"Father of Western Medicine Education in China", the first generation of Western medicine in China, and the pioneer of integrated Chinese and Western medicine
Li Suizhi (1885-1975), whose name is Jiafu, was named Suizhi,ZhejiangHangzhouPeople, "the father of Western medicine education in China", the first generation of Western medicine in China, the pioneer of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine, the medical talents of the former Qing Dynasty, the famous modern physicians, medical educators, patriotic democrats, and social activists,Zhejiang Medical Sciences UniversityThe main founder,Hangzhou Red Cross SocietyFounder and first president.Used to beEmpress Dowager Ci XiDiagnosis.He has written monographs such as Industrial Hygiene.Participated in founding《Zhejiang Tide》The first western medicine academic journal in Zhejiang《View of medicine》Founder of.Because of his high achievements in modern and contemporary Chinese medicine, he was included in the Dictionary of Zhejiang Ancient and Modern People as a representative of the medical community.
Li Suizhi founded China's first medical school funded by Chinese people in 1912——Zhejiang Medical College, thus opening a precedent for China to run its own higher medical educationZhejiang UniversityHe was honored as the "Father of Zhejiang Medicine".He and his classmates studying in JapanTangerheEtcPharmaceutical Association of the Republic of ChinaAnd set up a large number of medical related journals to actively disseminate and popularize medical knowledge.[109]
Li Suizhi was a literary giant in the Qing DynastyLi EHis descendants, famous contemporary diplomatHarshness teachingHis great uncle, a famous writer in modern timesLu Xun's best friend.[1-2][96][99][110]
Chinese name
Li Jiafu, Li Suizhi
Foreign name
Li Jiafu, Li Suizhi
Alias
"Father of Western Medicine Education in China", "Father of Zhejiang Medicine"
The first generation of Western medicine in China Pioneer of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Zhejiang Medical Sciences UniversityKey Founders
Li Suizhi, a native of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, has the name of Family Luck and the name of Suizhi.
Born in the 11th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1885) in the Qing Dynasty in Qiantang, a family of calligraphers, all five generations had learned a lot and started teaching.Gao GaozuLi E(Tai Hong, Fan Xie) and his grandfather were both in the Qing DynastyCite people, FatherLi Liangyu(Yun Shan, a descendant of Fan Xie) was a famous epigraphy scholar in the late Qing DynastyXiling Seal-Engravers ' SocietyAs one of the founders, he once taught in the opening of the library.Li Suizhi, who grew up under the influence of scholarly charm, has already possessed considerable Chinese learning skills at a young age.[3-4]
Seeking a student career
Li Suizhi in his youth
In the 25th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1899), 14 year old Li Suizhi was admittedQiushi Academy （Zhejiang UniversityPredecessor).[3][5][97][107]
On June 20, the 27th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1901),Cai YuanpeiIn his diary on that day, he specially recorded the communication between teachers and students in Qiushi Academy with Li Suizhi.[6-7]
In the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1902), Li Suizhi passed the national selection examination and was admitted as a government funded studentJapanStudy tour, graduated fromTokyo Hongwen CollegeKanazawa Medical School（Kanazawa Medical University Predecessor) and Japankyoto imperial university Department of Medicine.[2][5]
In the 29th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1903), Li Suizhi acted asZhejiang Association of Chinese Students Studying in JapanImportant membersTokyoAndJiang BailiAnd others jointly founded a large comprehensive and knowledgeable magazine《Zhejiang Tide》。The magazine was an important publication to publicize patriotism at that time, and it was also an influential magazine for students studying in Japan at the beginning of the 20th century.[8-11][99-100]
Li Suizhi andLu Xun、Qian JunfuHe is a good friend.[12][108]The three of them went to Japan for a study tour in 1902. At first, they studied Japanese together in Tokyo Hongwen College, with the same class and dormitory.After learning Japanese in 1904, Li Suizhi accepted Lu Xun's advice to study medicine together to find a way to strengthen the country and the nation.[2][97]
Li Suizhi returned to China after completing his studies. In the first year of Xuantong (1909) of the Qing Dynasty, he was admitted to the "Medical Juren", and in 1910, he participated in the "re examination of the Hall of Peace" of the last Qing emperor. With the "first class palace examination", he was immediately awarded the title of head of the medical department.[5][106]
Practising medicine and helping the world
Zhejiang Medical Sciences University
