year of Emperor Qianyuan of the Tang Dynasty (758), the original establishment of Xizhou was restored.In the sixth year of Zhenyuan (790), the Tubo and the Uighur competed for Beiting (today's Jimsar), and the Tubo occupied Beiting.Later, Xizhou was captured.The Tubo and the Uighurs fought for Xizhou repeatedly for many years, and finally the Uighurs took control of Xizhou.In the seventh year of Xiantong (866), the Uighurs in BeitingFu GujunKexi Prefecture established the Gaochang Uighur Kingdom with Gaochang as the center, and the capital was Gaochang City.It was called "Xizhou Uighur" or "Gaochang Uighur" in history.
YuantaizuIn the fourth year (1209), the Gaochang Uighurs killed the "state supervisor" sent by the Western Liao Dynasty to the Gaochang Uighur State and attached it to Mongolia.The Gaochang Uighur Kingdom is called the Weiwuer Kingdom, and it also protects the rule of the king.In the 20th year of the Emperor Taizu (1225), Genghis Khan enfeoffed the princes, and Gaochang also protected the original jurisdiction.In the 11th year of the Zhiyuan era (1274), the Yuan Dynasty set up a judge officer in Weiwu'er.In the 12th year of the Zhiyuan era (1275), Chagatai Khanate Khan Duwa and Haidu joined forces against the Yuan Dynasty, led 120000 troops, and besieged Huozhou (the old city of Gaochang) for six months.Wei Wuer also protects Huo Chihar's Jin and sends his daughter to Duwa, and the rebels break through.After that, Duwa besieged Huozhou again.The Fire State fell.Huo Chi Hal's weight retreated to Hami force, and Hami fell with it.Huo Chihar's Jin died in battle, and his son Niulin's Jin led his team to Yongchang, Gansu Province.The Gaochang Uighur Kingdom existed in name but died in reality.In the 15th year of the Zhiyuan era (1278), the Yuan Dynasty set up the Procuratorate of Punishment at the beginning of Weiwu.In the 17th year of the Zhiyuan era (1280), a banknote delivery and promotion company was set up to exclusively manage the issuance and management of Zhiyuan banknotes.In the 18th year of the Zhiyuan era (1281), the sentence was revoked according to the procuratorate.In the 20th year of the Zhiyuan era (1283), Huozhou Xuanwei Department was set up to take charge of military and civilian affairs.In the third to sixth year of Dade (1299-1302), Duwa took control of Huozhou.In the tenth year of Dade (1306), Chaba'er, the son of Haidu, surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty, and the rebellion ended.Huozhou was under the direct jurisdiction of the Guiyuan Dynasty.In the first year of Zhishun (1330), the Yuan Dynasty re established the General Administration Office in Huozhou.At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Turpan was divided into Liucheng, Huozhou, and Turpan. All of them had Wanhu Mansion, Daruhuachi. The place name of Turpan appeared for the first time.In the seventh year of Zhizheng (1347), the East Chagatai Khanate attackedOccupy vomitLufan, Huozhou, Liucheng.Turpan, Huozhou and Liucheng officials belonged to the East Chagatai Khanate and paid tribute to the Ming Dynasty.
In the 13th year of the Zhengtong period of the Ming Dynasty (1448), Turpan's land was also densely populated with fire fighters who annexed Huozhou and Liucheng and became king.The political, economic and cultural center of Turpan began to form in today's Turpan.In the 23rd year of Chenghua (1487), Aheima was called Khan in Turpan in the east of East Chagatai Khanate, and established its capital in Turpan (Anle City).In the fourth year of Longqing (1570), the Yeerqiang Khanate occupied Turpan, which belonged to the Yeerqiang Khanate.
Administrative Division Map of Turpan City
In the 17th year of Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1678),Jungar KhanateHe once controlled Turpan and repeatedly fought with the Qing Dynasty.In the tenth year of Yongzheng's reign (1732), Jungar attacked Turpan, and Emin and Zhuo were defeated. He led more than 8000 troops to move to Guazhou, Gansu (now Anxi, Gansu).In the 20th year of Qianlong's reign (1755), the Qing Dynasty pacified Zhungeer, and Turpan belonged to the Qing Dynasty.In 1756, Emin and Zhuo moved back to Lukeqin (now Lukeqin, Shanshan County).In the 23rd year of Qianlong's reign (1758), the Qing Dynasty granted Emin and Zhuo the title of prince.In the 24th year of Qianlong's reign (1759), the minister of affairs and Tongzhi of Pizhan (today's Shanshan County) in the Qing Dynasty were subordinate to the Chief Secretary of Gansu Province.Build six cities in Turpan: Pizhan (today's Shanshan County), Turpan City (today's southeast of Turpan City), Lukeqin, Segengmu (today's golden), Harahezhuo, Toksun.The minister of affairs is stationed in the exhibition.It was implemented in Turpan after the establishment of an office ministerMilitary government systemIn parallel with Zasak restraint, Zasak is held by the prince.In the 36th year of Qianlong's reign (1771), there was an exhibition tour.In the 44th year of Qianlong's reign (1779), the minister of Pizhan was changed to the leader minister of Turpan, and Tongzhi moved to Guang'an City (the old city of Turpan today), and the administrative center was moved to Turpan.In the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870), Aguba, the Khanate of Kokand, occupied Turpan, Bizhan and Toksun cities, and built them back.In the third year of Guangxu (1877), the Qing Dynasty recovered Turpan, Pizhan and Toksun.In the tenth year of Guangxu (1884), Xinjiang became a province.Turpan Zhili HallIt was established and governs the areas of Turpan, Shanshan and Toksun.In the 28th year of Guangxu's reign (1902), Shanshan County was set up for the inspection of the exhibition and was subordinate to Turpan Hall.
