Rubles, also known as rublesRussiaRubles, symbol: ₽ (original symbol Rbs. Rbl).Currency code: RUB.Region of use: Russia and self declared independentAbkhaziaandsouth ossetia 。Inflation rate：7%。The Russian ruble (Рублж) is the standard monetary unit of Russia.Fractional currencyIt is Kobi (Копейка).1 ruble=100 gobies.The notes have denominations of 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000 rubles, and 50, 10, 5, 1 gobi coins.
On December 16, 2014, the Russian ruble accelerated its decline, as ofBeijing Time20: 11, Russian ruble againstdollarAnother record low[1]。President of RussiaVladimir Vladimir PutinExpressed opposition to fixed ruble exchange rate[2]。
On September 10, 2018, the Russian ruble exchange rate continued to decline, andUSD exchange rateBelow 70[3]。March 2020, andUSD exchange rateBreaking 80[27]。
Chinese name
rouble
Foreign name
российский рубль(Russian) Russian Ruble (or Rouble)(English)
The disintegration of the Soviet UnionPreviously, four editions of the standardized ruble were published, namely, the 1938 edition, the 1947 edition, the 1961 edition, and the 1991 edition.The denominations of 1947 rubles are 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 rubles respectively;The denominations of the 1961 edition were 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 rubles respectively, and the denominations of the coins were 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 50 gobi and 1 ruble;The 1991 edition has denominations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 50, 100 rubles (there are two editions: Lenin Watermark and Five Star Watermark), 200, 500, and 1000 rubles respectively.
After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the Russian government has issued a total of four sets of currency, namely, the 1992 version, the 1993 version, the 1995 version and the 1997 version.The 1992 edition is 50, 200, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10000 rubles;The 1993 ruble banknotes have denominations of 100, 200, 500, 1000, 5000, 10000 and 50000 rubles;The denominations of the 1995 ruble banknotes are 1000, 5000, 10000, 50000 and 100000 rubles;The 1997 version of the ruble is the current circulation ruble, with notes of 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000 rubles, and coins of 1, 5, 10, 50 gobies and 1, 2, 5, 10 rubles.
Historical evolution
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Before 1998
RUB COINS
The ruble was originallyRussian EmpireOfMonetary unit。In 1800, the price comparison with gold was established. In 1897, the value of ruble notesGold content0.774234 g.
In 1921, a new rouble was issued, stipulating that 1 new rouble should be exchanged for 10000 old roubles.
In October 1922, the paper currency denomination was reduced for the second time, and 1 new rouble was required to exchange for 100 roubles issued in 1921.October 1922 Russian Republicnational bankThey also issued Cherwin bank notes, each containing 7.742 grams of gold, guaranteed by 25% of gold and 75% of commodities, with the same gold content as the Russian gold ruble, which was used for foreign exchange in the Soviet UnionTrade settlement。
In February 1924, new 1, 3 and 5 ruble government notes and copper and silver were issuedFractional currencyAt the same time, it is stipulated that the new currency 1 ruble will be exchanged for the old currency 50000 rubles, and 1 Cherwin banknote will be exchanged for the new currency 10 rubles, thus establishing Cherwin banknotes as government notes andcentral bankIssued by the Ministry of FinanceMonetary system。In the mid-1930s, due to the influence of political and economic conditions at home and abroad, the ruble exchange rate often changed and was very unstable.Since April 1, 1936, the ruble exchange rate has been fixed in FrancefrancSay, 1 ruble equals 3 francs, rightOther currenciesThe calculation shall be made accordingly.On October 1, 1936, the gold content of the French franc was reduced, and the exchange rate of the ruble was adjusted to 1 ruble, which was equal to 4.25 French francs. At the end of June 1937, the French franc was cancelledgold standardThe exchange rate of ruble was changed to US dollars.
1947Currency reform, Abolish Cherwin bank notes, keep the token unchanged, issue new rouble notes, and stipulate that 1 new rouble can be exchanged for 10 old roubles for recyclingWorld War IIThe excessively issued 1924 rubles.In 1950, the second time after the warMonetary reform, taking exchange rate as the centerEastern EuropeThe currencies of various countries have established a price comparison relationship with the ruble, and the gold content of the ruble is 0.222168 grams. At the same time, the exchange rate against the United States dollar is set as one dollar equals four rubles.Since April 1, 1957, in order to attractNon trade foreign exchangeIt is stipulated that 150% subsidy will be added to the official exchange rate for non trade transactions with western free foreign exchange, that is, the non trade exchange rate against the US dollar is 1 US dollar equals 10 rubles.