In the third year of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty (1911), Li Suizhi witnessed that the Guangji Hospital and the Guangji Medical School sponsored by the British Church at that time cheated patients and made huge profits, so he decided to set up a Chinese hospital of his own.In order to compete with foreign hospitals and safeguard China's medical rights, Li Suizhi, together with several medical students who returned from Japan, founded the first western hospital in Yangshi Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Hospital, which is dedicated to treating Chinese people.In order to run the hospital well, doctors do not receive formal wages, but only draw the minimum living expenses. Li Suizhi also donated his other income to the hospital.For poor patients, the hospital provides free treatment.Therefore, the hospital won a good reputation in the society soon after its opening.[13-17][96-97][106]
In order to train medical talents, Li Suizhi and his relatives in Li SuizhiShen JunruFounded in June 1912Zhejiang Medical College（Zhejiang Medical Sciences UniversityLi Suizhi was the first president.The school is the earliest specialized medical school founded by Chinese people with their own funds. It has basically the same curriculum as the pharmacy major of western medical universities at that time, and mostly adopts German and Japanese textbooks.[5][13-14][18-19][96]
From 1912 to 1927, Li Suizhi served as the president of Zhejiang Army Hospital, and concurrently served as the director of Zhejiang Medical Special School.[107]
In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), Li Suizhi founded《View of medicine》(Monthly) magazine and served as editor in chief of the magazine.according toZhejiang Provincial Committee of China Association for the Promotion of DemocracyThis magazine is the earliest academic magazine of western medicine in Zhejiang, and is issued by Hangzhou Zhonghua Pharmaceutical Company.[4][20]
In the fourth year of the Republic of China (1915), Li Suizhi and his classmates studying in JapanTangerheHe initiated the establishment of the Republic of China Medical Association, and founded the Journal of the Republic of China Medical Association, New Medicine and other journals.The Society actively devotes itself to the dissemination of medical knowledge and the improvement of the medical and health system by issuing journals, publishing books, holding annual meetings, examining and approving medical terms, conducting health surveys and other ways.[21]
Serious epidemic causes heavy casualties
In the sixth year of the Republic of China (1917), Li Suizhi and others jointly proposed to the military government to establish an epidemic prevention organization. However, due to the general lack of knowledge about the prevention of infectious diseases in the society at that time, coupled with political instability, war and other factors, the proposal was not implemented.From 1919 to 1922, serious epidemics occurred successively in the urban area of Hangzhou, causing heavy casualties. The military government had to appoint Li Suizhi and others to set up temporary epidemic prevention hospitals in the urban area several times. Only by using modern epidemic prevention technology and facilities, the epidemic was controlled.In view of the losses caused by the epidemic and the effect of epidemic prevention, and the establishment of a temporary epidemic prevention hospital is not a long-term plan, Li Suizhi and others submitted a report to the then head of the provincial capital police department of Zhejiang Province in 1923Xia ChaoIt is suggested to set up an infectious disease hospital, which was immediately supported by Xia Chao. Later, it was approved by the Provincial People's Congress and named Zhejiang Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital.On October 10, the opening ceremony of Zhejiang Provincial Infectious Diseases Hospital was held, announcing its official establishment.[22]
On September 5, the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), the decree of the President was issued, and Li Suizhi was awarded the first class military doctor of the army.[23]
In the 13th year of the Republic of China (1924), Li Suizhi, as a director of the Hangzhou Physicians and Pharmacists AssociationJiangsu Zhejiang War's wounded, preparationHangzhou Red Cross Society, and served as the first president.[4][24]
In the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927)Northern Expedition WarThe allied forces and revolutionary forces in Xixing have officially opened fire. The Hangzhou Red Cross Society has set up a temporary general hospital, with Li Suizhi as the president, to organize medical treatment and battlefield rescue for the wounded.[24-25]
Li Suizhi (middle) attends the medical conference as a government representative
In the 1930s, as the head of the Chinese medical delegation, he participated in the Japan China Medical Association held in Japan, and published many papers that had great influence in the industry.[26-27]
In the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931), Li Suizhi was appointed by the Hangzhou Municipal Government to take charge of the municipal health administration.[22][28]