During the Republic of China, the Zasak system was abandoned.In the early years of the Republic of China, Turpan still followed the establishment of the Qing Dynasty.In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the Zhili Hall of Turpan was changed to Turpan County, which now governs Turpan City and Toksun County.Together with Shanshan County, it belongs to Dihua Road (now Urumqi).In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), Turpan County and Shanshan County were subordinate toYanqi Taoism。In the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), the county government office was changed to the county government, the county magistrate was changed to the county head, the county set up a township, and the township was changed to a farming officer.In the 19th year of the Republic of China (1930)Tokson Administrative Bureau。In the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933), the county and district (township) system was implemented.In the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), Toksun County was established.After the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), Turpan, Shanshan and Toksun counties were successively subordinate to Dihua Administrative Region and Dihua Special Region.In the 33rd year of the Republic of China (1944), the Kuomintang government implemented the township (town) and insurance (A) system.In the 38th year of the Republic of China (1949), Turpan County had 3 towns, 9 townships, 68 Baotou and 795A;2 towns, 5 townships, 24 guarantees, 196 A in Shanshan County;120 A, 20 Bao, 1 town, 3 townships, Toksun County.
In 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded.On September 25 and 26, the Kuomintang of Xinjiang electrified the uprising, and Turpan, Shanshan and Toksun counties were peacefully liberated.
In 1950, the three counties abolished the security system, established people's political power, and implemented district (township) and village systems.In 1950, there were 12 districts and 48 townships in the three counties.There are 5 districts and 16 townships in Turpan County.4 districts and 16 townships in Shanshan County;There are 3 districts and 16 townships in Toksun County.
From 1950 to 1957, the three counties were under the jurisdiction of Dihua (later changed to Urumqi).
In 1958, the district (township) system was changed into the community (town) and team system.From 1958 to 1969, three counties were directly under the jurisdiction of autonomous regions.
From 1970 to 1974, Turpan County and Toksun County were subordinate to Urumqi City.Shanshan County belongs to Hami Prefecture.
In July 1975, the original Turpan region was established, governing three counties of Turpan, Shanshan and Toksun, with three towns, 17 communes and two horticultural farms.Turpan County governs 1 town, 7 communes and 1 horticultural farm;There are 1 town, 6 communes, 1 garden farm, 1 town and 4 communes under the jurisdiction of Shanshan County.
In 1984, the city implemented the township (town) and village system.In December of the same year, with the approval of the State Council, Turpan County was changed into a city.The former Turpan region governs Turpan City, Shanshan County and Toksun County.There are 10 towns, 15 townships, 1 ethnic township and 2 sub district offices.Turpan governs Laocheng Road Office, Gaochang Road Office, Qiquanhu Town, Daheyan Town, Yaer Township, Aiding Lake Township, Sanbao Township, Erbao Township, Grape Township, Shengjin Township, and Qiatekale Township.Shanshan County governs Shanshan Town, Lukeqin Town, Lianmuqin Town, Shanshan Railway Station Town, Qiketai Town, Dongbaza Hui Township, Bizhan Township, Dalangkan Township, Dikan Township and Tuyugou Township.Toksun County governs Toksun Town, Kumish Town, Kelian Town, Xia Township, Golbuyi Township, Yilahu Township and Bostan Township.[4]
In April 2015, the State Council approved the cancellation of the regional and county level Turpan City and the establishment of prefecture level Turpan City;Gaochang District is set up in Turpan, and the administrative region of the original county-level Turpan is the administrative region of Gaochang District;Turpan governs Shanshan County, Toksun County and the newly established Gaochang District in the original Turpan region.[5]
administrative division
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As of June 2023, Turpan has jurisdiction over 1 district and 2 counties:Gaochang District、Shanshan County、Tokson County。[6-7]The municipal people's government is located at No. 495, Lvzhou East Road, Gaochang District.
Administrative Region
Government residence
Subordinated towns
Gaochang District
Laocheng Road Street
Laochenglu Street, Gaochang Road Street, Putaogou Street, Hongliuhe Street, Qiquanhu Town, Daheyan Town, Ya'er Town, Aiding Lake Town, Putao Town, Huoyanshan Town, Qiatkale Township, Sanbao Township, Shengjin Township
Shanshan County
Shanshan Town
Shanshan Town, Qiketai Town, Shanshan Railway Station Town, Lianmuqin Town, Lukeqin Town, Bizhan Town, Dikan Town, Dongbaza Hui Township, Tuyugou Township, Dalangkan Township
Turpan is an olive shaped intermountain basin in the east of Tianshan Mountains, which is laid horizontally from east to west, surrounded by mountains on all sides.The basin starts from the mouth of Alashan Valley in the west and ends at the west mouth of Qijiaojing Valley in the east, 245km long from east to west;The north is the foot of Bogda Mountain;It reaches Kulutag Mountain in the south, about 75 kilometers wide from north to south.Turpan Basin has experienced the Jurassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary of geological age, and is an ancient basin gradually sagging. Especially during the Himalayan orogeny 30 million years ago, the Bogda Mountain in the north of the basin rose sharply, while the Kuruktag Mountain in the south and north of the basin rose slightly, and the fault between the two mountains collapsed, finally forming a high north and low southAn asymmetric basin wide in the west and narrow in the east.In the central part, there are Flaming Mountains and the remnants of Bortuoula Mountains across the territory, dividing the local area into the south and the north.The water surface of Aiding Lake at the bottom of the basin, 155 meters below the sea level, is the lowest basin in China, and only next to the Jordan Dead Sea, 391 meters below the sea level in the world. It is the second lowest land in the world. With Aiding Lake as the center, it is a ring-shaped terrain composed of three ring belts.The outer ring is composed of high mountains and snow ridges, with Bogda Mountain in the north;There is Kurutag Mountain in the south;In the west, there are Karawu mountains;There is Mount Kumtag in the southeast.The central ring of the basin is a gobi gravel belt that has been weathered and denuded by mountains for a long time and transported by flowing water.The third ring of the basin is the oasis plain belt.[8]