January 1, 1961Soviet UnionThe third post-war monetary reform was carried out, and new rubles were issued,Gold contentIt is 0.987412g, and 1 new ruble is exchanged for 10 old rubles.The ruble appreciated 10 times domestically and 4.44 times externally, that is, the exchange rate against the US dollar was correspondingly changed to 1 US dollar equal to 0.90 rubles, and the non trade surcharge was eliminated, and the exchange rate was unified until 1971Depreciation of the dollarThe exchange rate of the ruble against the US dollar will be adjusted accordingly.In February 1973, the US dollar depreciated again,the WestCurrency has been implemented successivelyfloating rate，gold-content of money It can no longer be used as the basis for determining the exchange rate.Since November 1977, a basket of currencies has been adoptedWeighting methodCalculate the exchange rate of the ruble against the currencies of western countries.On October 28, 1989, the Soviet Union announced the implementation of the dual exchange rate.November 1, 1990 RUBOfficial exchange rateFor the first time in nearly 30 years, it depreciated significantly from 0.6 rubles to 1.80 rubles.December 25, 1991The disintegration of the Soviet UnionThe ruble became the standard monetary unit of Russia.Others of the former Soviet Unionaligned republicAfter independence, some issuedcurrencySome still use rubles.In July 1993, the Russian government announced that the ruble banknotes issued from 1961 to 1992 would cease circulation, and a new version of the ruble would be issued at the same time.On November 25, 1994, the official exchange rate of the ruble was 3235 rubles per dollar.
In the former Soviet Union, the ruble'sMonetary ValueIt used to be as high as $2, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union,inflationVery quickly, the value of the ruble dropped sharply, reaching a minimum of 1400 rubles to one dollar.In 1994, Russia began to issue new rubles. After Putin was elected president,Executive controlWith the policy of inflation, the new ruble has reached nearly 26 rubles to one dollar.
In order to make the ruble with more than 800 years of historyinternational currencyIn 2006, Russia decided to choose an exclusive logo for the ruble.On July 1 of the same year, the ruble becameFreely convertible currency。
1998 – present
500 RUB front
The new ruble was reissued on January 1, 1998rate of exchangeExchange 1000 old rubles for 1 new ruble.The denomination setting of the new currency did not completely solve the basic economic problems faced by Russia at that time.1998 Russiafinancial crisisOnce again, the currency depreciated.In August 1998, after nearly six months of financial crisis, the ruble depreciated by 70% against the US dollar.
The ruble fell 13% sharply against the US dollar on the 15th day, closing at 64 rubles per US dollar[4]。On the 16th, after a slight rebound at the opening, it fell quickly, and it unexpectedly fell below the 80 mark[4]。
Economists are generally worried about the continuous sharp decline of the rublefinancial marketIt will be destroyed in a period of time[4]。
Russian President Putin said at the press conference that he was opposed to fixing the ruble exchange rate and had no plans to force itexporterProceeds from sale of foreign exchange[2]。
500 rubles reverse
Putin said that Russia has sufficientforeign exchange reserveThe Russian Central Bank has been providing foreign exchange liquidity, and the ruble exchange rate will stabilize[5]。For the currenteconomic problemPutin said that Russia's economic turmoil was first caused by external factors[5]。
"It's snowballingCurrency crisisIt may destroy Putin's reputation ", USA《New York Times》On the 16th, he said that Putin's reputation lies in his ability to bring stability and prosperity to the country and let Russians enjoy itNational pridePeople of[6]。ReutersOn the 17th, it was more direct -- the ruble crisis shook Putin's power foundation[6]。
As of October 13, 2014People's Bank of ChinaAndRussiaThe Federal Central Bank signed a bilateral local currency swap agreement of 150 billion yuan/815 billion rubles[7]The sharp fall of the ruble makes China "send money directly" to Russia[8]。
Several economists acceptGlobal TimesDuring the interview, he angrily denounced the "money delivery machine" as nonsense[8]。
On October 12, 2017, Elvira Nabiullina, President of the Central Bank of RussiaMoscowThe new 2000 ruble and 200 ruble banknotes were released.[9]