On May 7, 1931, the Hangzhou Municipal Health Committee convened a meeting to reorganize and elect the mayor of HangzhouChen QihuaiLi Suizhi is the Chairman and Li Suizhi is the Standing Committee Member.As soon as the Health Committee was reorganized, it immediately convened a meeting of various organs, organizations and schools to discuss the methods of holding a health campaign, and on May 15, it specifically planned and led the sixth summer health campaign in Hangzhou.[22][28]
The wounded hospitals during the Anti Japanese War
1937Counter-Japanese WarAfter the outbreak, in order to rescue a large number of wounded patriotic anti Japanese soldiers who were sent to Hangzhou, Li Suizhi set up three wounded hospitals in Hangzhou, which to a certain extent alleviated the problem of receiving and treating the wounded who were sent to Hangzhou continuously during the Anti Japanese War.[5][29][99]
1945 to 1949War of LiberationDuring this period, Li Suizhi gave up his administrative position as president and in the government, and set up his own clinic, moving from "official medicine" to "civilian medicine".Li Suizhi, freed from administrative affairs, spent more time on patients to better serve the general public.[27]
Late years
Li Suizhi in his later years
1949New ChinaAfter its establishment, Li Suizhi was invited to serve as a well-known democratic figureZhejiang Provincial Museum of Literature and HistoryLibrarian.During this period, I left some recollections about Lu Xun and wrote an article named "Mr. Lu Xun, a student fifty years ago".These words have become valuable first-hand materials for later generations to study Lu Xun and have been included《High Mountain: Celebrities Remembering Lu Xun》《Living Lu Xun》《Lu Xun》, Ba Jin's "Lu Xun's Memoirs", "Lu Xun's Memoirs: Essays", "Collection of Lu Xun's Life and Historical Materials", "Lu Xun in Japan" and other books, documents and textbooks.[3][30-38]
In 1975, Li SuizhiShanghaiHe died at the age of 90.[3]
Li Suizhi was awarded the "Dictionary of Zhejiang Ancient and Modern People" for his high achievements in modern and contemporary Chinese medicine《A Dictionary of People in the Republic of Zhejiang》《Records of the Qing Dynasty》The list of medical scholars in the Republic of China and other dictionaries are included as representatives of the medical community.[3][39-41]
Main contributions
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Zhejiang Medical College
Founding China's first specialized medical school
Li Suizhi founded China's first medical school funded by Chinese people on June 1, 1912——Zhejiang Medical College（Zhejiang Medical Sciences University(predecessor), thus opening the precedent of China's self run higher medical education, leaving a strong mark in the history of modern medicine and education.Zhejiang UniversityHe was honored as the "Father of Zhejiang Medicine".[1][13]
"Leader" of battlefield rescue
Li Suizhi took the initiative to carry the banner of curing the wounded during the War of Resistance against Japan, and was one of the "leading figures" in battlefield rescue at that time.During the Anti Japanese War, as one of the most prestigious and professional military doctors in China at that time and an important member of the Red Cross, Li Suizhi shouldered the responsibility of battlefield rescue.At that time, there was an extremely lack of field medical services and field medical personnel. Once a soldier was injured, his best hope was that his companion would carry him to the battlefield. Most of the seriously injured had died on the way to the wounded soldier shelter.More often, when a battle is over, a large number of wounded soldiers are abandoned on the battlefield.In this case, Li Suizhi, regardless of his own safety, braved the hail of bullets and threw himself into the battlefield rescue work.He has opened many wounded hospitals, treated a large number of patriotic soldiers, and made indelible contributions to reducing casualties, restoring the combat effectiveness of the Chinese anti Japanese army, consolidating the will to fight, and striving for the ultimate victory of the anti Japanese war.With a heart of charity and benevolence, Li Suizhi built a protective barrier for the patriotic anti Japanese soldiers on the battlefield to protect their lives with his superb medical skills, influence in the medical field and excellent leadership. He was praised by Zhejiang University as "a man of noble character who is not bound by fame and fortune in troubled times, and a man of chivalry who is dedicated to saving people and helping the world in the flames of war".[102]
Li Suizhi has experiencedNorthern Expedition War、Counter-Japanese WarandWar of LiberationThree major periods of war.As a highly respected doctor, he braved the hail of bullets to actively carry out field rescue work, opened a number of wounded hospitals and treated a large number of patriotic soldiers.During the War of Resistance against Japan, it eased the problem of receiving the wounded who were constantly sent to Hangzhou, and made positive contributions to the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan.[25][27][29][99]