climate
Turpan is a typical continental warm temperate desert climate, with sufficient sunshine, rich heat but extremely dry, rare rainfall and frequent gales, so it is called "Huozhou" and "wind reservoir".The annual sunshine hours here are about 3000-3200 hours, about 1000 hours more than those in eastern China at the same latitude. The annual solar radiation is 139.5-150.4 kcal/cm2, 15-20 kcal/cm2 more than that in northern China and northeast China at the same latitude, second only to the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.The annual average temperature is 13.9 ℃, and the hot days above 35 ℃ are more than 100 days.The extreme high temperature in summer is 49.6 ℃, and the surface temperature is more than 70 ℃, with a record of 82.3 ℃.The local people have always said that "cooked eggs are baked in the sand nest" and "cooked cakes are baked on stones".Extreme minimum temperature in winter - 28.7 ℃;The daily temperature difference and annual temperature difference are both large. The annual effective accumulated temperature is more than 5300 ℃ and the frost free period is about 210 days in the long run.Due to the hot and dry climate, it is dry and rainless. The annual average precipitation is only 16.4mm, while the evaporation is up to more than 3000mm.[9]
hydrology
There are 14 main rivers in Turpan, including 9 rivers originating from the territory (the big river along the river, the Tarlang River, the Meiyaogou River, the Heigou River, the Chalkan River; the Ertanggou River, the Kokoya River, the Kanerqi River; the Koerjian River), mainly originating from the northern Tianshan Mountains;There are 5 rivers (Baiyang River, Alagou, Yuer Valley, Usitong Valley, Zulu Mutu Valley) originating from abroad.The middle and high mountain area in the west and north of Turpan Basin is the main formation area of water resources. The plain area has little precipitation, which has little significance for surface water and groundwater recharge. It is the distribution area of water resources.[10]
natural resources
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water resource
The total amount of water resources in Turpan is 1.26 billion cubic meters, including 1.06 billion cubic meters of surface water resources (660 million cubic meters of domestic production and 400 million cubic meters of overseas inflow), and 200 million cubic meters of groundwater resources (non repetitive).The available water resources are 1.226 billion cubic meters, including 632 million cubic meters of surface water resources and 594 million cubic meters of groundwater resources.[10]
plant resources
The forest area of Turpan is 3.4678 million mu, the forest coverage rate is 3.31%, and the oasis coverage rate is 18.52%.The city's forest resources are mainly composed of natural coniferous and broad-leaved forests in the northern Tianshan Mountains, desert shrubs distributed in the front of mountains, deserts, and the periphery of oases, and plain oasis plantations.The natural coniferous and broad-leaved forest in mountainous areas is 160000 mu, and the main tree species are spruce, aspen, willow, etc., which are distributed in Gaochang and the Tianshan Mountains in the north of Shanshan. It is an important forest for water and soil conservation and water conservation.The desert shrubbery covers an area of 2.01 million mu. The main tree species are Haloxylon ammodendron, Ephedra equisetifolia, Salix koraiensis and other shrubberies, which are distributed in the front of mountains, deserts and the periphery of oases and are the natural barriers of oases.The plain oasis plantation is 1.2978 million mu, which is divided into protection forest (mainly farmland protection forest and sand fixation forest) and economic forest, and is the main body of the oasis protection forest system.Among them, 94800 mu is farmland shelterbelt and 400000 mu is sand fixation forest.[12]
Since ancient times, Turpan has enjoyed the reputation of "China's Holy City of Grapes" and "World Characteristic Wine Producing Area", and is one of the important wine producing areas in China.[40]
Animal resources
There are nearly 30 kinds of national protected animals in Turpan, among which the first level protected animals are golden eagles, jade belts, sea eagles, snow leopards, white shouldered eagles, Mongolian wild donkeys, wild camels, northern goats, great bustards, spotted bustards, black storks, white storks;The animals under secondary protection include red deer, Owl antelope, argali sheep, Tarim rabbit, black bear, alpine snow chicken, goshawk, buzzard, kestrel, eagle bird, longitudinally bellied trumpet bird, long eared bird, short eared bird, kite, brown tailed buzzard, swans and swans.Other animals living in Turpan are swallow, wild goose, cuckoo bird, louyan, red tailed shrike, grey shrike, red necked thrush, swallow, desert sparrow, red rumped rosefinch, turtle dove, boot fence warbler, small white throated warbler, black throat rock, European turtle dove, grey turtle dove, brown turtle dove, tit, guala chicken, large cuckoo, short toed sand lark, phoenix lark, fishhawk, crow, magpie, wild duck, sparrow eagleWild pigeons, woodpeckers, sparrows, wild boars, wolves, sand foxes, red foxes, marmots, big eared hedgehogs, late brown bats, flapping wings, ring necked pheasants, tiger ferrets, lizards, etc.[13]
mineral resources
Turpan has superior metallogenic conditions. It is located in the famous East Tianshan metallogenic belt. It has great prospecting potential, complete mineral types, good supporting facilities, obvious resource advantages, large reserves of proven resources, good quality, centralized distribution, and good development conditions, which are conducive to large-scale development and utilization.68 minerals (including subspecies) have been found, accounting for 49.2% of the 138 minerals found in the whole autonomous region, and 39.7% of the 171 minerals found in China, including 4 energy minerals, 18 metal minerals, 40 non-metallic minerals, and 3 water gas minerals.More than 400 ore producing areas have been found, including 146 of a certain scale, including 6 super large, 13 large, 47 medium and 80 small ones.Coal, oil, natural gas, gold, iron, copper, mirabilite, granite, sodium nitrate, bentonite and other mineral resources have large reserves and great development potential.Among the minerals with proven resource reserves, coal, oil and natural gas rank in the forefront of the whole autonomous region;The resource reserves of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and smectite rank first in China;The resource reserves of granite for decoration rank first in the whole autonomous region, and bentonite ranks second in the whole autonomous region.[11]
