Steven·Spielberg，U.S.AfilmdirectorAnd producers,britainsir（KBE）。SpielbergWon three timesOscarAward, and it has beenfilmHighest grossingdirectorHis films have created nearly 8 billion dollars in international box office.Forbes estimatesSpielbergIts net assets are approximately $3 billion.In 2006, the premiere listed him asfilmThe most powerful and influential person in the industry.He was listed in the "One Hundred Greatest People of the Century" list of Time, and was elected as the most influential person of his time by Life magazine at the end of the twentieth century.
Called Steven·Spielberg(Steven Spielberg)“film"Wizards" is no exaggeration, he is based on the film《Schindler List》And wonAcademy AwardsOfdirector, his《great white shark》、《E.T.》、《Jurassic Park》Such famous commercial entertainment films are known to more movie fans. When people flocked to the cinema with this impression to enjoy the black and white film Schindler's List, they found thatSpielbergOfAnother World, a world full of wisdom and rationality, a real world of film art.
66th session, March 2, 1994OscarAt the award ceremony, the film《Jurassic Park》(Jurasc Park 1993) and《Schindler List》(Schindler's List 1993) has won a total of nine awards.When these two masterpieces are togetherdirectorSpielbergWhen he ascended the podium, the whole audience stood up and applauded ceaselessly. On this night belonging to Spielberg, he was always calm and reserved and could not help but cry.
Career
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As from the 1970sHollywoodThe most important people in the creative development of films,Steven SpielbergIt has changed the method and content of film production.Three films directed by himfilm(1975《great white shark》E.T. Aliens in 1981 and E.T. Aliens in 1993《Jurassic Park》）It has always ranked among the top ten films in the world.His previous production company, Amplin Entertainment, was also popular for producing many filmsfilmIt is famous all over the world, including The Little Elves in 1984, Back to the Future in 1985 and《Who Framed Roger Rabbit》。However, his amazing success has kept him from being recognized asartist。In addition to the box office market,SpielbergAs impressive as many creative peers: like Orson·WellsSimilarly, he was praised and criticized for his precocity;imageAlfred HitchcockSimilarly, as a master of handling emotions, he is sometimes praised and sometimes cursed;Also like Jess Franco, who was criticized for his shameless sentimentality.However,SpielbergThe most important senior in spirit isWalt Disney , a creative person who seriously produces "trivial" entertainment and shapes himself into a brand.
Sixties: First time in the film world
SpielbergNever went to a film school.Relying on self-study, he made his first film at the age of 16, the two-hour science fiction film "Fire", and gotTRABTECHA local cinema agreed to release it for one night.His short film, "Amplin" in 1969, attracted the attention of Universal Corporation,SpielbergGet a contract, sodirectorHis debut TV movie work Night Gallery (NBC, 1969), including the famousJoan CrawfordAnd Rod Selin.Then he continued to hone his skills and directed weekly series, including《Colombo》And Doctor Marcus Wilby, as well as three other TV movies.One of the TV films "Duel" (ABC, 1969)EuropeAfter the broadcast, it has achieved success in both commentary and business.
7、 1980s: the birth of famous directors
Spielberg's first plotfilm, 1974《Dashing and fleeing》PortendsSpielbergThe emphasis on family in later works;His dance like car chase design and skillful operation of suspense and comedy events also make him populardirector。Due to the lack of market, this interesting and stimulating feature is only bleakbox office 。For all that,SpielbergPart II offilm《great white shark》It makes him a pioneer of modern film.This one is newdirectorAnd a group of unknown actors and a broken robot sharkfilmSpielberg enteredHollywoodTop film directors.