In May 2022, the exchange rate of the ruble against the US dollar and the euro continued to rise.Moscow, 23 local timeexchangedata displayThe ruble's exchange rate against the euro broke 59 to 1, a new high since June 2015.[19]
On June 20, 2022, the exchange rate of the ruble against the dollar once rose to 54 rubles per dollar, a new high in nearly seven years, pushing the rise of the ruble exchange rate since 2022 to 35%, ranking first among global currencies.[20]
On June 28, 2022 local time, according to the data of the Moscow Stock Exchange, as of the closing, the exchange rate of the ruble against the US dollar was 51.8 to 1, the highest since May 2015;The exchange rate of the ruble against the euro was 54.55 to 1, the highest since April 2015.[21]
On July 20, 2022 local time,KyrgyzstanEconomy andMinistry of CommerceMinister Danial Amangertyev said that Kyrgyzstan and Russia have decided to use rubles for trade settlement.[22]
In September 2022,turkeyRussian natural gas will be received, 25% of which will be paid in rubles.[23]
On July 11, 2023 local time, after half a year of revision, the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian Parliament, passed the bill on introducing digital rubles and creating a platform on third reading.The Russian Central Bank immediately said that it planned to start issuing digital rubles on a pilot basis in August.[24]
On July 24, 2023 local time, Russian President Putin signed the law introducing the concept of digital ruble into the civil code.[25]
On August 3, 2023, the Russian Central Bank reported that the Russian Central Bank used coral red and white digital ruble signs for display.[26]
Tajikistan was the last country to stop using the Soviet ruble due to the outbreak of civil war.The Tajik ruble wasSomoniReplace, the exchange rate is 1000 to 1
All Russian ruble notes are printed at the Goznak State owned factory in Moscow.The factory was established on June 6, 1919 and continues to operate.Coins were minted at the Saint Petersburg Mint in Moscow, which was founded in 1724.
exchange rate
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RUB/USD 1998 – 2014
particular year
date
Minimum exchange rate ↓
date
Maximum exchange rate ↑
Average exchange rate
one thousand nine hundred and ninety-eight
January 1st
five point nine six zero zero
December 29th
twenty point nine nine zero zero
nine point seven nine four five
one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine
January 1st
twenty point six five zero zero
December 29th
twenty-seven
twenty-four point six four eight nine
two thousand
January 6th
twenty-six point nine zero zero zero
February 23rd
twenty-eight point eight seven zero zero
twenty-eight point one two eight seven
two thousand and one
January 4th
twenty-eight point one six zero zero
December 28th
thirty point three zero zero zero
twenty-nine point one seven five three
two thousand and two
January 1st
thirty point one three seven two
December 7th
thirty-one point eight six zero zero
thirty-one point three six zero eight
two thousand and three
December 20th
twenty-nine point two four five zero
January 9th
thirty-one point eight eight four six
thirty point six seven one nine
two thousand and four
December 30th
twenty-seven point seven four eight seven
January 1st
twenty-nine point four five four five
twenty-eight point eight zero eight zero
two thousand and five
March 18th
twenty-seven point four six one one
December 6th
twenty-eight point nine nine seven eight
twenty-seven point one nine one zero
two thousand and six
December 6th
twenty-six point one eight four zero
January 12th
twenty-eight point four eight three four
twenty-seven point one three five five
two thousand and seven
November 24th
twenty-four point two six four nine
January 13th
twenty-six point five seven seven zero
twenty-five point five eight zero eight
two thousand and eight
July 16th
twenty-three point one two five five
December 31st
twenty-nine point three eight zero four
twenty-four point eight five two nine
two thousand and nine
November 13th
twenty-eight point six seven zero one
February 19th
thirty-six point four two six seven
thirty-one point seven four zero three
two thousand and ten
April 16th
twenty-eight point nine three one zero
June 8th
thirty-one point seven seven nine eight
thirty point three six seven nine
two thousand and eleven
May 6th
twenty-seven point two six two five
October 5th
thirty-two point six seven nine nine