population
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According to the data of the seventh census, as of 0:00 on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Turpan City is 693988.[22]
By the end of 2023, there are 693400 permanent residents in Turpan, including 353300 urban permanent residents.The urbanization rate is 50.95%.The annual birth rate is 6.79 ‰;The mortality rate was 6.21 ‰;The natural growth rate is 0.58 ‰.[42]
Change of permanent population in Turpan (2018-2023)
Reference source:[25][35-39][42]
There are 27 nationalities living in Turpan, including Uygur, Han, Hui, Kazak, Mongolian, Xibo, Russian, Manchu, Uzbek, Tajik, Buyi, Dong, Lisu, Gaoshan, Naxi, Tibetan, Miao, Yi, Zhuang, Korean, Yao, Bai, Tujia, Dongxiang, Tu, Qiang and Yugu.[14]
As of May 2024, the reference source[15][27][31][33-34][41]
Sister city
Chaohu City, Anhui Province
Dalian, Liaoning Province
Yantai, Shandong
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Weifang City, Shandong Province
Huairou District, Beijing
Daxing District
Xuanwu District, Beijing
Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province
Liaoyuan City, Jilin Province
Handan City, Hebei Province
Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province
Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province
Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province
Deyang City, Sichuan Province
Hengyang City, Hunan Province
Changsha, Hunan Province
Yueyang City, Hunan Province
Changning District, Shanghai
Xuhui District, Shanghai
Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province
Huizhou City, Guangdong Province
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Economics
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overview
In 2023, according to the unified accounting of the regional GDP, Turpan will achieve a regional GDP of 58.811 billion yuan, an increase of 9.0% over the previous year at constant prices.Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 8.013 billion yuan, up 5.5%;The added value of the secondary industry was 31.78 billion yuan, up 13.5%;The added value of the tertiary industry was 19.018 billion yuan, up 5.2%.The three industrial structure was adjusted from 14.6:52.8:32.6 in the previous year to 13.6:54.0:32.3.The annual per capita GDP was 84919 yuan.[42]
Gross regional product and growth rate from 2019 to 2023
Proportion of added value of three industries in GDP from 2019 to 2023
By the end of 2023, there were 7333 new urban jobs in Turpan.457 people are in employment.There are 1465 registered unemployed people in cities and towns.3106 unemployed people were re employed, and 70300 rich rural labor were transferred to employment.[42]
In 2023, the consumer price (CPI) of Turpan will rise by 0.3% over the previous year.Among them, food prices dropped by 1.4%;Service prices rose by 1.5%.[42]
In 2023, the investment in fixed assets (excluding farmers) in Turpan will increase by 21.0% over the previous year.Among the fixed asset investment, the investment in the primary industry dropped 71.5% over the previous year;Investment in the secondary industry increased by 35.4%, of which industrial investment increased by 37.1%;Investment in the tertiary industry dropped by 28.8%.Private fixed asset investment increased by 27.3%, infrastructure investment decreased by 51.8%, and social investment decreased by 21.0%.
Growth rate of fixed asset investment and proportion of investment in three industries from 2019 to 2023[42]
In 2023, the investment in real estate development in Turpan will be 1.488 billion yuan, an increase of 19.8% over the previous year.Among them, residential investment was 1.093 billion yuan, up 17.7%;The investment in office buildings was 500 million yuan, down 24.4%;The investment in commercial housing was 307 million yuan, up 10.2%.
In 2023, the construction area of houses in Turpan will be 4.0541 million square meters, an increase of 11.3%, of which the residential area will be 2.5769 million square meters, an increase of 19.3%.The completed housing area was 405100 square meters, an increase of 2.0 times, of which the completed residential area was 349900 square meters, an increase of 10.4 times.The sales area of commercial housing was 311300 square meters, up 55.2%.[42]
In 2023, the general public budget revenue of Turpan will be 6.82 billion yuan, an increase of 15.8% over the previous year.Among them, the tax revenue was 3.982 billion yuan, up 8.1%.In terms of tax distribution, the VAT revenue was 1.464 billion yuan, up 7.2%;The corporate income tax revenue was 758 million yuan, down 17.8%;Personal income tax income was 124 million yuan, down 2.5%;Resource tax revenue was 310 million yuan, down 27.4%.Non tax income was 2.839 billion yuan, up 28.5%.
In 2023, the general public budget expenditure of Turpan will be 11.966 billion yuan, an increase of 0.8% over the previous year.Among them, the expenditure on general public services was 1.418 billion yuan, down 5.4%;Education expenditure was 2.398 billion yuan, up 7.7%;Expenditures on culture, tourism, sports and media reached 239 million yuan, up 41.4%;Expenditure on social security and employment was 1.161 billion yuan, up 8.7%;Health expenditure was 1.323 billion yuan, down 3.8%;Energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure was 177 million yuan, up 50.1%;Urban and rural community expenditure was 653 million yuan, down 14.9%.[42]
primary industry
In 2023, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Turpan will reach 13.094 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1% over the previous year (calculated at comparable prices, the same below).Among them, the agricultural output value was 11.09 billion yuan, up 5.9%;The output value of animal husbandry was 1.306 billion yuan, up 7.4%;The output value of professional and auxiliary activities in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 650 million yuan, up 9.3%.