Promote the popularization and development of western medicine in China
Mr. Li Suizhi's handwriting
Li Suizhi is the first generation of Western medicine in China.After returning from Japan, in order to compete with foreign hospitals and safeguard China's medical rights, he founded the first western hospital run by Chinese people in Hangzhou in 1911 - Zhejiang Hospital, which specializes in serving Chinese people.He also founded Fengtian Higher Medical School.He devoted his whole life to the clinical medicine and medical education of western medicine, and made great contributions to the popularization of western medicine in China and the development of modern Chinese medicine.His medical skill was superb, and he cured many difficult and serious cases. At that time, he enjoyed a high reputation, evenEmpress Dowager Ci XiLi Suizhi was invited to see him.He also saved two bullets and one starQian XuesenAnd has trained a large number of excellent medical talents for the country.[1][4][15][18][20][42]
Pioneer of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
Li Suizhi's Inscription for New Medicine
Li Suizhi is not onlyMedical College of Zhejiang UniversityHe is also the main founder of the "Chinese Western Medicine Education Father" and the pioneer of the cause of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in China.He is the first academic organization founded by Chinese people in the western world with Sinology as the main research object——Jingxing SocietyAn important member of.Jingxing Academy is composed of Li Suizhi's brother and representative figures of modern Chinese cultural and educational circlesLike a fierce LinFounded in Germany in 1921, it aims to study and inherit Sinology and promote the exchange and development of Chinese and Western cultures.As one of the oldest sinology research organizations, Jingxing Society not only absorbed a group ofWei Lixian、Lin Yutang、internationally known sinologist、Tang Liling、artist renowned for creative development of both Chinese and Western painting techniquesScholars who have made great achievements in the fields of literature, history, philosophy and art have also gathered medical talents such as Li Suizhi.As one of the quintessence of Chinese traditional culture, Chinese medicine has always been an important part of Sinology research.However, Li Suizhi's medical skill and reputation were so high that among domestic doctors at that time, few were better than those at the right, evenCixiAlso ask them to treat themselves.When Li Suizhi diagnosed Cixi, he used the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine.
As an important member of Jingxing Society, Li Suizhi and his younger brother Li Linxiang joined hands to translate and introduce a large number of Chinese medical records, ancient Chinese literature and prescriptions to the western world in the 1920s, which made the European intelligentsia begin to understand Chinese medicine, Chinese ancient human body view and world viewThe theory of meridians and zang fu organs and the compatibility standard of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions have gradually gained a more objective understanding and understanding, which has started the process of internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine.[96]
Promote the development of public health in Hangzhou
Li Suizhi not only has profound medical professional knowledge, but also has rich experience in health administration.During the period when Li Suizhi was the main person in charge of the health administration in Hangzhou, the public health situation in Hangzhou has been greatly improved, and the efficiency of health administration has also been improved.He planned and led the sixth summer health campaign in Hangzhou, conducted a more in-depth study of the health administrative system and established a more complete public health administrative system.In addition, he has also done a lot of fruitful work in the formulation and implementation of epidemic prevention measures.The efforts of Li Suizhi and others have promoted the development of public health in Hangzhou to a certain extent.[22][28][43-44]
Pioneer in the research and dissemination of western medicine in China
Mr. Li Suizhi's inscription (middle): "Struggle with Creation"