He made a famous film in 1977《The third kind of contact》。After two successive sensations,SpielbergI tried a comedy with a huge budget.1979film1941 is aboutJapanAfter the attack on Pearl HarborCaliforniaThe story of a group of delusions in a small town.althoughfilmFinally, he made a profit, but he felt that the film was a huge failure under indulgence.next,SpielbergChoose to followGeorge LucasWork, completed the film in 1981《Treasure Raider》This is also one of his representative works.filmThe character to be played by Harrison Ford, famous archaeologist and braveAdventurerIndiana Jones pushed the world to becomeJames BondThe most popular screen hero after that.stayProductionIn the process of,SpielbergTired of precise location shots, he tried to relax himself and wrote a small personal film about several children and a lost alien.This has laid a good foundation for his most famous film, E.T. Aliens.
SpielbergThe focus on art and business took a significant turn in the mid-1980s, and he began to spend more time onProductionOn.In addition to continuing the story of Indiana Jones, he chosedirectorHis project is contrary to his usual nature.stayfilmAfter "Purple" and "Empire of the Sun", he directed the film "Until Forever" in 1989, his first romantic theme film.filmIt also includes emotional obligations, waste and mortality.Although 1989filmJihad Raiders opened a new situation and moved the location toEuropeAnd shift the focus to Jones' family dynamics.Due to the lack of originality in action scene design, Harrison Ford andSean ConneryAcerbicfather and sonWell meaning jokes becomefilmHighlights.
This is based onThomas Keneally according toTrue storyAdaptedBooker PrizeThe winning novel was shotfilm, this movie is forSpielbergHis career has brought the most respectful attention.filmWon awards including Best Picture and BestdirectorSeven insideAcademy AwardsAt the same time, it won a total domestic box office of 100 million US dollars.So far,SpielbergIt is widely praised as one of the world's film masters.
In the audience's strong demands and cries,SpielbergReturning to the familiar field of film special effects, in 1997《Jurassic Park》"Lost World", the sequel of "Lost World", is just a remake of the excellent original story.afterSpielbergIn the same year, it brought a witty historical themefilmThe Rage of Breaking Locks, according to a story about the rebellion on the slave ship and its subsequent initiationU.S.AThe true story of internal legal struggle is adapted.Under the elaborate setting, the filmMiddle Passage It is famous for its depiction of the tragic life of slaves.The second year,SpielbergBack to the theme of the Second World War,filmSaving Private Ryan became one of his most admired films.This one is nearly three hours oldfilmFiction of historical events, describing the story of a special team sent to find the only survivor among the four brothers serving in the military.filmHe was praised for his unreserved and true reproduction of the war scenes.filmAfter its launch in July,criticThey immediately voted the film one of the best of the year.andfilmLater, he won more than 200 million dollars at the box office and 11Academy Awardsnomination.althoughfilmBecoming a favorite of the Best Film Awards did not win, butSpielbergOr won back the bestdirectorAward.
In the autumn of 1994,Spielberg, Record Industry GiantDavid Geffen andDisneyJeffrey Kaysenberg, the former executive director, founded a new multimedia entertainment company called DreamWorks.The first batch of TV works of this fledgling studio only achieved limited success;Only Michael J. Fox's work Rotating City (ABC, 1996 -) was successful.Other works, such as those about male friendshipcomedyChamps (ABC, 1996) and the stereotypical police comedy High Alert (ABC, 1996-97) are both in a hurry.Although the first major work of DreamWorks, "Doomsday Alert" (1997), is about the threat of nuclear warfilmOnly one ordinary box office result was obtained, but the studio has gradually taken shape with many popular films produced by itself and co produced with other companies, including Saving Private Ryan, Shrek, The Lord of the Rings, Gladiator, Galaxy Visitor《U.S.ABeauty《Beautiful mind》、《Meet your father-in-law》And《Minority Report》And other films.
New Millennium: Wonderful
SpielbergHe also made some achievements in television.His successful TV works as executive director include popular medical drama《Emergency Room Story》(1994 -), the science fiction channel TV series "Hijack" (2002) with huge investment and the equally popular "Western Wind and Cloud" (2005).His most impressive TV work is HBO TV series Brothers (2001),Spielbergtogether withTom HanksThe production and launch of 10 hot episodes of the series together won a lot of Emmy awards for "Brothers", and also won reviews and public acclaim.