In 2023, the area of crops sown (including reseeding and interplanting) in Turpan will be 1007800 mu, down 5.5% year on year.Among them, the grain planting area was 99000 mu, an increase of 25.3%;The cotton planting area was 102500 mu, up 3.5%;The planting area of melons and fruits was 290900 mu, down 17.5%;Cumin planting area was 13100 mu, an increase of 1.3 times.
In 2023, the area of fruit planting in Turpan will be 764200 mu, down 0.8%, of which the area of grape planting will be 632800 mu, up 16.8%.
In 2023, the grain output of Turpan will be 38500 tons, an increase of 17.0% over the previous year;11800 tons of cotton, up 7.1%;785100 tons of melons and fruits, down 6.8%;Cumin was 1200 tons, an increase of 1.4 times.
In 2023, the output of characteristic trees and fruits in Turpan will be 1.6484 million tons, an increase of 13.8%, including 1.5732 million tons of grapes, an increase of 17.3%;52900 tons of apricot, down 36.0%;There were 22300 tons of red dates, down 10.4%.[42]
Grape yield and growth rate from 2019 to 2023
In 2023, the meat output of Turpan will be 23000 tons, an increase of 7.3% over the previous year.Among them, the mutton output was 10000 tons, up 4.5%;The beef output was 8900 tons, up 11.0%.Egg production was 700 tons, down 13.2%;Milk output was 4100 tons, up 4.3%.At the end of the year, there were 1012500 livestock and poultry on hand, down 3.2% from the end of the previous year.1.076 million livestock and poultry were sold, an increase of 4.8% over the end of the previous year.
By the end of 2023, the total power of agricultural machinery in Turpan was 675300 kilowatts, an increase of 0.3% over the previous year.1786 small tractors, down 40.0%;2955 medium-sized tractors, down 1.3%;218 large tractors and above, up 17.2%.At the end of the year, the amount of fertilizer used in the city (converted into pure fertilizer) was 23300 tons, up 4.0%.[42]
the secondary industry
In 2023, the total industrial added value will be 28.421 billion yuan, an increase of 14.1% over the previous year.Among them, the added value of industries above designated size increased by 16.9%.In industries above designated size, by economic type, the added value of state-owned holding enterprises increased by 6.6%, foreign invested enterprises, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan invested enterprises decreased by 2.8%, and private holding enterprises increased by 29.1%.In terms of scale, large enterprises increased by 20.3%, medium-sized enterprises by 21.5%, and small and micro enterprises by 8.6%.In light and heavy industries, light industry grew by 33.7% and heavy industry by 16.7%.In terms of categories, the mining industry grew by 8.2%, the manufacturing industry grew by 24.6%, and the production and supply of electricity, heat, gas and water grew by 23.6%.
Total industrial added value and growth rate from 2019 to 2023
In 2023, among the ten major industries above designated size in Turpan, the added value of coal mining and washing industry will increase by 15.6% over the previous year, chemical raw material and chemical products manufacturing industry will increase by 23.1%, power and heat production and supply industry will increase by 22.1%, oil and gas mining industry will increase by 2.6%, non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry will increase by 27.1%, and non-metallic mineral products industry will increase by 54.1%,Oil, coal and other fuel processing industries declined by 12.9%, mining professional and auxiliary activities declined by 8.2%, nonferrous metal mining and processing industry declined by 13.0%, and gas production and supply industry increased by 50.3%.
Proportion of added value of ten major industries in the added value of industries above designated size
Output of Main Industrial Products in 2023
Product name
Unit of measurement
Absolute number
Increase/decrease over the previous year (±)%
Raw coal
10000 tons
two thousand and five point three four
-18.8
Crude oil
10000 tons
one hundred and forty-two
two point two
natural gas
100 million cubic meters
three
Flat
synthetic rubber
10000 tons
forty point zero three
seventy-one point eight
Wine
Kiloliter
one thousand one hundred and thirty-nine
thirty-one point one
yarn
10000 tons
three point three four
forty-one point nine
Coke
10000 tons
two hundred and seventy-four point two four
-8.2
PVC resin
10000 tons
eighty-eight point seven nine
zero point eight
Calcium carbide
10000 tons
two hundred and eight point eight four
-2.2
Cement
10000 tons
two hundred and seventy-nine point nine one
eighty-three point one
Gold
Kg
two hundred and six
eleven point three
silicon
10000 tons
eighty-two point two one
sixty-two point eight
Power generation
100 million kilowatt hours
two hundred and forty-nine point six six
eleven point four
Thermal power
100 million kilowatt hours
one hundred and eighty-six point one six
fifteen point one
Wind power
100 million kilowatt hours
forty-four point seven three
-2.5
solar energy
100 million kilowatt hours
eighteen point three three
fourteen point three
In 2023, the operating revenue of industrial enterprises above designated size in Turpan will reach 78.86 billion yuan, an increase of 3.6% over the previous year.The annual cost of industrial enterprises above designated size per 100 yuan of operating income was 83 yuan, an increase of 8 yuan over the previous year;The average number of workers was 36700, an increase of 10.2% over the previous year.At the end of the year, the asset liability ratio of industrial enterprises above designated size was 69.0%, 3.3 percentage points higher than that at the end of the previous year.
In 2023, the added value of the construction industry in Turpan will be 4.279 billion yuan, an increase of 7.7% over the previous year.The city's 36 general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises with qualification levels achieved a total output value of 3.401 billion yuan in the construction industry, an increase of 19.4% over the previous year.Building construction area of construction enterprises was 273400 square meters, down 51.4%;The output value of completed houses was 1.807 billion yuan, up 29.6%.[42]
the service sector; the tertiary industry
Service industry
In 2023, the added value of the tertiary industry in Turpan will be 19.018 billion yuan, an increase of 5.2% over the previous year.Among them, the added value of wholesale and retail industry was 1.045 billion yuan, up 13.1%;The added value of transportation, warehousing and postal services was 3.445 billion yuan, up 11.2%;The added value of accommodation and catering industry was 533 million yuan, up 23.2%;The added value of the financial industry was 1.415 billion yuan, up 5.1%;The added value of the real estate industry was 1.425 billion yuan, up 3.7%;The added value of other service industries was 9.838 billion yuan, up 2.4%.In the whole year, the operating income of service enterprises above designated size was 6.470 billion yuan, up 3.5% over the previous year.
