PhD candidate

Postgraduates studying for doctorate

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Doctoral students, that is, postgraduates studying for doctoral degrees, are Graduate degree The highest level in the. What people say in their daily life, such as being admitted to a doctor's degree or studying for a doctor's degree, refers to doctoral students. Students who are studying and have not yet obtained a doctor's degree can only be called doctoral graduates strictly; The person who has obtained a doctor's degree is really a doctor. Therefore, according to International practice , on Formal occasions Only those who have obtained a doctor's degree can be titled "Dr."; This restriction is not applicable in informal occasions.

China Higher academic education There are three educational levels: specialty ， undergraduate ， graduate student , and graduate education is the highest education, but graduate students can be divided into Master And doctoral students, doctoral students are the highest education level in higher education. Unified recruitment Doctoral students (including full-time or Part time postgraduate ）Upon graduation, you can obtain a doctoral degree graduation certificate And Doctor certificate of academic degree ； Instead Equivalent education In service Those who are studying for a doctorate No Obtaining academic certificate can only After obtaining a degree certificate, his education is still his original education, such as undergraduate or Master 。

China Doctoral education It controls the scale, forming a ratio of 10:1. In addition, in order to be easy to understand, you can refer to the full set of Chinese Academic education Policy classification: middle school students include junior high school students and senior high school students, college students include junior college students, undergraduate students and graduate students, and graduate students include graduate students and doctoral students. Doctoral students are referred to as doctoral students for short. Doctoral students in people's daily life are referred to as doctoral students. Doctoral students are the most highly educated and academic degree Postdoctoral fellows are not students, but staff members. Although its name has the word "doctor", it has nothing to do with students, but is actually a staff member.^[1-2]

In 2023, China will enroll 1.3017 million graduate students, including 153300 doctoral students and 612500 doctoral students.^[6]

Chinese name: PhD candidate
Foreign name: Doctoral Candidate
Interpretation: Postgraduates studying for doctorate

Abbreviation: doctor
Enrollment method: Entrance examination organized by each enrollment unit
Certificate: Diploma and Doctoral Degree Certificate
Corresponding degree: doctorate

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Development data

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In 2021, 1176500 graduate students will be enrolled nationwide. Among them, 125800 doctoral students and 1050700 master students were recruited. 3.3324 million graduate students are studying. Among them, 509500 are doctoral students and 2822900 are master students.

In 2022, the country will enroll 1.2425 million graduate students, an increase of 5.61% over the previous year. Among them, 139000 doctoral students and 1103500 master students were recruited. There were 3.6536 million graduate students in school, an increase of 9.64% over the previous year. Among them, 556100 are doctoral students and 3097500 are master students.^[3]

On July 5, 2023, the website of the Ministry of Education released a statistical bulletin on the development of national education in 2022. In 2022, 1.2425 million graduate students will be enrolled, an increase of 66000 or 5.61% over the previous year; Among them, there are 139000 doctoral students and 1103500 master students. 3653600 graduate students were enrolled, an increase of 321200 over the previous year, or 9.64%; Among them, 556100 are doctoral students and 3097500 are master students. There are 862200 graduate students, including 82300 doctoral students and 779800 graduate students.^[4]

In 2023, Chinese universities currently have 61.2 doctoral candidates 10000 people.^[5]

On March 1, 2024, the Ministry of Education held a press conference to introduce the basic situation of national education development in 2023. In 2023, the country will enroll 1.3017 million graduate students, an increase of 4.76% over the previous year. Among them, 153300 doctoral students were recruited, an increase of 10.29% over the previous year; Among them, 612500 doctoral students were enrolled, an increase of 10.14% over the previous year.^[6]

PhD Admission

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Sample of Doctoral Degree Certificate

The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China assigns the enrollment scale of doctoral postgraduates to each enrollment unit, formulates the national enrollment brochures, and compiles the National Catalog of Doctoral Enrollment Specialties. Persons who have obtained a master's degree, or have reached the master's degree within 6 years after obtaining a bachelor's degree Equivalent education Personnel can also apply for the exam.

Each enrollment unit shall formulate a sound enrollment work system to complete the work of setting questions, examinations, marking papers, etc. Entrance examination is divided into preliminary examination and reexamination Two stages 。 Examination results The enrollment unit shall notify the candidates in writing. The enrollment unit shall enroll new students in accordance with the principle of "comprehensively measuring morality, intelligence and physique, selecting the best, ensuring quality, and preferring shortage to abuse". The entrance examination results are only valid for this enrollment, Admitted Freshmen should enter the school in the same year. After the training and learning stage National recognition Doctoral diploma and doctoral degree certificate.

