The thermosphere is a layer of the atmosphere. Near the ground, convection often occurs, and the temperature in the layer decreases with height.Rain, snow, hail and other weather phenomena occur in this layer.Its thickness is 10-12km in mid latitudeequatorAbout 17~18 km, and about 8~9 km at the poles.It is in a homogeneous layer.
The thermosphere is the lowest layer in the earth's atmosphere, and its lower boundary is the underlying surface.The thickness of the troposphere varies with latitude and season, with an average of 17~18km in low latitude, 10~12km in middle latitude and 8~9km in high latitude;At any latitude, the troposphere is thicker in summer and thinner in winter.The troposphere contains about 80% of the atmospheric mass.Its temperature decreases rapidly with the increase of altitude, and the average temperature decline rate is 6.5 ℃/km.The convection in the layer is very strong, generally stronger in low latitudes, weaker in high latitudes, stronger in summer and weaker in winter.Because the troposphere is most affected by the surface, and the surface properties are very different, the temperature and humidity levels in the troposphere are unevenly distributed, and clouds, fog, rain, snow and other major atmospheric phenomena occur in this layer.[1]
influence factor
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The air temperature, density and pressure in the temperature changing layer decrease with the increase of height, and because of the gravitational effect of the earth on the atmosphere, the troposphere contains almost three quarters of the total atmospheric mass, so the atmospheric density and pressure in this layer are the highest.ocean currentGathering place, such as fromarctic oceanAfter the incoming ocean current and the temperate sea water converge, they can not be fully integrated, resulting in a temperature difference. The place where they meet is the temperature changing layer. In fact, there is no strict boundary layer, but only a general range. In this layer, due to the temperature difference, the water flow is chaotic, and the sound transmission is distorted.The water temperature changes back and forth between 10 ℃ and 30 ℃, which is a temperature changing layer.[1]
Formation process
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Underground temperatureEvidently affected by the surfaceAtmospheric temperatureInfluentialzone。earthThe surface temperature is almost completely controlled fromsolar radiationComingEnergy flowAnd the energy flow radiating from the earth back into space.Large geothermal flowThe resulting temperature rise cannot exceed 0.02 ℃.Due to the presence of solar radiationPeriodic change, soSurface temperatureThere are also diurnal changes (diurnal changes), seasonal changes (annual changes) and long-period changes (multi-year changes).Different periodic changes of surface temperatureCrustThe depth of influence (penetration) of the surface is also different.depthIncrease,temperatureThe luffing of is rapidly reduced.The influence depth of long period change (such as one year) of surface temperature is greater than that of short period change (such as one day and night).The influence depth of diurnal variation is less than 1m;The impact depth of annual change is nearly 24 meters;Long cycle (e.gGlaciationandInterglacial period）The influence depth of the change can reach several thousand meters.However, it is generally believed that after the depth of the crust surface reaches 50 meters, the influence of surface temperature changes can be ignored.When the temperature amplitude is zero, the so-calledThermostatic layerThe upper bound of.Above this interface, the underground temperature is obviously affected by the change of surface temperature, so it is called the temperature changing layer.obviously,Daily constant temperature layerIncluded inAnnual thermoclineWithin,Annual constant temperature layerIs included in years orCentury thermoclineWithin.[1]