In 2023, the total business volume of the postal industry in Turpan will be 131 million yuan, an increase of 39.2% over the previous year. The postal industry will complete 41300 pieces of postal letter business and 9300 pieces of parcel business throughout the year.The express business volume was 4.9976 million pieces, and the express business income was 82.67 million yuan.
By the end of 2023, the total number of telephone users in Turpan will be 884500, including 722300 mobile phone users, and the penetration rate of mobile phones will be 104.30 per 100 people.363400 fixed Internet broadband access users and 580400 mobile Internet users.[42]
Domestic trade and foreign economy
In 2023, the total retail sales of consumer goods in Turpan will reach 7.22 billion yuan, an increase of 16.3% over the previous year.Among the retail sales of commodities above the designated size, the retail sales of grain, oil and food increased by 8.4% over the previous year, the retail sales of beverages decreased by 8.9%, the retail sales of tobacco and alcohol decreased by 15.8%, the retail sales of clothing, shoes and hats, knitwear and textiles increased by 1.2 times, the retail sales of cosmetics decreased by 25.3%, the retail sales of daily necessities increased by 27.8%, the retail sales of books, newspapers and magazines increased by 14.8%, the retail sales of household appliances and audio-visual equipment decreased by 45.2%, and the retail sales of Chinese and western medicines increased by 16.3,The number of automobiles increased by 16.9%.
In 2023, the total import and export of goods in Turpan will be 69.79 million dollars, an increase of 89.5% over the previous year.Among them, the total export volume was 69.12 million US dollars, an increase of 2.4 times;Total imports were 670000 US dollars, down 95.9%.[42]
Finance and Insurance
By the end of 2023, the balance of local and foreign currency deposits of financial institutions in Turpan had reached 39.95 billion yuan, an increase of 5.1% over the previous year.Among them, household deposits were 25.039 billion yuan, up 8.6%, and non-financial enterprise deposits were 6.862 billion yuan, down 3.8%.
By the end of 2023, the balance of local and foreign currency loans of financial institutions in Turpan had reached 35.933 billion yuan, an increase of 14.9% over the previous year.Among them, household loans amounted to 7.695 billion yuan, up 20.0%, and non-financial enterprises and institutions loans amounted to 28.238 billion yuan, up 13.5%.
In 2023, the premium income of insurance companies in Turpan will be 1.178 billion yuan, an increase of 0.1% over the previous year.Among them, life insurance premium income was 548 million yuan, property insurance premium income was 329 million yuan, and health insurance and accident insurance income was 300 million yuan.All kinds of insurance claims and payments in the year were 526 million yuan, an increase of 25.0% over the previous year.Among them, property insurance claims were 235 million yuan, life insurance benefits were 132 million yuan, and health and accident insurance claims and benefits were 159 million yuan.[42]
tourism
In 2023, there will be 41 Grade A scenic spots in Turpan, including 1 Grade 5A, 9 Grade 4A, 18 Grade 3A and 13 Grade 2A.31 star hotels.22 travel agencies.60 star farmhouses.The number of domestic and foreign tourists received throughout the year was 26.2817 million, an increase of 1.3 times over the previous year.Among them, 26.2622 million domestic tourists, an increase of 1.3 times;19500 international tourists.The annual tourism revenue reached 20.281 billion yuan, up 2.2 times.[42]
social undertakings
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education
In 2023, there will be 141 schools of all kinds (excluding kindergartens, the same below) in Turpan, with enrollment of 30400, 127200 students in school and 27500 graduates.Among them, there is one higher vocational school, with 2800 new students, 6600 students and 18000 graduates;Two secondary vocational schools (including technical secondary schools and vocational high schools), with 2100 students, 4500 students and 13000 graduates;There are 7 ordinary high schools, with 5400 new students, 14700 students and 3900 graduates;There are 32 junior high schools, with 9900 students enrolled, 31700 students in school and 9800 graduates;There are 97 primary schools, with 10200 students, 69600 students and 10600 graduates.There is one special education school with 132 students.
By the end of 2023, there are 177 kindergartens in Turpan with 24700 children in the kindergartens.[42]
Science and technology
In 2023, there will be 25 new science and technology projects in Turpan, including 2 major science and technology projects, 21 key research and development projects, and 2 demonstration projects for transformation of scientific and technological achievements.At the end of the year, there were 7 research and technology development institutions affiliated to departments above the county level, 4 engineering technology research centers that had been listed, 30 high-tech enterprises, 1 high-tech industrial park, 5 productivity promotion centers, 7 Starworld, and 7 maker spaces.[42]
Cultural undertakings
By the end of 2023, there are 3 art performance groups, 4 cultural centers, 32 cultural stations, 4 public libraries, 2 museums and 4 archives in the cultural system of Turpan.At the end of the year, there were 9 FM TV transmission stations in the city.The comprehensive population coverage rate of radio and television in the city is 98.72% and 98.72% respectively.
