Western Zhou Cultural Relics Collected in Shaanxi History Museum
Qiu Weihe, a cellar of the former Dong family in the Western Zhou Dynasty, has a total height of 29 cm, a diameter of 20.2 cm and a weight of 7.1 kg.The neck is tied, the mouth edge is extravagant, there is a cover, the stomach is bulging, and the crotch is connected. The feet are cylindrical, tubular, and long flowing. The fish is the head of a long tongue beast, and the cover is connected with the device by a chain link.The cap edge and the neck of the vessel are decorated with Kui dragon patterns that hang the crown and look back and divide the tail, and the flow tube is decorated with triangular thunder patterns. It is a wine warming vessel cast during the Western Zhou Dynasty.Now hidden inShaanxi History Museum 。
In February 1975, a bronze kiln collection of the Zhou Dynasty was found in Dongjia Village within the ancient Zhou Yuan site at the southern foot of Qishan Mountain in Shaanxi Province.37 pieces of bronze wares of different periods from King Mu to King Xuan were unearthed in the kiln, most of which have inscriptions on them, which is very important for studying the history of politics, economy, law, land system and class relations in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty from King Mu to King Xuan.In particular, the two tripods, one He and one Gui made by Qiu Wei during the reign of King Gong, known as the "four Qiu Wei artifacts", are rare standard artifacts for studying bronze artifacts in the reign of King Gong.The "Qiu Wei Four Utensils" includes Wei He, Five Sacrificial Wei Ding, Nine Year Wei Ding and Wei GuiThe Five Year Wei Ding was made in the fifth year of King Gong of Zhou, and the Nine Year Wei Ding was made in the ninth year of King GongThe Five Year Wei Ding stands with ears and legs, the mouth is folded outward, and the lower abdomen is inclined outward. There is a thick layer of soot at the bottom of the Ding, indicating that it is a practical object;The lower part of the mouth edge is decorated with the stealing melody pattern, which is common in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, with fine thunder patterns at the bottom. The inscription is cast on the inner wall of the belly of the tripodThe shape and decoration of the Nine Year Wei Ding are the same as those of the Five Year Wei Ding, but different in size. The overall height is 37.2 cm, the caliber is 34.5 cm, the belly depth is 20 cm, and the weight is 12.25 kg.The foundation of the slave social system in the Western Zhou Dynasty was "no trade in the fields" and "under the whole world, whether it was a king's land, a guest of the land, and whether it was a king's minister". The discovery of Qiu Wei's four implements, especially the Wei He, the Five Sacrifice Wei Ding, and the Nine Year Wei Ding, reflected the shaking of the slave land system in the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Inscription inside the cover
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inscription
There are 132 words of inscriptions in the lid, which mainly records that in the third year of King Gong of Zhou Dynasty, a slave owner named Ju Bo paid Qiu Wei 1300 mu of agricultural land twice as the price for gifts in exchange for something to meet the Emperor, namely, a jade ritual vessel worth 80 pence and a fur dress worth 20 pence.Qiu Wei reported the matter to the ministers in power, which was recognized by the ministers. He also held a land grant ceremony, thus confirming the legal procedures for transferring land ownership.
Inscription of Wei He
In Wei He's inscription, shell has been used as a medium for commodity exchange.It recorded the shell, which had the function of currency at that time, as a yardstick to measure and calculate the value of commodities, which was rare in the bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Original text of the inscription: In March of the third year of the reign of Bai people, they had born Ba Renyin, Wang Guiqi and Qiu Wei.Only eighty friends were cut, and ten fields were preserved.Two red tigers (Hu), two red tigers (Wei He) and one red tiger (Wei He) can be used to cut twenty friends.His house is located in three fields.Qiu Weinai told Bo Yi's father, Rong Bo, Ding Bo, Liang Bo and Shan Bo that he ordered Shen (III) to take charge of Yousi, Situ, Weiyi, Sima Danyu, and the people of Sigong (Kong).Xian, (Daofu), Wei Xiaoyao, the rebellious ones (Zhu), their ministers (feasts). Wei is used as a treasure plate for my textual research to benefit Meng, and to protect their eternal treasure.
