Azide is a kind of compound containing three nitrogen linked structures, which is generally used as RNthreeexpress.Azide iselectron transportSystematicinhibitor, can andCytochromeformationCoordination compound, prevent cytochrome oxidase oxidation type athreeReduction of components.Sodium azideIt is an anti microbial reagent used as an experimental preservative.[1]
It contains - NthreeOne of several compounds of the group, from azide acid (HNthree）Derived.There are two kinds of organic azides, alkyl and aryl azides, and acyl azides (RCONthree)。[2]
name
Announce
edit
Illustration
Nthree（—N=N+=N−）There are two ways to name compounds with one nitrogen atom in the group connected to the parent hydride: (a) when naming by substitution operation, add the prefix "azide" to the front of the parent hydride RH name;(b) When naming the functional group category, it is composed of the name of R group followed by the class alias "azide".[5]
Synthetic methods of organic azides
Announce
edit
Substitution reaction of halides
Using azide group pairhalogenThe azide group can be introduced into organic molecules by substitution reaction.utilizeHalohydrocarbonandAcyl halideAlkyl azides and acyl azides can be synthesized.Its typical application is the synthesis of energetic adhesives and plasticizers.[4]
Conversion reaction of alcohol hydroxyl
Indirect azide refers to the conversion of alcohol hydroxyl to ester and other intermediates before azide substitution.[4]
Direct azide, i.e. using Zn (Nthree)two·2Py is used as azide reagentTriphenyl phosphorusAnd 2,4,4,6-tetrabromo-2,5-cyclohexadienone.[4]
Reaction of aldehydes with azide reagents
In case of oxidant,aldehydeReact with azide reagent to form acyl azide compound.[4]
Reaction of carboxylic acid with azide reagent
The acyl azide compound can be composed of acid orderivativeAcyl hydrazide and acyl chloride can be prepared. In the presence of some catalysts and activators, the carboxyl group and azide reagent can directly undergo azide reaction to produce acyl azide compounds.[4]
Azide reaction of ester
The reaction between azide reagent and ester groupNucleophilic substitutionThe azide group can be introduced into the target compound.In the process of preparing azide cellulose nitrate from cellulose, cellulose p-toluenesulfonate is first synthesized, and then mixed withSodium azideThe reaction can introduce azide group.[4]
Azide reaction of epoxy compounds
Epoxy compoundAzido alcohols containing bifunctional groups can be formed by ring opening reaction of azide.In the presence of catalyst, epoxy compound can be mixed with NHthreeThe ring opening reaction takes place to produce azide compound, and the heteromorphic metal compound is prepared with metal chloride as the activator.[4]
2. Organic azideCycloaddition reactionIt can form nitrogen heterocycles and realize variousligand, connection and self-assembly of synthetic blocks, andcoupling。[3]
3. Organic azide CurtiusrearrangementGeneratibleIsocyanateAnd converted intoamineIt can be used in a variety of chemical reactions after being made into a immobilized reagent.[3]
4. As an importantActive intermediateIt also plays an important role in natural and physiologically active compounds and drug synthesis.[3]