University List

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University List
Tsinghua University	Peking University	Beijing University of Science and Technology	Peking Union Medical College	Shanxi University
Nankai University	Kunming University of Science and Technology	Tianjin University of Finance and Economics	Fudan University	Nanjing University
Sun Yat-sen University	Sichuan University	Harbin Institute of Technology	Huazhong University of Science and Technology	Jilin University
Yanbian University	Shandong University	Xi'an Jiaotong University	Central South University	University of Science and Technology of China
Renmin University of China	Southeast University	Tianjin University	Dalian University of Technology	Beijing Normal University
South China University of Technology	South China Normal University	Tongji University	Chongqing University	Southwest University
Northwestern Polytechnical University	Lanzhou University	Beijing University of Technology	China Agricultural University	Hunan University
Zhengzhou University	East China University of Science and Technology	Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics	Nanjing Agricultural University	University of Electronic Science and Technology
Northeast Normal University	Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology	Northeastern University	Nanjing University of Technology	Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University
Taiyuan University of Technology	Jiangnan University	jiangsu university	Jiangsu University of Science and Technology	Southwest Jiaotong University
Huazhong Agricultural University	Northwestern University	Hohai University	Beijing University of Technology	Harbin Engineering University
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications	Shanghai University of Finance and Economics	North China Electric Power University	China University of Petroleum (East China)	China University of Mining and Technology
China University of Petroleum (Beijing)	China University of Geosciences	Liaoning University	Yantai University	Zhejiang University
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)	Central North University	Tianjin Polytechnic University	chongqing jiaotong university	Central South Forestry University
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences	Wuhan University of Science and Technology	South China Agricultural University	Northeast Forestry University	Yunnan University
Huaqiao University	Guangdong University of Foreign Studies	Ningxia University	Wenzhou Medical College	PLA Army Engineering University
Nanjing Forestry University	The Fourth Military Medical University of the Chinese People's Liberation Army	Tianjin Polytechnic University	North China University of Technology	Hebei Agricultural University
Jiangxi Normal University	Harbin Medical Sciences University	Nanchang University	Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics	Guangxi University
Nanjing Medical University	Henan University	Fujian Normal University	University of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences	University of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
Beijing Technology and Business University	Jiangxi University of Technology	Changchun University of Technology	Xi'an University of Technology	Tianjin University of Science and Technology
Nanjing University of Technology	Jiangsu University of Science and Technology	Shenyang Aerospace University	Sichuan Agricultural University	Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
Hebei Normal University	Zhejiang University of Technology	Shanghai University of Applied Technology	Wuhan University of Technology	Jishou University
Guilin University of Electronic Science and Technology	Guilin University of Technology	Guilin Medical College	Zhongnan University of Economics and Law	-

Application conditions

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《 Equivalent education The Conditions for Applying for Doctoral Degree shall be promulgated and implemented by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China.

Qualification examination

（1） The applicant must be a person who has obtained a master's degree, a recent graduate of a master's degree (must obtain a master's degree before entering the university at the latest), or a bachelor's degree of more than 6 years and a master's degree Equivalent education People for

（2） Applicants should make outstanding achievements in teaching, scientific research and specialized technology fields, and independently publish high level academic Academic papers , or publish a monograph at an excessively high level Scientific research achievements Won national or provincial or ministerial level awards.

（3） Have applied for doctor's degree Basic conditions Of Equivalent educational level Personnel shall Degree awarding unit The following materials shall be submitted to the degree awarding unit within the specified time limit:

1． Master's Degree Certificate ；

Sample of Doctoral Diploma

2. Finally Education certificate ；

3. Those preparing to apply for the doctor's degree Thesis ；

4． Public publication Related academic papers, published monographs, and award-winning scientific research achievements Supporting materials ；

5. The applicant's unit introduces the applicant's resume, ideological and political performance, work achievements, scientific research achievements, professional ability, theoretical basis, professional knowledge, foreign language level and other information to the degree awarding unit (sealed);

6. Two professors or equivalent technical position The recommendation of experts (sealed), including at least one doctoral supervisor.

The degree awarding unit shall, within the specified time limit, organize an expert group to Qualification examination 。 Applicants who have been determined to be qualified for application shall be identified as having the same academic level according to the requirements of Article 10 of these Provisions.