Li Suizhi has published medical research articles since the beginning of the 20th century, covering many fields such as research on difficult and complicated diseases, military medical treatment, medical and health system, medical and health policies, medical education, Sino foreign medical exchanges, and research on the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,It has pioneering significance in the history of modern Chinese medicine.He also founded the first Western medicine academic magazine in Zhejiang, "Medicine Outlook" (monthly), and worked with students studying in JapanTangerheHe initiated the establishment of the Republic of China Medical Association, and founded journals such as the Journal of the Republic of China Medical Association and New Medicine, actively spreading and popularizing medical knowledge.He published a large number of articles with great influence at that time on medical journals of the Republic of China, such as Medical Journal of the Republic of China, Medical Journal, Medicine and Pharmacy, Journal of Military Affairs, Tongren Medicine, New Tongde, Scientific Medical Journal, Social Medical Journal, Shanghai Medical Monthly, Southeast Medical Journal, and so on, setting a precedent for the research and dissemination of western medicine in China.[17][20][27][41][45-46]
Character evaluation
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"Father of Zhejiang Medicine" Li Suizhi
He gave up the generous treatment of the president and ran his own clinic, which reflected Li Suizhi's medical ideal of "being a good doctor rather than an official".（《Health News》Comment)[47]
Li Suizhi was honored as the "father of Zhejiang medicine" by Zhejiang University.（Zhejiang UniversityComment)[1][96][99]
Japanese educator Matsumoto Kujiro was deeply impressed by Li Suizhi.When he recalled Li Suizhi when he was studying in Japan, he said that although Li Suizhi was still under 20 years old, his Chinese roots were deep.(Japanese educator Matsumoto Kijiro comments)[26][48]
Many dignitaries asked Mr. Li to see a doctor for them, and even Cixi also asked him to see her. This shows that Mr. Li was highly skilled and famous at that time.(Evaluation of Zhejiang University School of Medicine)[1]
Li Suizhi is indifferent to fame and wealth.Although he was the first president of Zhejiang Medical Special School, he only filled in the "teacher" of Zhejiang Medical Special School when filling in his resume.Li Suizhi is a good doctor if he is not good."Good doctor" not only refers to excellent medical skills, but also refers to kind-hearted.（《Hangzhou Daily》Comment)[5][96]
In the founding year of Qiushi Academy, the national affairs were difficult. Many ambitious people like Li Suizhi abandoned the imperial examination and devoted themselves to new education, hoping to serve the country with success.（《Xinhua daily telegraph 》Comment)[97]
In Hangzhou, there is a special family in which three Red Cross people who have worked tirelessly for the cause of the Red Cross have emerged.They were one of the initiators of the reconstruction of Hangzhou Red Cross Society in 1924 - Li Suizhi;Li Suizhi's Daughter -- Former President of the Red Cross Society of Zhejiang ProvinceLi Zhehua；Li Suizhi's son-in-law -- former president of Hangzhou Red Cross SocietyChen courtesy。They gathered at the Red Cross Society, fell in love with the Red Cross Society, and concentrated on the Red Cross Society, leaving a glorious footprint in the history of the Red Cross Movement in Zhejiang.Li Suizhi used his superb medical skills to build a barrier for the wounded to protect their lives on the battlefield, and wrote the glory and brightness of the Red Cross people.（Zhejiang Red Cross SocietyComment)[98]
Li Suizhi was evaluated by Zhejiang University as "a man of noble character who is not fettered by fame and fortune in duckweed in troubled times, and a man of benevolence who is determined to save people and help the world in the flames of war".(Zhejiang University Review)[102]
Anecdotes of characters
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Li Suizhi and Lu Xun
Lu Xun during his stay in Japan
Li Suizhi and Lu Xun are close friends.They once went to Beijing to take an exam in the same boat, and together they were admitted to Japan to study abroad at public expense;I went to Japan together and studied Japanese at Tokyo Hongwen College.Li Sui later accepted Lu Xun's advice and studied medicine together.It was Li Suizhi who helped Lu Xun write his medical graduation thesis on genetics.Their names were also listed in the "Who's Who in Japan" at that time.[49]
Li Suizhi published on September 25, 1961Wen Wei PoThe article "Mr. Lu Xun, a schoolmate fifty years ago" on, and the later articles on Li Suizhi and Lu Xun in the Hangzhou Daily and other media are valuable historical materials for studying the early life and thoughts of Li Suizhi and Lu Xun.[49]
In 1902, Li Suizhi and Lu XunQian Junfu、Xu ShoushangHe waited for a group of Zhejiang students to come to Beijing on the same boat to participate in the reexamination of studying abroad at the expense of the Qing government.According to Li Suizhi, this group of examinees from Zhejiang boarded the boat at Hangzhou's food market bridge, and finally arrived at the Forbidden City after more than a month's journey.In those days on the ship, people talked more about where to stay abroad - they said that they could choose by themselves, but no one had experience and could not figure out how to volunteer.Young Lu Xun is very talkative, not like the taciturn old man.At that time, Lu Xun said to everyone, "Go to Japan -- foreign devils are bad tempered and want to kill people indiscriminately. The United States is too far away, Japan is near, and it is convenient to escape in case of danger." Later, he filled in the form of volunteers, and most of the students from Zhejiang went to Japan.[49]
