Converter technology

Name in electrical engineering, electric power engineering and electric power industry

This entry is made by Compilation and application of scientific encyclopedia entries of "Science Popularization China" to examine.

Converter technology or Electric energy conversion It's electrical engineering power engineering as well as Electric power industry The name in is a electric energy The technology of transformation may be DC and alternating current Conversion between, Voltage and electric current Or both. For example, common Charger , the technology of alternating current to direct current is used.

Chinese name: Converter technology
Foreign name: Electric power conversion
theoretical basis: Circuit theory

Example: Charger
Popular concept: DC to AC, AC to DC
Rectification: Realize AC/DC conversion
Frequency conversion: Realize AC/AC (AC/DC/AC) conversion

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Converter technology or Electric energy conversion yes Electrical engineering 、 power engineering as well as Electric power industry The name in is a electric energy The technology of transformation may be DC and alternating current Conversion between, Voltage and electric current Or both. For example, common Charger , the technology of alternating current to direct current is used.

Converter technology may be used electromechanical Device or power electronics Circuits to transform electrical energy. Simple may be like using transformer adjustment alternating current But it may also be a more complex system (including the formation of various power conversion circuits with power electronic components, the control of circuits, and the formation of more complex systems with these technologies Power electronic device And systems).

The current conversion technology can also refer to a kind of Mains frequency AC power conversion technology for other frequency power supply. The electric energy conversion system generally also includes redundancy and Voltage stabilization 。

There is a way to classify converter technology according to its input and output alternating current (AC) or DC (DC):

DC-DC conversion
AC-DC conversion
- rectifier
- Power supply Unit (PSU)
DC-AC transformation
- inverter
AC-AC transformation
- transformer / Autotransformer
- Voltage converter
- Cyclotron converter
- Variable frequency transformer
- Frequency converter

The standard AC frequency varies from country to country. In North America, the north of South America, South Korea and Taiwan, the main AC frequency is 60 hertz (Hz), while in the rest of the world, the main AC frequency is 50 hertz （Hz）。 The aircraft generally uses 400Hz power, so when the aircraft lands and needs to be charged, equipment is required to convert 50Hz or 60Hz AC power from the ground to 400Hz used on the aircraft. Some equipment and methods are based on single-phase AC power and Three phase alternating current To classify.

Some special circuits, such as crt Used in Flyback transformer , can also be regarded as an electric energy conversion element. Most household electronic products will be called DC transformer (AC adapter) Power supply The AC power in the household plug can be converted into the low-voltage DC power required by the circuit. If you need to travel to a country where the voltage is AC (120V/240V), you will also use Voltage converter (or called travel adapter) to convert voltage. However, some adapters do not convert voltage, but only convert two different shapes Plug and socket nothing more.^[1]

alternating current

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AC current （Alternating Current， abbreviation : AC) refers to the periodic changes in size and direction electric current , the running average value in a cycle is zero. differ DC , the direction of the latter will not change with time, and the DC current does not Periodic change 。

Usually, the waveform is Sine curve 。 AC power can effectively transmit power. But in fact, there are other waveforms applied, such as triangular wave and square wave. The mains power used in life is the alternating current with sinusoidal waveform.^[1]

DC

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DC current (Direct current), by using electronic components called rectifiers (usually) or electromechanical components (in history), the AC current can flow in only one direction and be converted into DC current. The DC current changes from inverter Or motor generator set.

The first commercial power transmission was thomas edison Developed in the late 19th century, it uses 110 volts DC. However, due to the difference in the advantages of transmission and voltage conversion, almost all power distribution today is alternating current 。 In the mid-1950s EHVDC system At present, this technology is used for remote and underwater power transmission, and it is not common to find another option besides high-voltage AC power. But for special application requirements, such as Third track or Overhead trolley line Of Railway The power system still uses DC power, and AC power is distributed to a transformer substation A rectifier is used to convert direct current.

However, terminal applications are dominated by DC, especially in the area of technology development (such as California Of silicon valley Etc.), almost all chargers use DC Battery It can be charged and used as power supply in almost all electronic technology systems. A large number of DC power supplies are also used in production aluminum And other electrochemical processes. DC is also used for railway propulsion, especially in urban areas MRT In addition, along with the rapid transit route, a power grid with direct output of HVDC has been established, which is a common practice to supply limited industrial and commercial applications along the road.^[1]

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