The right ventricle is one of the four chambers of the heart.be locatedright atriumThe left front lower part of is the most forward part of the four cavities, and the wall thickness is about 3-4 mm.The ventricular cavity can be divided into two parts: the inflow passage and the outflow passage. The inflow passage is the main part of the right ventricular cavity.The entrance is the right atrioventricular orifice. There are three valves around the orifice called tricuspid valve. The papillary muscle is pulled down by the tendon and connected to the ventricular wall.When the ventricle contracts, the tricuspid valve closes, and when the ventricle relaxes, the tricuspid valve opens. The upper part of the outflow tract looks like an inverted funnel, called the conus arteriosus.There is a pulmonary artery orifice above, and there are three half moon shaped valves around the orifice, called pulmonary artery valves.When the ventricle contracts, the pulmonary valve opens, allowing blood to flow into the pulmonary artery. When the ventricle relaxes, the valve closes, preventing blood from flowing back into the ventricle.
The right ventricle is a triangular pyramid with the bottom right atrial orifice and the tip downward.There is a muscular ridge in the ventricular cavity from the right atrioventricular orifice to the pulmonary artery orifice, which is called supraventricular ridge.This ridge divides the right ventricle into two parts: inflow and outflow.
Inflow passage is the main part of the right ventricle. There are many cross muscular protuberances on the inner surface of the ventricular wall, which are called meat pillars.There are several thick and conical meat pillars, called papillary muscles, which are generally three in front, back and inside.The inlet of the inflow passage is the right atrioventricular orifice. There are three triangular valves at the front, back and medial edges of the orifice, called tricuspid valves.The bottom of each valve is attached to the fibrous ring (cardiac skeleton) around the right atrioventricular orifice, and its tip or free edge is connected to the two adjacent papillary muscles by the tendon.When the ventricle contracts, the blood pushes the valve and closes the atrioventricular orifice. Because of the contraction of the papillary muscle and the pulling of the tendon, the valve will not turn over into the right atrium, preventing the blood from flowing back to the atrium, and ensuring the directional flow of blood.If the valve, tendon, papillary muscle and annulus fibrosus function is abnormal, it will have a serious impact on blood dynamics.
The outflow tract is the protruding part of the right ventricle to the upper left, called the arterial cone or funnel, and its inner wall is smooth without meat column.The outlet of the outflow tract is the pulmonary artery orifice.There are three half moon shaped valves around the mouth, called pulmonary artery valves.The free edge of the valve is consistent with the direction of blood flow and faces the pulmonary artery.When the heart chamber relaxes, because the blood that has been pressed into the pulmonary artery pushes the valve against the flow, the free edges of the three valves are closed and the pulmonary artery orifice is closed to prevent the blood from flowing back to the right ventricle.
2. Right atrium:
The right atrium is one of the four chambers of the heart and the most right part of the heart chamber.The right atrium is divided into anterior and posterior parts, and the anterior part is called proper right atrium;The posterior part is the vena cava sinus. The internal wall of the venous sinus is smooth. There are superior vena cava orifices and inferior vena cava orifices on the upper and lower parts.There is an ear like protrusion in the front upper part of the intrinsic atrium, called the left atrial appendage. The inner wall of the intrinsic atrium is not smooth, and when the heart function is impaired and the blood flow is slow, it is easy to form thrombus here.There is a right atrioventricular orifice at the lower front of the right atrium, which leads to the right ventricle.
The right atrium is located above the right half of the coronary sulcus.The anterior wall protrudes anteromedial into the right auricle, and there are many parallel projections on the inner surface, which are called pectinate muscles.The inner surface of the posterior wall is smooth, with the entrance of the superior vena cava at the upper part and the entrance of the inferior vena cava at the lower part.The left front of the inferior vena cava orifice is the right atrioventricular orifice, and between the two orifices is the entrance of the coronary sinus.The medial wall of the right atrium is the right side of the atrial septum, and there is a shallow oval fossa at its lower part, called the oval fossa, which is the vestige left after the oval foramen connecting the left and right atria were closed during the embryonic period.If this hole is not closed or not completely closed due to the occurrence of reasons, it becomes one of the common congenital heart diseases.
Morphological structure of right ventricle
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The right ventricle is one of the four chambers of the heart cavity.Located at the lower left front of the right atrium, it is the most forward part of the heart cavity.The wall thickness is 3~4mm, and the shape is like a cone, which is divided into three walls, one bottom and one tip.The floor is occupied by the right atrioventricular orifice and pulmonary artery orifice.The tip is spongy myocardial tissue.The anterior wall of the right ventricle is the surgical incision wall, which is adjacent to the chest wall. The wall is much thinner than the left ventricular wall, and there are fewer supply vessels, which is convenient for incision.According to the function, the right ventricle can be divided into the right ventricular inflow passage and the right ventricular outflow passage. The two parts are bounded by the supraventricular ridge. The inflow passage is the main part of the right ventricle, and the inlet is the right atrioventricular orifice.The right atrioventricular orifice is oval, with an average circumference of 11cm, which can accommodate about three fingertips. The fibrous ring around the orifice is attached with tricuspid valves, which are divided into anterior valve, posterior valve and septal valve.The tendinous cord is attached to the edge of the valve and its ventricular surface, which is connected with the pyramidal papillary muscle protruding from the ventricular wall into the chamber.There is also a bundle of muscles in the right ventricle that connects from the ventricular septum to the root of the anterior papillary muscle of the front wall of the right ventricle, called the band of control or the meat column of the septum margin. It contains part of the right atrioventricular bundle, which should be retained as much as possible during surgery.The supraventricular ridge is a broad arcuate eminence on the right ventricular wall between the right atrium ventricular orifice and the pulmonary artery orifice.The outflow tract is the upper left extension of the right ventricular chamber, which is shaped like an inverted funnel, with smooth walls and no fleshy columns. It is called the conus arteriosus.Its upper end passes through the pulmonary artery orifice to the pulmonary artery trunk.The fibrous ring around the mouth is attached with three semilunar valves, called pulmonary artery valves.When the ventricle contracts, the tricuspid valve closes the right atrioventricular orifice, and blood flows through the pulmonary valve, allowing blood to flow into the pulmonary artery.When the ventricle relaxes, the pulmonary valve closes, the tricuspid valve opens, and the blood from the right atrium flows into the right ventricle and enters the next cardiac cycle.