In 2023, there will be 13 national level cultural relics protection units, 56 autonomous region level cultural relics protection units and 297 county-level cultural relics protection units in Turpan.[42]
medical and health work
By the end of 2023, there are 420 medical and health institutions in Turpan, including 15 hospitals, 28 township hospitals, 4 disease prevention and control centers, 4 maternal and child health care centers (stations), 145 outpatient departments, clinics, health centers, and clinics, and 180 village clinics.At the end of the year, there were 4832 health technicians, including 1425 licensed doctors, 254 licensed assistant doctors and 2151 registered nurses.Medical and health institutions have 4328 beds, including 2716 hospitals and 1400 township hospitals.[42]
Sports
In 2023, Turpan sports athletes won 13 champions, 20 runners up and 23 runners up in the annual competition of the autonomous region.One athlete who has reached the national first level athlete standard and 11 athletes who have reached the national second level athlete standard.[42]
social security
Per capita disposable income and growth rate of urban residents from 2019 to 2023
Per capita disposable income and growth rate of rural residents from 2019 to 2023
In 2023, the per capita disposable income of residents in Turpan will be 28695 yuan, an increase of 7.7% over the previous year, and 7.3% in real terms after deducting price factors.According to permanent residence, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 40762 yuan, an increase of 6.3% over the previous year, and the real growth was 6.0% after deducting price factors.The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 19676 yuan, an increase of 8.7% over the previous year, and an actual increase of 8.4% after deducting price factors.
In 2023, the per capita consumption expenditure of residents in Turpan will be 18253 yuan, an increase of 8.8%.By permanent residence, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 24705 yuan, up 9.6%;The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 13430 yuan, up 6.9%.The Engel coefficient of urban households is 31.9%, including 28.9% for urban households and 36.1% for rural households.
By the end of 2023, 151200 people had participated in the basic endowment insurance for urban employees in Turpan, an increase of 16000 over the end of the previous year.264300 people participated in the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents, a decrease of 16000 people.582200 people participated in basic medical insurance, a decrease of 8000 people.Among them, 120900 people participated in basic medical insurance for employees, an increase of 5800 people;461400 people participated in basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents, a decrease of 13800 people.83900 people participated in unemployment insurance, an increase of 2000 people.117400 people participated in industrial injury insurance, an increase of 19500 people.90600 people participated in maternity insurance, an increase of 6200 people.
By the end of 2023, a total of 1620 people in Turpan will enjoy the urban minimum living security, 20738 people will enjoy the rural minimum living security, and 369 people will enjoy the assistance and support of rural people in extreme poverty. 801 people will receive temporary assistance throughout the year.
By the end of 2023, there are 11 social service institutions providing accommodation in Turpan, with 721 beds.The annual sales of welfare lottery tickets reached 212 million yuan.[42]
Transportation
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In 2023, the cargo transportation volume of Turpan will be 14.1817 million tons, an increase of 10.1% over the previous year.The turnover of freight transportation was 1.966 billion ton kilometers, up 6.4%.
In 2023, the total passenger transport volume of Turpan will be 1.8582 million, an increase of 35.7% over the previous year.Passenger transport turnover reached 262 million person kilometers, up 3.9 times.
By the end of 2023, Turpan has 169200 motor vehicles (including tricycles and low-speed trucks), an increase of 7.5% over the previous year.Among them, the car ownership was 130500, up 7.4%.Among all kinds of vehicles, there were 102400 personal cars (including tricycles and low-speed trucks), up 9.4%.[42]
Historical culture
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overview
Turpan is an important town on the ancient Silk Road. With more than 4000 years of cultural accumulation, it was once one of the political, economic and cultural centers of the Western Regions.More than 200 cultural sites have been found, and more than 40000 cultural relics from prehistory to modern times have been unearthed. From the unearthed cultural relics, Turpan has used at least 18 ancient languages and 25 languages. A large number of cultural relics and historical facts prove that Turpan is one of the four cultural systems with profound influence in the world, namely, Chinese culture, Indian culture, Greek culture, and Islamic culture, as well as Shamanism, Zoroastrianism, BuddhismThe intersection of Taoism, Nestorianism, Manichaeism and Islam.
folk custom
Grape Festival
Grapes in Turpan
On June 9, 1990, the Organizing Committee of the Turpan Grape Festival held its first press conference in the Turpan Hall of the People's Hall of the Autonomous Region: since 1990, the Turpan Grape Festival on the Chinese Silk Road has been held in Turpan on August 20 every year.[16]
Customs and taboos
Most of the ethnic minority compatriots in Turpan believe in Islam and do not eat pork, lard or any food made of pork or lard.Do not eat animals that have not been slaughtered by chanting sutras, livestock and poultry that have died of illness, or the blood of any animal or the meat of cats, dogs, donkeys, mules, and other animals.
It is not allowed to throw food at random.It is forbidden to spit, fart, blow your nose, yawn, etc. during eating and talking.
Art
Turpan Muqam is known as one of the ancient sources of the twelve Muqams in Xinjiang, and its spreading center isShanshanDomesticLukeqin。Lukeqin is the seat of Turpan Prefecture and Prince's Mansion. It was once the political, economic and cultural center of Turpan in history. Turpan Muqam is rising, developing and spreading from here.The lyrics of Turpan Muqam are composed of classical poetry and folk songs, which have two styles of language. In addition, it also uses the polysyllabic long sentence "Azele" metrical poetry.Turpan Muqam is an ancient and traditional art wonder in Turpan, which has been published and won the national award.
famous scenery
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Turpan is rich in tourism cultural relics resources.By the end of 2022, the city has 13 national level cultural relics protection units, 56 autonomous region level cultural relics protection units, and about 291 county-level cultural relics protection units.There are 39 Grade A scenic spots, including 1 Grade 5A, 8 Grade 4A and 16 Grade 3A.[25]
Astana Ancient Tombs
Astana Ancient Tombs, about 40 kilometers away from Turpan.It is a public cemetery for urban and rural officials and people in the ancient Gaochang Kingdom, 5 kilometers long from east to west and 2 kilometers wide from south to north.Tombs are buried according to the family caste, with natural gravel as the boundary.