When studying Japanese at Japanese Hongwen College, Lu Xun and Li Suizhi were in the same class and dormitory. They went out together and were often abused by Japanese teenagers. They were very angry. According to Li Suizhi's memory, Lu Xun said to him, "We came to Japan not to learn hypocritical rituals. This kind of abuse can be woven into our national songs to spur us to become stronger with anger."[50]
When he first arrived in Japan, Lu Xun was very sociable, but later, he was very independent - for example, everyone changed to wear a suit for the convenience of life, but he still wore a long, thick cotton gown, which was very eye-catching.Unfortunately, it is troublesome to wash long clothes, so he seldom washes them.Sometimes Li Suizhi can't stand it, so he washes it for him.[49]
Qian Junfu, Li Suizhi and Lu Xun in Youth
In 1904, after learning Japanese at Hongwen College, Li Suizhi accepted Lu Xun's advice and studied medicine together.[49]Lu Xun said to Li Suizhi that being a doctor is not to make money, but to help the hard working compatriots. The Qing government gave us money and cream to study abroad, and we should repay the hard working masses.[51][106]
However, Lu Xun eventually went to Sendai Medical College in Japan, while Li Suizhi went to Kanazawa Medical College in Japan.However, Lu Xun's enthusiasm for medicine is getting weaker and weaker. He wanted to write a book on genetics as a graduation thesis, but he lost interest at the beginning. He wanted something more important.Later, Lu Xun's thesis was written for him by Li Suizhi.However, Lu Xun finally abandoned medicine and literature on the way.[49]
After completing their studies, Lu Xun and Li Suizhi returned home one after another.As long as Lu Xun passed Hangzhou, he would go to find Li Suizhi more often.Once, Mrs. Li Suizhi asked Lu Xun at dinner: "Why did Mr. Yucai name Lu Xun?" Lu Xun, who had shaved his brush head, said: "Because my mother was Lu, she called me 'A Xun' when I was young, so she took the pen name of 'Lu Xun'." This statement is not consistent with the later official history.[49]
Li Suizhi and Qian Xuesen
Li Suizhi andQian Xuesen's fatherQian JunfuHe is a good friend.Someone in Qian's family is ill. Please look at Li Suizhi, including Qian Xuesen.Qian Xuesen was weak when he was a child. He had two very serious illnesses and almost died prematurely - meningitis and typhoid fever.Later, they turned the corner under the care of Li Suizhi.In 1946, Qian Xuesen went home to visit his relatives. After paying homage to the high hall, the first person he came to see was Li Suizhi. He knelt down at that time and said, "Uncle, without your care, I would not be Qian Xuesen today."[1][52][106][108]Qian Xuesen and Famous Modern Military TheoristsJiang BailiDaughterJiang YingThe combination that has been rumored is also ice made by Li Suizhi.[53][96]
Diagnose Empress Dowager Cixi
Empress Dowager Ci Xi
Li Suizhi was once famous after returning from overseas. Because doctors with his qualifications were rare in China, many dignitaries invited him to treat his diseases, includingEmpress Dowager Ci Xi。According to《Hangzhou Daily》According to the records, Li Suizhi once saw Empress Dowager Cixi sick - to see the female family members from Qianjin Palace, they were all "matchmaking". However, Li Suizhi said that only by touching the skin, can we accurately identify the pulse, and we also need to undress and use the receiver of Western medicine, otherwise we can't make a diagnosis.Surprisingly, Empress Dowager Cixi made an exception and agreed one by one.[1][5][96]
Raising Chen Yingshi's orphans
Mr. Li Suizhi[59]
According to Hangzhou Daily, Li Suizhi once worked forChen YingshiHe raised a child named Chen Yingyi.Chen Yingshi has deep contacts with Li Suizhi.When Chen Yingshi lived in Hangzhou, he went to find Li Suizhi in case of any illness. Later, he became the governor of Shanghai. He still came to Hangzhou to find Li Suizhi when he saw a doctor.One day, Chen Yingshi came to Li Suizhi's home again and said that he was not going to see a doctor, but had something personal to ask.It turned out that Chen Yingshi had become a Metropolitan Governor in Shanghai and handed over a movie star.Two years later, he had a child, which was not convenient in Shanghai, so he brought the child to Hangzhou.Li Suizhi was kind-hearted and agreed to help Chen Yingshi raise the child.The second year after the child came to Hangzhou, Chen Yingshi was assassinated. At this time, he didn't even have a name.Li Suizhi said, let's call it "Chen Yingyi", which means he is the orphan of Chen Yingshi.When Chen Yingyi was a teenager,Chiang Kai shekI've got a firm foothold,Chen Guofu、Chen LifuChen Yingyi is their cousin. Li Suizhi thought that it would be better to send the child back to the Chen family. The future of the child would be better