twenty-nine point three eight two three
two thousand and twelve
March 28th
twenty-eight point nine four six eight
June 5th
thirty-four point zero three nine five
thirty-one point zero six six one
two thousand and thirteen
February 5th
twenty-nine point nine two five one
September 5th
thirty-three point four six five six
thirty-one point nine zero six three
two thousand and fourteen
January 1st
thirty-two point six five eight seven
December 17th
sixty-nine point five three six nine
-
Source: USD exchange rates in RUB,Bank of Russia
XE Kurrency US Dollar to Russian Luble
Exchange rate
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100 RUB=8.433 RMB
100 RUB=1.2602 USD
100 RUB=131.86 yen
100 RUB=1.082 EUR
RUB 100=£ 0.9740
100 RUB=1432.18 won
100 RUB=9.7684 HKD
100 RUB=1.7936 AUD
100 RUB=1.678 CAD
Note: The above information was updated on November 1, 2020
Coin
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Value
Diameter
Mass
Composition
Edge
Obverse
Reverse
1 kopek
15.5mm
1.5g
-
Kupronickel-steel
Plain
Saint George
5 kopek
18.5mm
2.6g
2.6 g
10 kopek
17.5mm
1.95g
1,95 g
Brass1997–2006
Brass plated steel 2006–
Milled for brass and plain for plated
Saint George
50 kopek
19.5mm
2.9g
2.9 g
1 luble
20.5mm
3.25g
3.25 g
Cupronickel1997–2009
Nickel plated steel 2009–
Milled
2-headed eagle emblem of the Bank of Russia
2 luble
23mm
5.1g
5.1~5.2 g
Broken reeding
5 luble
25mm
6.45g
6.45 g
Cupronickel-copper 1997–2009
Nickel plated steel 2009–
10 luble
22mm
5.63g
5.63 g
Brass plated steel
Broken reeding
2-headed eagle emblem of the Bank of Russia
Currency pilot
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Located on the border between China and RussiaHeilongjiang ProvinceSuifenhe CityIt was announced that the city has been officially approved by the State Council as the first pilot city for the use of the ruble in China.This is the first time since the founding of New China that a foreign currency is allowed to be used in a specific field in ChinaSovereign currencyEquivalent function.Suifenhe RiverAfter becoming the first pilot city for the use of the ruble in China, the ruble can be freely accessed in Suifen River, and Russian tourists can eat, shop and take taxis directly in the ruble.
according toPeople's Bank of ChinaThe person in charge of Suifenhe Sub branch introduced that the successful approval of the pilot city for the use of ruble would help Suifenhe regulate the ruble trading market and crack downblack marketAnd make its private ruble trading market move from "underground" to "above ground".Suifenhe is known as the "border commercial capital" on the border between China and Russia, and is an important channel for China's logistics to Russia.With the rapid development of Sino Russian port trade, Russian tourists and shoppers have frequent inbound and outbound tripsforeign cashThe usage is increasing year by year.[10]
Currency symbol
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Ruble symbol[11]
As early as the 1990s, Russia proposed to design rublesCurrency symbol, but it has not been published yet.After the advent of the euro, the call for the design of the ruble currency symbol became more and more strong.In 2006, Russia revised the Central Bank Law to confirm the currency symbol of rublelegal status。
Since 2007, the Central Bank of Russia has widely solicited suggestions on ruble currency symbols, and different institutions and individuals have proposed thousands of bidding design patterns.After six years of long screening, the working group of the Russian Central Bank has selected five alternative symbols and will finally select theDecision powerTo Russian citizens.
From November 5 to December 5, 2013, Russian citizens can participate in voting on the central bank's website. They can choose their favorite currency symbols by providing gender, age and education.In one month, a total of 280000 people participated in the voting, and the finally selected currency symbol was loved by 61% of the voters.
On December 11, 2013, the Central Bank of Russia approved the currency symbol ₽₽₽₽₽₽₽₽₽₽₽₽₽₽₽₽Cyrillic alphabetP，But the lower part of P is supplemented with alevelIn this way, a "=" is formed in the middle of the letter P. These two parallel lines symbolize the stable status of the ruble.[12]
Crimea adopted
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On March 17, 2014, the Crimean Parliament announced that the Russian ruble became the second official currency of Crimea.