However, through the camerafilmShooting is stilldirectorThe highest enthusiasm,SpielbergWe continue to explore the scope of our talents in the business context.Although he can't make his own popularfilmSensitivity, and his idol, directorstanley kubrick When he chose to shoot a film《artificial intelligence》(2001), when Kubrick had pondered the fairy tale science fiction fable for more than ten years, the film failed magnificently, although there were some striking moments, shocking visual effectsJude LawThe wonderful performance of.But whenSpielbergAdapted and filmed Philip K. Dick's science fiction short "Minority Report" (2002) and selected the most popular movie star in the world at that timeTom CruiseHe once again caused an explosive sensation.As a fast-paced, intense and eye-catching adventurefilmThe Minority Report isSpielbergThe most meager and humble film works over the years, although there are rich sci-fi costumes in the filmdirectorStill standing at the forefront of the new wave of action adventure video game style.In the same year,directorHe also directed Cat and Mouse Game, which was successful both in art and businessSpielbergNot only in realism and nostalgiasceneryAnd patiently taught DiCaprio the most charming and mature performance.
directorThe third timeHanksThe reassembly is for the purpose of "The Terminal of Happiness". Although the film has wonderful moments, it is one of the director's more artificial works in general.More impressiveSpielbergRemakeH. G. WellsScience fiction classics of《World War》(2005), adding contemporary writing to familiar stories, and finding inspiration from his earlier best elements, includingWells's novels, radio shows and '50sfilmVersion, of course, there is no lack of fascinating stunt layout design.
At the end of 2005,SpielbergInvest in what he has been brewing for a long timefilmMunich,directorWork closely with Eric Ross, the two major playwrights, and later Tony Kushner, in order to achieve a balanced treatment in these events full of political color and avoid being biased towards any party at any timespecial interest group(In particularIsrael, Mossad andPalestineOfleader）。Despite criticism from the outside worldfilmHowever, this film has undoubtedly become one of his masterpieces and has also achieved artistic success.Nominated for several awards, includingAcademy AwardsoptimumdirectorAward.At the same time, a year will pass. With Paramount Pictures acquiring DreamWorks,SpielbergThe company ended its operation with another pet project, and DreamWorks could not grow into a film company with abundant wings.
Style characteristics
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theme
Happiness Terminal
SpielbergOffilmContains several recurring themes.Most of himfilmIt shows the contact between ordinary people and non ordinary people and the search for self in special environment.This is shown in Flywheel Bleeding《great white shark》、《The third kind of contact》ET Aliens, The Empire of the Sun, Captain Hawke《Jurassic Park》, Saving Private Ryan, Cat and Mouse Game, Happy Terminal, World War and Munich.In August 2000American Film Society(AFI) pairSpielbergIn an interview, he talked about his interest in extraterrestrial life and how this interest affected his movies.For this reasonthe outer spaceHe has taken the starry sky asfilm's background,such asOn《great white shark》Medium.He described that in his childhood, he wanted to be an alien, and this interest was inherited from his father.His father is a fan of science fiction and believes thatalienComing to the earth over a million light years is not for conquest, but for curiosity and spreading their wisdom to mankind.
SpielbergfilmAnother consistent theme in is childlike innocence, curiosity and belief, which is shown in《The third kind of contact》, ET Aliens, Captain Hawke andArtificial IntelligenceEtc.According to Warren Buckland,SpielbergThis kind of theme is usually expressed through the way of low height camera tracking shots, which is also known as Stefan'sdirectorOne of the styles.In the presence of childrenfilmThis technique will be used more frequently in Munich, Saving Private Ryan, The Terminal of Happiness, Minority Report and Anger at Breaking the Lock.For example《great white shark》The underwater lens in is to shoot the swimming movements of the characters from a low angle.Another theme related to children is the loss and maturity of innocence.The Empire of the Sun tells a story of a spoiledbritainThe boy isJapanThe story of growing up and becoming mature after suffering in the burning war of World War II.Similarly, in Cat and Mouse Game,FrankChildishly believe that if he can save enough money, he can make the broken family back to perfection.
