Doctor of Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period
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synonymBu Yan(Official of the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period) Generally refers to Guo Yan (Official of the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period)
Guo Yan, the Spring and Autumn PeriodJin state during Spring and Autumn periodDoctor, he became an official in the State of Jin in 661 BC.Guo Yan advocated that reform should be carried out from the economic field, and then extended to the employment system.Although the "Guo Yan's Method" did not deny the traditional "kinship" employment policy, it emphasized the "respect for talents".The "Guo Yan's Law" also reformed the distribution system, adopting the "monarch eats tribute" system, requiring the monarch not to reserve land, but to collect taxes from the land owner.
Guo Yan, the Spring and Autumn PeriodJin state during Spring and Autumn periodThe doctor was the chief doctor of the Duke Wen of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period, who led the social reform of Jin at that timeGuo Yan's Method", emphasizing that the reform should be started by talents in the economic field, and then extended to the employment system.Although this law does not completely deny the traditional employment policy of "kinship", it pays more attention to the greatest principle of "respecting the virtuous".The "Law of Guo Yan" even boldly adopted the concept of "king eating tribute", requiring the monarch not to retain any land from now on, but to collect taxes from the land owner. These ideas not only rapidly promoted the vigorous development of the Jin society, but also provided the ideological source for the future Three Jin Legalists.On the other hand, in fact, Guo Yan even holds the post of chief diviner, which is called "Bu Yan"That's why. It is said that on the day of the death of Duke Wen of Jin, his coffin suddenly made a loud noise like the sound of a cow, and claimed that there would be troops from the West across the border of Jin. As long as they took the opportunity to launch an attack, they would win a big victory.
Be as famous as Guan Zhong
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In the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi was first transformed into a feudal system.Guan ZhongDuke Huan implemented a series of feudal reforms.On this basis, Qi became the most powerful country in the East, and Duke Huan of Qi became the earliest hegemon in the Spring and Autumn Period.Then came the State of Jin.Duke Wen of Jin was the overlord of Duke Huan of Qi last time.It was also the result of the earlier feudalization of the Jin State that he became the hegemon.At that time, Guo Yan was the person who helped Duke Wen of Jin to implement feudalization in the State of Jin.After the Qin and Han Dynasties, Guan Zhong was still very famous, and everyone knew that he was the main initiator and promoter of the feudal reform of the Qi State.However, the name Guo Yan is rarely noticed.In fact, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qi Huan and Jin Wen were equally famous;Guan Zhong and Guo Yan are equally famous.
Mozi - Dyed
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《Mozi·The chapter of the painting says: "Qi Huan was dyed by Guan Zhong and Bao Shu. Jin Wen was dyed by his uncle, Gao Yan (Yu Yue said that Gao was also read as Guo, and Gao Yan was Guo Yan.) (The Zuo Zhuan was written as Bu Yan)." Mo Zhai believed that life was born as white silk."If you dye it with yellow, it will be yellow." The following lists King Zhuang of Chu, King Helu of Wu, and King Gou Jian of Yue, saying that they all have good ministers to "dye" them.The conclusion said: "These five kings were the five hegemons in the Spring and Autumn Period, because they were infected by them, they dominated the feudal lords, and their fame was handed down to later generations.".This means that Guan Zhong dominated Qi Huan, and Guo Yan dominated Jin Wen.
What do you depend on them for?Han Fei said, "If Guan Zhong doesn't change to Qi, and Guo Yan doesn't change his position, Huan and Wen won't dominate." That is to say, relying on their reform.If Guan Zhong did not change the state of Qi and Guo Yan did not change the state of Jin, Qi Huan and Jin Wen could not become overlords.Han Fei continued to say that the reform will be resisted by stubborn people.Those who persist in political reform must be prepared to use violence to promote political reform.Han Fei said, "So when Guo Yan first ruled, Duke Wen had officials and soldiers; when Guan Zhong first ruled, Duke Huan had military chariots, which were ready to warn people."（《Han Feizi·South) Guo Yan and Guan Zhong were the main figures of Jin and Qi who advocated and carried out the reform.
Shang Yang's Political Reform
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When discussing reform with Qin Xiaogong, Shang Yang said: "Guo Yan's method said: 'Those who talk about supreme virtue do not agree with the common people; those who achieve great achievements do not seek the common people.'" (Book of Shang Junshu · Geng Fa) "Guo Yan's method" is Guo Yan's measure and speech during the reform of the Jin State.Han Fei said, "The laws of Zang Guan and Shang are in the family." (Han Feizi, Wutong) The laws of Zang Guan and Shang were Guan ZhongShang YangMeasures and comments.《Strategies of the Warring States Period》There is a part of the content of "Guo Yan's Law".This article says: "The law of Guo Yan (today's version is Yan Guo, from Zeng Gong's version) is that of Sang Yong... people around him and his wife are appointed to give preferential treatment to children. This can take advantage of the king's drunkenness to ask for what he wants from the king. If he can get it from inside, then the minister will bend the law for it. So the sun and the moon shine outside. The thief is inside. Please be prepared for what he hates, and the disaster is what he loves." (Zhao Cesi, Visiting the King of Zhao)Chapter) Han Fei also cited the last few sentences of "Gu Ri".Han Fei said, "When the party of empresses, wives and princes is successful, they want to kill the king... So the sun and moon are around, and the thieves are inside. They should be prepared for their hatred, and the disaster is in their love." ("Han Feizi · Beinei") "Sangyong" is a tumor (carbuncle) growing on the mulberry tree. Empresses, wives, princes and the people who serve them are all tumors growing on the monarch.They took advantage of the power of the king to do evil, and even killed him to seize power.It should be noted that the words "the sun and the moon are surrounded by halos" are quoted in the Warring States Policy as "the method of Guo Yan".Han FeiAlthough there is no such statement, the words are exactly the same, which may also be cited as "Guo Yan's method".[1]
Mandarin
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《Mandarin》There are several paragraphs of Guo Yan recorded in, which may also be part of the content of "Guo Yan's method".The Duke Xian of Jin destroyed Li Rong, took Li Ji and made her his wife.Guo Yan said, "I see your wife. If there is chaos, she will still be a farmer. Although she has obtained fertile land and worked hard, she will be a good man." (Jin Yu) This passage shows Guo Yan's foresight and also shows the social situation at that time.From this passage, the so-called slave peasants are serfs forced to engage in agricultural labor.They planted fertile land and worked a lot;However, the grain collected cannot be enjoyed by oneself, but only contributes to others.
The development of things is just as Guo Yan expected.When Duke Xian of Jin died, Liji's son became King Jin and was killed soon after.Yiwu, the younger brother of Prince Shensheng, was appointed King Jin, namely Huigong.He was very unpopular. Guo Yan criticized Jin Huigong and said, "The beauty of the lady must be spread outside, and the more she is in the people's eyes, the more people will wear it. The evil is also like that. Therefore, one should not act carelessly, but must know it." (Jin Yu III) Guo Yan's criticism focused on the people's attitude towards rulers, and believed that unpopular rulers must fail.
After the death of Duke Hui, the State of Jin killed his son and made Chonger, another son of Duke Xian, king. This was Duke Wen of Jin.
According to the Guoyu, "Duke Wen asked Guo Yan, saying, 'At the beginning, it was easy for me to govern the country, but now it is difficult,' and Yan said, 'If you think it is easy, it will be difficult. If you think it is difficult, it will be difficult.'" (Jin Yu IV) That is, if you look at things as easy, it will be difficult;If things are hard, easy will come.Under certain conditions, difficulty and ease transform into each other, which is a dialectical thought.