Article 2 Recognition of equivalent academic level

The degree awarding unit shall determine whether the applicant has a doctor from the following three aspects Postgraduates with equivalent academic qualifications Horizontal.

（1） Identification of the applicant's achievements in teaching, scientific research, and specialized technology after he/she has completed his/her own work.

（2） On the applicant's professional theoretical basis knowledge structure And the level of recognition.

academic degree Degrees and postgraduates awarded to units education management The department shall organize examinations for applicants who have passed the qualification examination according to the courses specified in the doctoral postgraduate training program. From the date of passing the qualification examination, all courses shall be examined and passed within one year. This application is invalid for those who fail the course examination.

Those who have important works, inventions, discoveries or developments in science or special technology may, upon recommendation of relevant experts and consent of the degree awarding unit, be exempted from part or all of the course examinations and directly apply to participate in the defense of doctoral dissertation.

(III) Thesis Level determination.

The defense of doctoral dissertation shall be completed within one year after the applicant has passed all course examinations. The degree awarding unit shall designate doctoral tutors to provide necessary guidance for the applicant's thesis.

1. Paper requirements and scientific research work.

(1) Submitted by the applicant Doctoral Dissertation , which should be the achievement completed by the author independently in the work practice, indicating that the author is independent scientific research The ability to work and make creative achievements in science or expertise.

(2) For the papers, works or inventions, discoveries, etc. completed by the applicant in cooperation with others, the part of which is actually completed by the applicant independently, the applicant may put forward an application for the degree thesis, and attach the written opinions signed by the moderator of the work, the supporting materials of other authors who jointly published the papers and works, and the papers, works, etc. completed by the applicant in cooperation.

(3) The paper shall be written in Chinese, with abstracts in Chinese and foreign languages.

(4) The applicant must go to the degree awarding unit and participate in scientific research related to the thesis for a period of not less than three months under the guidance of the doctoral supervisor designated by the unit. The applicant should be in the corresponding discipline of the degree awarding unit Professional degree authorization point Report the work of his thesis and accept questions.

2. Thesis review.

(1) Thesis reviewers: The degree awarding unit shall employ at least five professors or experts with equivalent professional and technical positions as the thesis reviewers, including at least three experts outside the degree awarding unit and the applicant's unit. The reviewer of the paper should be conscientiousness Experts with strong, decent style of study, deep academic attainments in corresponding disciplines and outstanding achievements in scientific research. The tutor and recommender of the applicant cannot be employed as the reviewer of the thesis.

The name of the reviewer of the dissertation shall not be informed to the applicant, and the review comments shall be delivered in a sealed manner.

(2) Thesis review: The reviewer of the thesis should carefully review whether the thesis has reached the level of the doctoral degree according to the requirements of the thesis, and put forward comments on the review and revision of the thesis.

3. Thesis defense.

(1) Composition of the thesis defense committee: The thesis defense committee is composed of not less than seven experts with senior professional and technical positions, of which at least four are Doctoral supervisor And are experts outside the degree awarding unit and the applicant's unit. Applicants' recommenders and supervisors cannot be employed as members of the thesis defense committee. Candidates for the composition of the thesis defense committee should first be awarded the degree Degree Evaluation Committee Recognition of.

The relevant administrative department of the degree conferring unit shall deliver the thesis to the members of the thesis defense committee one month before the date of thesis defense.

(2) Thesis defense: The Thesis Defense Committee will make a decision on whether to recommend the award of the doctoral degree according to the defense situation. The resolution shall be adopted by secret ballot with the consent of more than two-thirds of all members. The resolution, after being signed by the chairman of the thesis defense committee, shall be submitted to the degree evaluation committee. The thesis defense shall be recorded in detail. oral defense It shall be held in public.

(3) If the thesis defense is not passed, this application is invalid. oral defense Those who fail to pass the examination, but the Thesis Defense Committee suggests to revise their thesis and re defend it, may re defend it six months later to two years later; defence Not yet passed or be overdue This application is invalid for those who have not applied.

Degree awarding

The applicant has passed the recognition of the same educational level, has been approved by the Degree Evaluation Sub committee of the degree awarding unit, and submitted to the Degree Evaluation Committee for approval to make a decision on awarding the doctor's degree; The name of the person awarding the degree and the title of his doctoral dissertation shall be announced to the society or the applicant's unit in time, and the degree certificate shall be issued after a three month dispute period.

The applicant may not apply to two or more degree conferring units at the same time.

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