Most of himfilmIt shows natural optimism.Critics often criticize his works for being too frank about feelings, andSpielbergIt is believed that explicit and implicit feelings have their own advantages.His style comes fromFrank Capra andJohn Ford Impact.The exception in his works is the pessimistic ending of The Sugar and Express, LouJean lost the custody of her daughter, and the latest filmfilmArtificial IntelligenceinDavidThe fate never accepted by his human mother.andCriminal filmIn Cat and Mouse Game, Frank, who constantly resists authority figures, finally becomes a part of the system represented by the people he resists, which is a great satire of reality.In World WarSpielbergIt is the first time to show evil aliens.Munich, his latest one is also the most controversial and ambiguousfilm, showing the ending of an endless cycle of violence.
cooperative partner
John Williams
In selecting actors and producers,SpielbergHe has a well-known habit.For example, he starred Richard Dreyfuss in three of his moviesfilm：《great white shark》、《The third kind of contact》And Everlasting, he andHarrison FordThere are also several cooperation, including someSmall role, such as the teachers in ET Aliens, andIndiana JonesThe main character in the trilogy.in recent years,SpielbergHe has also cooperated with actor Tom Hanks for several times, including Saving Private Ryan, Cat and Mouse Game and Happiness Terminal;In addition, he also cooperated with Tom Cruise twice, namely Minority Report and World War.In terms of film production, he likes to cooperate with producers who have established working relationships. For example, his cooperation with the producer Kathleen Kennedy began with ET Aliens and continued to Munich.Other people he's working with include Allen Daviau——SpielbergJanuszKaminski, a childhood playmate, a photographer of most of his early works Ammin and later works of The Empire of the Sun, each of his works since Schindler's ListfilmAnd Michael Kahn, who was responsible for《The third kind of contact》To edit every work of Munich (except ET Aliens).And most of themfilmLaurent Bouzereau was responsible for the DVD production of.
In the history of cooperation, the most famous one is that he andJohn Williams The soundtrack of the latter has appeared in every film since The Sugar and ExpressfilmMedium (except Purple).Spielberg's other approach is to useWilliams's soundtrack enhancementfilmAnd leave a lasting impression of sound and painting in the audience's memory.These visual scenes generally use the image of the sun (such as Sun Empire, Saving Private Ryan《Jurassic Park》The last scene of "The Crusade" and the ending of "The Crusade" (here, they rode away and disappeared in the sunset).He and his contemporariesThe Filmmaker, those who promote newHollywoodSports friends——George Lucas、francis ford coppola 、Martin Scorsese、John MilosandBrian De Palma It is also called "Movie Brats".Although his main role is as adirector, but still acted as the producer of many films, including Joe Dante andRobert ZamskyEarly films.
1998，Saving Private Ryan（Oscaroptimumdirector, Best Editing, Best Photography, Best Sound Effect, Best Sound Effect Editing, and 8 nominations;Golden Globe Award for best director, best film, best editing, best photography.)
1993 Schindler's List（OscarBest film, bestdirector, BestAdapt the script, Best Art Direction, Best Photography, Best EditingBest score7 awards, 13 nominations)
1993，Jurassic Park（OscarBest Sound Effect, Best Sound Effect Editing Award, Best Visual Effect)
1982，《E.T.》（Aliens1982，OscarBest Visual Effect, Best Sound Effect)
1981, Treasure Raiders（OscarBest Art, Best Sound, Best Editing, Best Visual Effect)
