synonymAllies(Allies in World War II) generally refers to the anti fascist alliance
The Anti fascist Alliance. On January 1, 1942, 26 countries including Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union held a meeting in Washington and signed the《United Nations Declaration》, marking the international antifascistThe united front was finally formed.The founding envoy of the anti fascist alliancethe Second World WarThe situation ofAnti-Fascist War One of the decisive factors for the final victory, andthe United NationsThe foundation was laid.
Germany, Italy and Japan willfascistWar and fascist tyranny were imposed on the peoples of Europe, Asia and Africa, prompting antifascistNational Alliance united frontEstablishment and gradual development and strengthening.June 22, 1941Eastern Front On the day of the outbreak,British Prime Ministerwinston churchill Make a radio speech to announce thatSoviet UnionGive assistance within your power and make concerted efforts to attack the enemy.U.S. governmentHe also issued a statement of willingness to assist the Soviet Union.On July 3, 1941,Joseph Visario Norwich StalinMake a radio speech to show thatSoviet Patriotic War"We will unite with the people of all countries in their struggle for independence, democracy and freedom" and form a "united front".
Chinese name
Anti Fascist Alliance
Foreign name
Anti fascist Alliance
Alias
Allies
Purpose
Joint confrontation between countriesfascistaggressive war
Members
America, Britain, Soviet Union, China, France, Poland, Australia, etc
27、Republic of China(December 9, 1941; although China started a full-scale war with the Japanese army in 1937, it did not formally declare war against Japan until December 9, 1941)
38、Italy(October 13, 1943; September 8, 1943BadoglioGovernment announcedItalian surrender, September 13,MussoliniThe government was established in northern ItalyItalian Social RepublicOn October 13, the Badoglio government officially withdrew from the Axis and joined the Allies)
《Atlantic Charter》, expressed common oppositionnaziTyranny and determination to rebuild peace.
On September 29, 1941MoscowThe three countries meeting of the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain was held, and the United States and Britain signed the agreement to provide aircraft and tanks to the Soviet UnionMilitary materialsAnd loansSoviet UnionAn agreement to supply raw materials to Britain and the United States.Pearl Harbor IncidentLater, the United States officially entered the war, and China also declared war on Germany, Italy and Japan.Other countries also declared war on the Axis countries.
On December 22, 1941, the heads of the United States and Britain proposed that all countries fighting against the Axis countries sign a declaration of alliance.The draft declaration proposed by the United States, after consultation with the British and Soviet Union, was sent to the allies by urgent telegram.
Three Big Allies
On January 1, 1942, 26 countriesWashingtonSigned《United Nations Declaration》, the declaration expressed approval《Atlantic Charter》The purpose and principle of the war, emphasizing the importance of defeating the common enemy;The signatory states pledged to use all their military andeconomic resources And Germany Italy JapanfascistStates fight, cooperate with allies, and do not conclude armistice agreements or peace agreements with the enemy alone;Will be defeatedFascismOther countries that have provided material assistance and contributions in the struggle of the Communist Party of China may accede to this Declaration.
To August 15, 1945the Second World WarAt the end, 52 countries joined the alliance.
After the German surrender
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On May 8, 1945,Nazi Germany Surrender.The defeated Germany not only lost the territory of other countries annexed before and during the war, but alsoCrimean StatementandPotsdamAgreement,East PrussiaAnd Oder-Ness RiverAbout 114000 to the eastsquare kilometreGerman territories were ceded toSoviet UnionandpolandThe rest of the German territory and the capital city of Great Berlin are from the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain and FrancepartitionOccupy, establish 4occupation zoneAnd the "Allied Control Committee" composed of four countries took over the supreme power of Germany.Although in the post-war international instruments on Germany, all countries concerned expressed their desire to maintain German unity, so that Germany could eliminate the Nazis andMilitarismLater, it became a peaceful and democratic country. However, due to the different positions, purposes and interests of the eastern and western allies, the agreements were interpreted in favor of themselves.So around the implementationPotsdam Agreement , the restoration of German unity andWest BerlinThe four major powers and the factions in their occupied areaspolitic forceA sharp and complicated struggle was launched.
Germany split
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With the intensification of the East West Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union changed from wartime allies tocompetitor，Soviet occupied areasAnd the western occupied areas have embarked on different development paths, and the division of Germany has gradually become a reality.
From 1947 to 1949, the United States, Britain and France successively merged their occupied areas in western Germany, convened the Constituent Assembly of the western occupied areas, formulated an interim constitution, and implementedMonetary reform, using westmarkReplace the original Empire Mark.
On May 10, 1949, the Constituent Assembly of the Western Occupied Area decided tobonn Established for the capitalfederalThe country adopted the Basic Law, the Interim Constitution, on May 23,Federal Republic of GermanyEstablishment.In the five eastern German states occupied by the Soviet Union, elections were held in April 1946 in towns and districts, and corresponding parliaments and governments at all levels were establishedGerman Communist PartyandSocial Democratic PartyMergedGerman United Socialist PartyTo occupy the position ofleading role 。On October 7, the German People's Committee in the Soviet occupied area was announced to be establishedGerman Democratic Republic。So far, there have been twoGermanycountry.
In this case, the former German capitalBerlinThe eastern half of the Soviet occupied areas and the western half of the United States, Britain and France occupied areas formed two sets of systems: two municipal governments, two sets of police systems, and two currencies.In December 1948, two more city councils appeared.West Berlin under the control of the United States, Britain and Francemarshall planThe huge amount of aid from China has been quickly restored and developed, and has been completedthe WestThe "shop window" of.But it is located in the hinterland of East Germany, like an island.
Between 1945 and 1961, about 100000 citizens of GDR (East Germany) fled through Berlin every yearFederal GermanyAnd caused great losses to Democratic Germany.
Berlin Wall
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It unites the forces that can be united and isolates them to the greatest extentfascistThe aggressive forces played a decisive role in the final victory over the fascist countries.The anti fascist defense wall isBerlin WallOfOfficial name, Yesthe Second World Warandcapitalism、socialistThe product of the cold war relationship between the two camps.