Crimea held a meeting on March 16, 2014autonomous republicAll people in positionreferendum。According to the results of the Crimean referendum, 96.77% of the voters who participated in the referendum voted to support the Republic's accession to Russia.
Crimea's request to join Russia will first be submitted to Putin.After Putin's approval, the request will be submitted to RussiaHouse of CommonsThey will draft a treaty between Russia and Crimea.According to the treaty, a transition period will be set for a period of time so that Crimea can gradually integrate into Russia in economy, finance, credit and law.Treaty signingLater, the Russian Constitutional Court will verify the treaty, and then the Russian upper and lower houses will vote on the treaty.[13]
Depreciation News
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Apple Suspends Online Sales
On December 17, 2014, due to the sharp depreciation of the ruble,AppleSales of Russian online stores have been suspended.The online store will remain offline for maintenance until Apple finishes modifying the price.Alan Hello, an Apple spokesman, said: "Our online store in Russia will be offline for maintenance, and we will reset the price of our products. We apologize for the trouble caused."
In addition, an Apple spokesman told the Russian website Lenta that the online store was offline for maintenance because the ruble devalued too much.The Russian Apple online store displays the classic "We'll be back soon" message.It is not clear how long this price adjustment will take.
Due to the serious devaluation of the ruble, Russia'siPhone 6And iPhone 6 Plus are much cheaper than other European countries.Before offline maintenance of the online store, the price of the 16GB iPhone 6 was only 39990 rubles, about 447 euros or 558 dollars (equivalentRMBAbout 3458 yuan).The price of 16GB iPhone 6 Plus is 46990 rubles, about 550 euros or 681 dollars.In other European countries, the price of the 16GB iPhone 6 and 6 Plus is 700 euros ($876) and 800 euros ($999), respectively.[11]
In the UKLondonOr GermanyFrankfurtApple ofRetail storeIn front of the door, we often see Russians queuing up to buy new Apple products, but this phenomenon isiPhone6 It no longer appears after listing.Russian Apple authorized retailer re: Store said that before, theySt.PetersburgThe sales volume of is average, people prefer to go to a place 100 kilometers awayFinlandThe situation of buying iPhones and clothes at the border has been reversed because of the devaluation of the ruble. Finns will come to pick them up.From local mobile phonesindustry insidersIt was also confirmed thatSoviet UnionConsumers in member countries used to go to other European countries, even Hong Kong, to buy cheap iPhones, and then go back to China to resell them to earn the price difference. However, in Russia, they have come to "purchase".[14]
Rush to buy living materials
In December 2014, both Russian locals and foreigners living in Russia were frantically shopping.The prices of meat, eggs, milk, vegetables and other living materials are risingIncreaseAbout 20%.whilePrice riseWhen the speed has not caught up with the rapid decline of the ruble, the local Russian people should spend the ruble as soon as possible to turn it into a commodity of practical value, while for businesses, they should withdraw funds as soon as possible.[15]
On January 6, 2022Eurasian Economic UnionMember'sKazakhstanThe Russian ruble has continued to decline in recent days due to the turbulence of the domestic situation.[16]
According to the exchange rate published by the Russian Central Bank, the Russian ruble will be exchanged on January 6, 2022euroIt is about 87.33:1 (one euro is worth 87.33 rubles), and the ruble is about 77.2:1 (one dollar is worth 77.2 rubles), hitting the lowest points since August and April 2021 respectively.[16]
In February 2022, due to the escalation of the situation in Russia and Ukraine and other factors, the ruble exchange rate depreciated rapidly, with a depreciation rate of more than 20% in the past half month.Two on the 24th and 25thTrading dayDomestic, Russian stock market andforeign exchange marketContinuous turbulence, but at the same time RussiaFinancial sectorThe control measures of are also strengthening and producing certain effects.As of the end of the trading day on the 25th, Russiastock market indexClosing on a rising trend, ruble versusUSD exchange rateIt also shows a downward trend.[17]
On April 13, 2022,BelarusPresident Lukashenko and RussiaBinhai Border RegionGovernor Koremenko said during the meeting that due to the western sanctions against Russia and Belarus, the two countries began to use local currency for settlement.[18]