Turpan
The shape of Astana tomb is a cave tomb with a sloping tomb path.The plane shape of the ancient tomb is like "A".In front of the tomb, there is a 10 meter long ramp tomb path. At the end of the path is the tomb, which is the place where the dead rest. The tomb is generally more than 2 meters high and 4 meters square. The top of the tomb is flat or dome shaped.Thousands of precious cultural relics have been unearthed in ancient tombs, including books, epitaphs, paintings, clay figurines, pottery, wood, gold, stone and other artifacts, as well as ancient coins, silk, cotton and wool fabrics. Especially precious is the mummy unearthed here, that is, Chinese mummy, which is comparable to that in Egypt.
Astana Ancient Tomb is mainly used to bury Han people. At the same timeCarman、Turkic、Hun、High carAnd ethnic minority residents such as the nine surnames of Zhaowu.
Turpan Museum
Turpan
Turpan MuseumLocated on the west side of the most prosperous Gaochang Road in Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, it was completed in 1989 and covers an area of 9 muIndricotherium The exhibition hall is composed of two parts, with a total floor area of 2000 square meters.The Turpan Museum has 3287 collections, including 135 national first-class cultural relics, 260 secondary cultural relics, and 640 tertiary cultural relics. It is the largest museum in Xinjiang.
There are nearly 300 cultural relics on display in the Turpan Unearthed Cultural Relics Exhibition Hall, including 28 national first-class cultural relics.The world-famous unearthed documents in Turpan include contracts, account books, official documents, private letters, etc.These cultural relics are important materials for studying the history of the Sui and Tang dynasties in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Ancient minority documents such as Sogde, Huili and Sanskrit are valuable materials for studying the ancient languages of ethnic minorities.[17]
Shashan Park
Shashan ParkLocated in Bizhan Township, Shanshan County, with an average altitude of 300 meters, the north side is close to the county seat of Shanshan County. Shashan Park is a park built by taking advantage of the special geographical environment of the oasis contact zone on the northern edge of Kumtag Desert. Since its inception in 1990, it has begun to take shape.The park is divided into two parts, north and south, and is divided by a slow flow that crosses from east to west at the edge of the sand mountain.The north covers an area of 500 mu, and the east is a water activity area, a cultural and entertainment area, a children's activity area, a flower viewing area and a vineyard.To the west are lawn areas and botanical gardens.The southern area is desert, including desert activity area, sand therapy area and desert plant area.[18]
iduqut shahri
kumtag desert
iduqut shahri It is located near the Flaming Mountain Township, about 46 kilometers east by south of Turpan.After more than 1300 years of changes in Gaochang Prefecture, Gaochang Kingdom, Xizhou, Uighur Gaochang, Huozhou, etc., Gaochang City was destroyed by war in the 14th century AD.In 1961, it was listed as a key cultural relics protection unit in China.
jiaohe ruins
Jiaohe Ancient City is located inTurpanYaer Township, about 13 kilometers to the west.In the Western Han Dynasty, it was the capital of the country before Cheshi.Jiaohe County was under the jurisdiction of Xizhou in the Tang Dynasty.The highest military and political organization of the Tang Dynasty stationed in the Western Regions, "Anxi Prefecture Protectorate", was once located here.Relocate toqiuci(now Kuqa County).The Qu Dynasty in the sixth century established Jiaohe County here.Many cultural relics have been unearthed in the old city of Jiaohe, such as lotus tiles and lotus scriptures of the Tang Dynasty.[18]
Lake Edin
Lake EdinbyTurpan BasinIt is about 40 kilometers away from Turpan in the south.The lake basin is about 40 kilometers long from east to west, 8 kilometers wide from south to north, and covers an area of 152 square kilometers.The lake level is 154.43 meters below the sea level of the Yellow Sea, second only toJordanOfdead sea(- 392m), known as the second land lowland in the world.[19]
Flaming Mountain
Flaming MountainIt is located 10 kilometers northeast of Turpan, running from east to west, 98 kilometers long and 9 kilometers wide, and the main peak is 831.7 meters above sea level.《Journey to the West》There areSun WuKongThird, the story of using plantain fans to put out the flames of Flaming Mountain makes Flaming Mountain famous all over the world.
Due to the crustal movement fracture and river cutting, many valleys are left in the mountainside of Huoyan Mountain, mainly including Tao'er Valley, Mumu Valley, Tuyu Valley, Lianmuqin Valley and Subo Valley.[19]
Turpan Prefecture Mansion
Turpan Prefecture Mansion
Turpan Prefecture MansionGrape Village in the eastern suburb of TurpanMunar VillageIt is 2 kilometers away from the urban area of Turpan and adjacent to Sugong Pagoda, a national key cultural relics protection unit.According to historical research, Turpan Prefecture Mansion was built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. It has a history of 300 yearsEmin HezhuoThe place where they lived, presided over government affairs and commanded military affairs was also the center of political, economic, cultural and military command of the Turpan Uighurs during the Qing Dynasty.[16]
Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves
It is located in the middle section of Flaming Mountain, 45km east of Turpan, on the cliff on the west bank of Mugou River Valley, and only 15km south of Gaochang Ancient City. It is one of the larger famous Buddhist cave temple sites in Xinjiang.[17]
Toyukmazar
Toyukmazar It is located in Shanshan County, Turpan, Xinjiang, about 55 kilometers east of Turpan City.It used to be a place where Buddhism andIslamismThe Holy Land.[18]
On October 27, 2017, Turpan was awarded the title of "2017 National Garden City" with the approval of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development of the People's Republic of China[29-30]。
On December 24, 2017, Turpan was listed in the 2017 Top 200 Charming Cities with Chinese Characteristics.[20]
In October 2020, it was rated as the National Model City for Double Support.[21]
In October 2021, it was selected into the second batch of national pilot cities for cultural and tourism consumption.[26]