when he arrived at the Chen family.However, Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu did not believe the rumors and did not come to recognize each other.At that time, Chen Yingyi was already sensible, and he also knew that his marriage was rejected.Later, he told Li Suizhi that he didn't want to join others. He only knew his family.Li Suizhi said, OK, you will be my son.A year later, Li Suizhi sent Chen YingyiZhejiang Police SchoolAfter studying, Mrs. Li Suizhi plans to find a Hangzhou girl for Chen Yingyi to marry him.But Chen Yingyi disagrees.In front of the bronze statue of Chen Yingshi on Pinghai Road, he told Mrs. Li Suizhi that the country was in a troubled age, and he was a man of unknown background. He refused his mother, not because he was not filial, but because he was afraid of delaying other people's girls, and his future life struggle might also be burdened.During the Anti Japanese War, when the Japanese attacked Shanghai, Chen Yingyi fought against the Japanese near the Chinese military airport in Hongqiao and died with hundreds of soldiers.[5]
Li Suizhi's Medical Diplomacy
Medical diplomacy
In 1922, the 8th World Medical Congress was held in JapanTokyoConvening.The representative of China at that time was Li Suizhi, his classmates and friends, and the then president of educationTangerhe。When ranking, the presidium willPuppet ManchukuoAnd“该词条不符合法规，无法展示”Separately, the puppet Manchukuo was still in front of "China".This arrangement was carefully arranged by the Japanese.Li Suizhi and Tang Erhe tried to protest and threatened to quit the meeting.However, the weak country had no diplomacy, and the Japanese half ignored it. Finally, they compromised and ranked "China" ahead of the puppet Manchukuo.At that time, China was indeed a weak country. Needless to say, military and political affairs, culture, education and health could not be mentioned.According to the regulations, all participating countries are required to send papers, but China does not have any.That kind of international conference, the white board of a great country will not make people laugh?Li Suizhi thought of a way and copied a few paragraphs《Typhoid theory》Recharge.Treatise on Febrile Diseases was a medical work of ancient Chinese, but at that time, few foreigners knew about it.Some western experts read the theory of typhoid fever in the book and were greatly impressed. They all said they would meet the author of Treatise on Febrile DiseasesZhang Zhongjingsir.With this opportunity, Li Suizhi let Westerners know a little about the breadth and depth of traditional Chinese medicine.[5]
In the early 1930s, Li Suizhi often became the mayor of Hangzhou at that time because of seeing a doctorZhou XiangxianGuests at home.One day, Zhou Xiangxian said to Li Suizhi with a worried face that he had encountered a thorny problem: the Japanese wanted to advertise "Sun Beer" in a large area, from one park to six parks.The advertisement is made of tin. How tall are the two people? It really stands upWest LakeAll wrapped up?When tourists come, they can't even see the West Lake. What's that like?Zhou Xiangxian didn't want to agree, and he didn't dare to offend the Japanese. He was restless these two days.Li Suizhi said that he wanted to find a way out. At that time, the Japanese Consul General in Hangzhou was called Matsumura Xiongzang. He was familiar with Li Suizhi and respected him very much (Li Suizhi's name was listed in the "Who's Who in Japan" with Lu Xun).Li Suizhi and Matsumura said that if the West Lake is not covered up, Hangzhou people will lose face and Chinese people will lose feelings. It is Japanese tourists who come to Hangzhou and can't see the West Lake. Wouldn't it be disappointing?Later, Li Suizhi suggested that we should set up somechime clockAdvertisement is placed on it, so that passers-by can see the time conveniently and Sun Beer can also be "advertised". Isn't it the best of both worlds?As old Hangzhou knows, the beer advertisement on the roadside bell came from this way.Li Suizhi solved the problem that made the mayor of Hangzhou sad in a few words through "medical diplomacy".[5]
Family members
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Li E, a famous poet in the Qing Dynasty
AncestorsGinger Teeth：Western Zhou DynastyThe founding father, the founder of Qi culture, an outstanding strategist, strategist and politician.
younger brotherLike a fierce Lin: A famous educator and diplomat, a pioneer of Sino European educational exchanges, and a representative of the cultural circles in the fight against Japan.
daughterLi Zhehua: FamouspediatricsExpert, pioneer of Chinese pediatric medicine, deputy to the Third and Fifth National People's Congress.
son-in-lawChen courtesy：Zhejiang MinjinFounder and main leader, member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the Democratic Progressive Movement,HangzhouFormer Vice Mayor.
nephewHarshness teaching: A famous diplomat, a leading authority in international law, once drafted the United Nations Convention and wasZhou EnlaiDefinitely.
Li Suizhi has published medical research articles since the beginning of the 20th century, covering many fields such as research on difficult and complicated diseases, military medical treatment, medical and health system, medical and health policies, medical education, Sino foreign medical exchanges, and research on the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,It has pioneering significance in the history of modern Chinese medicine.Li Suizhi has also written many medical monographs such as Industrial Hygiene, which is the first in the study of western medicine in China.[17][20][27][41][45]
Li Suizhi, Research on the Treatment of Stomach Qi Pain, Medical Concept, No. 2, 1914, pp. 140-143.[60]
Li Suizhi, Treatise on the concept of coughing up blood, The concept of medicine, No. 3, 1914, pages 1-9.[61]
Li Suizhi, Journal of the General Conference of the Chinese Medical Association, Medical Outlook, No. 3, 1914, pp. 67-68.[62]
Li Suizhi, Treatise on whether there is a concept of cough in pulmonary tuberculosis, Medical Concept, No. 5, 1914, pp. 35-39.[63]
Li Suizhi, Thesis: Life Outlook, "Medicine Outlook", 7, 1914, 5-8 pages.[64]
Li Suizhi, Relationship between War and Health, Journal of Military Affairs, No. 2, 1914, pages 1-8.[65]
Li Suizhi, Theory of Marching Illness, Journal of Military Affairs, No. 6, 1914, pages 5-12.[66]
Li Suizhi, The relationship between war and health (continued), Journal of Military Affairs, 7, 1914, 11-19.[67]
Li Suizhi, Theory of Marching Illness (continued), Journal of Military Affairs, No. 7, 1914, pp. 7-11.[68]
Li Suizhi, Relationship between War and Health (continued 2), Journal of Military Affairs, No. 8, 1914, pp. 12-20.[69]
Li Suizhi, Concept of Progress in Modern Military Surgery, Journal of Military Affairs, No. 10, 1915, pp. 7-13.[70]
Li Suizhi, Concept of Progress in Modern Military Surgery (continued), Journal of Military Affairs, No. 11, 1915.[71]
Li Suizhi, New Dawn of the Medical Press, New Tongde, Vol. 1, No. 4, 1924, pp. 82-83.[72]
Li Suizhi, Concept of the Relationship between Medical Affairs and Health and National Power, Medical Journal of the Republic of China, Issue 8, 1924.[73]
Li Suizhi, publishing words, Journal of Medicine, No. 1, 1928, 2-3 pages.[74]
Li Suizhi, Proposal (continued in the first issue): Full word Proposal No. 36: Topic: It is suggested that the domestic private medical school for adult children be involved in the case by the Expedition Committee of the Japanese Geng Fund Fund and the visiting Minister of Culture, Hiroshi Hiroshi, et al., Medical Transactions, Issue 2, 1930.[75]
Li Suizhi, The Past and the Present of Medical Trends, Tongren Medicine, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1930, pp. 2-5.[76]
Li Suizhi, listed in the speech of the Eighth Japanese Medical Association, Journal of Medicine of the Republic of China, 1930, Issue 6, pp. 221-224.[77]
Li Suizhi, Mourning the Past of German Social Health Scholars, Social Medical Journal, 156, 1931, pp. 2524-2525.[78]
Li Suizhi, editorial: epidemic prevention speech, Medicine and Pharmacy, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1932, pp. 8-10.[79]
Li Suizhi, Preface to the Complete Book of Typhoid Fever, Scientific Medical Journal, Vol. 1, No. 5, 1932, pp. 13-14.[80]
Li Suizhi, Editorial: Sending off the New Year and Welcoming the New Year, Medicine and Pharmacy, Vol. 1, No. 6, 1932, pp. 8-9.[81]
Li Suizhi, Health of Hangzhou in the Past Six Years, Municipal Quarterly, No. 2, 1933, pp. 25-110.[82]
Li Suizhi, Social Health Concept, Southeast Medical Journal, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1933, pp. 100-103.[83]
Li Suizhi, preface, Medicine and Pharmacy, Vol. 1, No. 10, 1933, page 20.[84]
Li Suizhi, Survey of the spread of tuberculosis in terms of social health, Scientific Medical Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 1, 1934.[85]
Li Suizhi, The Problem of Chinese Tobacco Poison in the Sound of National Revival, Medical Affairs, Vol. 2, No. 24, 1935, pp. 20-23.[86]
Li Suizhi, Urban Health and Hangzhou (I), Medicine and Pharmacy, Vol. 3, No. 3, 1935, pp. 22-33.[87]
Li Suizhi, Urban Health and Hangzhou (middle), Medicine and Pharmacy, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1935, pp. 20-33.[88]
Li Suizhi, Urban Health and Hangzhou (II), Medicine and Pharmacy, Vol. 3, No. 5, 1935, pp. 26-36.[89]
Li Suizhi, Prevention of Tuberculosis, 1935, 7-12, 539-595.[90]
Li Suizhi, Urban Health and Hangzhou, Medicine, 1936, Issue 2, pp. 23-80.[91]
Li Suizhi, Urban Health and Hangzhou (continued), Medicine, No. 3, 1936, pp. 35-63.[92]
Li Suizhi, The Use of Preventive Medicine and Therapeutic Medicine, Social Health, 1946, Issue 4, pp. 11-30.[93]
Li Suizhi, Review of the History of Health Administration, Social Health, 1946, Issue 6.[94]
Li Suizhi, Preface to Chen Lijie's Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Medical Monthly, 1947, Issue 3, 12 pages.[95]
